Linux 6.11 File-Systems

Tests for a future article. AMD EPYC 8534P 64-Core testing with a AMD Cinnabar (RCB1009C BIOS) and ASPEED on Ubuntu 23.10 via the Phoronix Test Suite.

Compare your own system(s) to this result file with the Phoronix Test Suite by running the command: phoronix-test-suite benchmark 2408065-NE-LINUX611F18
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EXT4
August 05
  2 Hours, 31 Minutes
F2FS
August 05
  2 Hours, 32 Minutes
Btrfs
August 05
  2 Hours, 11 Minutes
XFS
August 05
  2 Hours, 28 Minutes
Bcachefs
August 06
  3 Hours, 33 Minutes
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  2 Hours, 39 Minutes

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EXT4

Processor: AMD EPYC 8534P 64-Core @ 2.30GHz (64 Cores / 128 Threads), Motherboard: AMD Cinnabar (RCB1009C BIOS), Chipset: AMD Device 14a4, Memory: 6 x 32GB DRAM-4800MT/s Samsung M321R4GA0BB0-CQKMG, Disk: 1000GB INTEL SSDPE2KX010T8 + 7682GB SOLIDIGM SB5PH27X076T, Graphics: ASPEED, Network: 2 x Broadcom NetXtreme BCM5720 PCIe

OS: Ubuntu 23.10, Kernel: 6.11.0-061100rc2-generic (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1200

Kernel Notes: Transparent Huge Pages: madvise
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-cet --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --enable-libphobos-checking=release --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-link-serialization=2 --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-offload-defaulted --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,amdgcn-amdhsa=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-gcn/usr --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib=auto --with-tune=generic --without-cuda-driver -v
Disk Notes: NONE / relatime,rw,stripe=256 / Block Size: 4096
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq performance (Boost: Enabled) - CPU Microcode: 0xaa00212
Java Notes: OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.23+9-post-Ubuntu-1ubuntu123.10.1)
Python Notes: Python 3.11.6
Security Notes: gather_data_sampling: Not affected + itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + mmio_stale_data: Not affected + reg_file_data_sampling: Not affected + retbleed: Not affected + spec_rstack_overflow: Mitigation of Safe RET + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced / Automatic IBRS; IBPB: conditional; STIBP: always-on; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected; BHI: Not affected + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected

F2FS

OS: Ubuntu 23.10, Kernel: 6.11.0-061100rc2-generic (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: f2fs, Screen Resolution: 1920x1200

Kernel Notes: Transparent Huge Pages: madvise
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-cet --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --enable-libphobos-checking=release --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-link-serialization=2 --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-offload-defaulted --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,amdgcn-amdhsa=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-gcn/usr --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib=auto --with-tune=generic --without-cuda-driver -v
Disk Notes: NONE / acl,active_logs=6,alloc_mode=default,background_gc=on,barrier,checkpoint_merge,discard,discard_unit=block,errors=continue,extent_cache,flush_merge,fsync_mode=posix,inline_data,inline_dentry,inline_xattr,lazytime,memory=normal,mode=adaptive,nogc_merge,relatime,rw,user_xattr / Block Size: 4096
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq performance (Boost: Enabled) - CPU Microcode: 0xaa00212
Security Notes: gather_data_sampling: Not affected + itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + mmio_stale_data: Not affected + reg_file_data_sampling: Not affected + retbleed: Not affected + spec_rstack_overflow: Mitigation of Safe RET + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced / Automatic IBRS; IBPB: conditional; STIBP: always-on; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected; BHI: Not affected + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected

Btrfs

OS: Ubuntu 23.10, Kernel: 6.11.0-061100rc2-generic (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: btrfs, Screen Resolution: 1920x1200

Kernel Notes: Transparent Huge Pages: madvise
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-cet --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --enable-libphobos-checking=release --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-link-serialization=2 --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-offload-defaulted --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,amdgcn-amdhsa=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-gcn/usr --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib=auto --with-tune=generic --without-cuda-driver -v
Disk Notes: NONE / discard=async,relatime,rw,space_cache=v2,ssd,subvol=/,subvolid=5 / Block Size: 4096
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq performance (Boost: Enabled) - CPU Microcode: 0xaa00212
Security Notes: gather_data_sampling: Not affected + itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + mmio_stale_data: Not affected + reg_file_data_sampling: Not affected + retbleed: Not affected + spec_rstack_overflow: Mitigation of Safe RET + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced / Automatic IBRS; IBPB: conditional; STIBP: always-on; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected; BHI: Not affected + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected

XFS

OS: Ubuntu 23.10, Kernel: 6.11.0-061100rc2-generic (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: xfs, Screen Resolution: 1920x1200

Kernel Notes: Transparent Huge Pages: madvise
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-cet --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --enable-libphobos-checking=release --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-link-serialization=2 --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-offload-defaulted --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,amdgcn-amdhsa=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-gcn/usr --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib=auto --with-tune=generic --without-cuda-driver -v
Disk Notes: NONE / attr2,inode64,logbsize=32k,logbufs=8,noquota,relatime,rw / Block Size: 4096
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq performance (Boost: Enabled) - CPU Microcode: 0xaa00212
Security Notes: gather_data_sampling: Not affected + itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + mmio_stale_data: Not affected + reg_file_data_sampling: Not affected + retbleed: Not affected + spec_rstack_overflow: Mitigation of Safe RET + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced / Automatic IBRS; IBPB: conditional; STIBP: always-on; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected; BHI: Not affected + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected

Bcachefs

OS: Ubuntu 23.10, Kernel: 6.11.0-061100rc2-generic (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: BcacheFS, Screen Resolution: 1920x1200

Kernel Notes: Transparent Huge Pages: madvise
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-cet --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --enable-libphobos-checking=release --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-link-serialization=2 --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-offload-defaulted --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,amdgcn-amdhsa=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-gcn/usr --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib=auto --with-tune=generic --without-cuda-driver -v
Disk Notes: NONE / relatime,rw / Block Size: 4096
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq performance (Boost: Enabled) - CPU Microcode: 0xaa00212
Security Notes: gather_data_sampling: Not affected + itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + mmio_stale_data: Not affected + reg_file_data_sampling: Not affected + retbleed: Not affected + spec_rstack_overflow: Mitigation of Safe RET + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced / Automatic IBRS; IBPB: conditional; STIBP: always-on; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected; BHI: Not affected + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected

Linux 6.11 File-SystemsOpenBenchmarking.orgPhoronix Test SuiteAMD EPYC 8534P 64-Core @ 2.30GHz (64 Cores / 128 Threads)AMD Cinnabar (RCB1009C BIOS)AMD Device 14a46 x 32GB DRAM-4800MT/s Samsung M321R4GA0BB0-CQKMG1000GB INTEL SSDPE2KX010T8 + 7682GB SOLIDIGM SB5PH27X076TASPEED2 x Broadcom NetXtreme BCM5720 PCIeUbuntu 23.106.11.0-061100rc2-generic (x86_64)GCC 13.2.0ext4f2fsbtrfsxfsBcacheFS1920x1200ProcessorMotherboardChipsetMemoryDiskGraphicsNetworkOSKernelCompilerFile-SystemsScreen ResolutionLinux 6.11 File-Systems PerformanceSystem Logs- Transparent Huge Pages: madvise- --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-cet --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --enable-libphobos-checking=release --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-link-serialization=2 --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-offload-defaulted --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,amdgcn-amdhsa=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-gcn/usr --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib=auto --with-tune=generic --without-cuda-driver -v - EXT4: NONE / relatime,rw,stripe=256 / Block Size: 4096- F2FS: NONE / acl,active_logs=6,alloc_mode=default,background_gc=on,barrier,checkpoint_merge,discard,discard_unit=block,errors=continue,extent_cache,flush_merge,fsync_mode=posix,inline_data,inline_dentry,inline_xattr,lazytime,memory=normal,mode=adaptive,nogc_merge,relatime,rw,user_xattr / Block Size: 4096 - Btrfs: NONE / discard=async,relatime,rw,space_cache=v2,ssd,subvol=/,subvolid=5 / Block Size: 4096 - XFS: NONE / attr2,inode64,logbsize=32k,logbufs=8,noquota,relatime,rw / Block Size: 4096 - Bcachefs: NONE / relatime,rw / Block Size: 4096- Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq performance (Boost: Enabled) - CPU Microcode: 0xaa00212 - EXT4: OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.23+9-post-Ubuntu-1ubuntu123.10.1) - EXT4: Python 3.11.6- gather_data_sampling: Not affected + itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + mmio_stale_data: Not affected + reg_file_data_sampling: Not affected + retbleed: Not affected + spec_rstack_overflow: Mitigation of Safe RET + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced / Automatic IBRS; IBPB: conditional; STIBP: always-on; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected; BHI: Not affected + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected

EXT4F2FSBtrfsXFSBcachefsLogarithmic Result OverviewPhoronix Test SuiteSQLiteMariaDBDbenchPostgreSQLFlexible IO TesterMariaDB mariadb-slapCockroachDBSpeedb

Linux 6.11 File-Systemsdbench: 12fio: Seq Read - IO_uring - Yes - 2MB - 32 - Default Test Directorycockroach: KV, 60% Reads - 256mariadb: oltp_update_non_index - 64cockroach: KV, 50% Reads - 256speedb: Read While Writingfio: Seq Read - IO_uring - Yes - 2MB - 32 - Default Test Directorypgbench: 100 - 1000 - Read Write - Average Latencypgbench: 100 - 1000 - Read Writespeedb: Rand Fillfio: Rand Read - IO_uring - Yes - 4KB - 32 - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Read - IO_uring - Yes - 4KB - 32 - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Write - IO_uring - Yes - 2MB - 32 - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Write - IO_uring - Yes - 2MB - 32 - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Write - IO_uring - Yes - 4KB - 32 - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Write - IO_uring - Yes - 4KB - 32 - Default Test Directorymysqlslap: 32sqlite: 4EXT4F2FSBtrfsXFSBcachefs5057.88106658.518391397936.812274192594115.746635113711312036677954039808113600053215382.6066756.04101341.9186562100277.012193430611021.4874654936880620333379440428087147000574153810.4412061.2099639.74782688960.712070975598141.640240163694701390005431367273760833237101514.8825777.24101495.3185630100698.812275021609215.500645193557212050008004042808613000050715362.4883229.787186102296.815812794771.812110788371224.0644155636757817666769098419715460021313474.537OpenBenchmarking.org

Dbench

Dbench is a benchmark designed by the Samba project as a free alternative to netbench, but dbench contains only file-system calls for testing the disk performance. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterDbench 4.0Client Count: 12BcachefsBtrfsEXT4F2FSXFS14002800420056007000SE +/- 3.41, N = 3SE +/- 7.42, N = 3SE +/- 5.27, N = 3SE +/- 12.71, N = 3SE +/- 1.83, N = 33229.782061.205057.886756.045777.241. (CC) gcc options: -lpopt -O2

Flexible IO Tester

FIO, the Flexible I/O Tester, is an advanced Linux disk benchmark supporting multiple I/O engines and a wealth of options. FIO was written by Jens Axboe for testing of the Linux I/O subsystem and schedulers. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.36Type: Sequential Read - Engine: IO_uring - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 32 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefs15003000450060007500SE +/- 35.33, N = 1471861. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

CockroachDB

CockroachDB is a cloud-native, distributed SQL database for data intensive applications. This test profile uses a server-less CockroachDB configuration to test various Coackroach workloads on the local host with a single node. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgops/s, More Is BetterCockroachDB 22.2Workload: KV, 60% Reads - Concurrency: 256BcachefsBtrfsEXT4F2FSXFS20K40K60K80K100KSE +/- 1084.81, N = 15SE +/- 695.82, N = 3SE +/- 291.24, N = 3SE +/- 1635.56, N = 15SE +/- 1480.60, N = 15102296.899639.7106658.5101341.9101495.3

MariaDB

This is a MariaDB MySQL database server benchmark making use of sysbench rather than the existing pts/mysqlslap test profile that uses MariaDB with mysqlslap/mariadb-slap as the benchmark driver. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgQueries Per Second, More Is BetterMariaDB 11.5Test: oltp_update_non_index - Threads: 64BcachefsBtrfsEXT4F2FSXFS40K80K120K160K200KSE +/- 142.43, N = 3SE +/- 352.18, N = 3SE +/- 162.81, N = 3SE +/- 374.96, N = 3SE +/- 224.91, N = 315812747826183913186562185630-shared -lrt -lstdc++-shared -lrt -lstdc++-shared -lrt -lstdc++-lcrypt -laio -lnuma -lssl -lcrypto-shared -lrt -lstdc++1. (CXX) g++ options: -fPIC -pie -fstack-protector -O3 -lpthread -lz -ldl -lm

CockroachDB

CockroachDB is a cloud-native, distributed SQL database for data intensive applications. This test profile uses a server-less CockroachDB configuration to test various Coackroach workloads on the local host with a single node. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgops/s, More Is BetterCockroachDB 22.2Workload: KV, 50% Reads - Concurrency: 256BcachefsBtrfsEXT4F2FSXFS20K40K60K80K100KSE +/- 1082.29, N = 15SE +/- 981.48, N = 5SE +/- 1094.28, N = 15SE +/- 1260.51, N = 3SE +/- 327.73, N = 394771.888960.797936.8100277.0100698.8

Speedb

Speedb is a next-generation key value storage engine that is RocksDB compatible and aiming for stability, efficiency, and performance. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgOp/s, More Is BetterSpeedb 2.7Test: Read While WritingBcachefsBtrfsEXT4F2FSXFS3M6M9M12M15MSE +/- 114927.82, N = 15SE +/- 115159.19, N = 6SE +/- 124696.22, N = 15SE +/- 110325.78, N = 15SE +/- 86255.08, N = 312110788120709751227419212193430122750211. (CXX) g++ options: -O3 -march=native -pthread -fno-builtin-memcmp -fno-rtti -lpthread

Flexible IO Tester

FIO, the Flexible I/O Tester, is an advanced Linux disk benchmark supporting multiple I/O engines and a wealth of options. FIO was written by Jens Axboe for testing of the Linux I/O subsystem and schedulers. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.36Type: Sequential Read - Engine: IO_uring - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 32 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsBtrfsEXT4F2FSXFS13002600390052006500SE +/- 121.50, N = 15SE +/- 13.01, N = 3SE +/- 6.74, N = 3SE +/- 5.24, N = 3SE +/- 5.69, N = 3371259815941611060921. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

PostgreSQL

This is a benchmark of PostgreSQL using the integrated pgbench for facilitating the database benchmarks. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgms, Fewer Is BetterPostgreSQL 16Scaling Factor: 100 - Clients: 1000 - Mode: Read Write - Average LatencyBcachefsBtrfsEXT4F2FSXFS1020304050SE +/- 0.09, N = 3SE +/- 0.14, N = 3SE +/- 0.08, N = 3SE +/- 0.20, N = 3SE +/- 0.09, N = 324.0641.6415.7521.4915.501. (CC) gcc options: -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -O2 -lpgcommon -lpgport -lpq -lm

OpenBenchmarking.orgTPS, More Is BetterPostgreSQL 16Scaling Factor: 100 - Clients: 1000 - Mode: Read WriteBcachefsBtrfsEXT4F2FSXFS14K28K42K56K70KSE +/- 150.28, N = 3SE +/- 78.26, N = 3SE +/- 307.92, N = 3SE +/- 444.74, N = 3SE +/- 375.90, N = 341556240166351146549645191. (CC) gcc options: -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -O2 -lpgcommon -lpgport -lpq -lm

Speedb

Speedb is a next-generation key value storage engine that is RocksDB compatible and aiming for stability, efficiency, and performance. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgOp/s, More Is BetterSpeedb 2.7Test: Random FillBcachefsBtrfsEXT4F2FSXFS80K160K240K320K400KSE +/- 104.11, N = 3SE +/- 846.81, N = 3SE +/- 1260.12, N = 3SE +/- 207.63, N = 3SE +/- 15517.10, N = 123675783694703711313688063557211. (CXX) g++ options: -O3 -march=native -pthread -fno-builtin-memcmp -fno-rtti -lpthread

Flexible IO Tester

FIO, the Flexible I/O Tester, is an advanced Linux disk benchmark supporting multiple I/O engines and a wealth of options. FIO was written by Jens Axboe for testing of the Linux I/O subsystem and schedulers. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.36Type: Random Read - Engine: IO_uring - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Job Count: 32 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsBtrfsEXT4F2FSXFS40K80K120K160K200KSE +/- 2185.81, N = 3SE +/- 577.35, N = 3SE +/- 333.33, N = 3SE +/- 333.33, N = 3SE +/- 577.35, N = 31766671390002036672033332050001. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.36Type: Random Read - Engine: IO_uring - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Job Count: 32 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsBtrfsEXT4F2FSXFS2004006008001000SE +/- 8.84, N = 3SE +/- 1.67, N = 3SE +/- 1.20, N = 3SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 2.52, N = 36905437957948001. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.36Type: Sequential Write - Engine: IO_uring - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 32 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsBtrfsEXT4F2FSXFS9001800270036004500SE +/- 1.20, N = 3SE +/- 1.45, N = 3SE +/- 0.58, N = 3SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 0.67, N = 398413674039404240421. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.36Type: Sequential Write - Engine: IO_uring - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 32 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsBtrfsEXT4F2FSXFS2K4K6K8K10KSE +/- 2.33, N = 3SE +/- 2.91, N = 3SE +/- 1.53, N = 3SE +/- 0.88, N = 3SE +/- 1.33, N = 3197127378081808780861. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.36Type: Random Write - Engine: IO_uring - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Job Count: 32 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsBtrfsEXT4F2FSXFS30K60K90K120K150KSE +/- 57.74, N = 3SE +/- 578.31, N = 3SE +/- 577.35, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 354600608331360001470001300001. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.36Type: Random Write - Engine: IO_uring - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Job Count: 32 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsBtrfsEXT4F2FSXFS120240360480600SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 2.33, N = 3SE +/- 2.19, N = 3SE +/- 0.58, N = 3SE +/- 0.33, N = 32132375325745071. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

MariaDB mariadb-slap

This is a MariaDB MySQL database server benchmark making use of mysqlslap (mariadb-slap). Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgQueries Per Second, More Is BetterMariaDB mariadb-slap 11.5Clients: 32BcachefsBtrfsEXT4F2FSXFS30060090012001500SE +/- 7.10, N = 3SE +/- 14.43, N = 3SE +/- 3.43, N = 3SE +/- 4.18, N = 3SE +/- 7.57, N = 3134710151538153815361. (CXX) g++ options: -fPIC -pie -fstack-protector -O3 -shared -lrt -lpthread -lz -ldl -lm -lstdc++

SQLite

This is a simple benchmark of SQLite. At present this test profile just measures the time to perform a pre-defined number of insertions on an indexed database with a variable number of concurrent repetitions -- up to the maximum number of CPU threads available. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterSQLite 3.41.2Threads / Copies: 4BcachefsBtrfsEXT4F2FSXFS48121620SE +/- 0.055, N = 15SE +/- 0.321, N = 15SE +/- 0.010, N = 3SE +/- 0.099, N = 3SE +/- 0.009, N = 34.53714.8822.60610.4412.488-lreadline -ltermcap-lreadline -ltermcap-lreadline -ltermcap-lreadline -ltermcap1. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -lz -lm

18 Results Shown

Dbench
Flexible IO Tester
CockroachDB
MariaDB
CockroachDB
Speedb
Flexible IO Tester
PostgreSQL:
  100 - 1000 - Read Write - Average Latency
  100 - 1000 - Read Write
Speedb
Flexible IO Tester:
  Rand Read - IO_uring - Yes - 4KB - 32 - Default Test Directory:
    IOPS
    MB/s
  Seq Write - IO_uring - Yes - 2MB - 32 - Default Test Directory:
    IOPS
    MB/s
  Rand Write - IO_uring - Yes - 4KB - 32 - Default Test Directory:
    IOPS
    MB/s
MariaDB mariadb-slap
SQLite

EXT4

Processor: AMD EPYC 8534P 64-Core @ 2.30GHz (64 Cores / 128 Threads), Motherboard: AMD Cinnabar (RCB1009C BIOS), Chipset: AMD Device 14a4, Memory: 6 x 32GB DRAM-4800MT/s Samsung M321R4GA0BB0-CQKMG, Disk: 1000GB INTEL SSDPE2KX010T8 + 7682GB SOLIDIGM SB5PH27X076T, Graphics: ASPEED, Network: 2 x Broadcom NetXtreme BCM5720 PCIe

OS: Ubuntu 23.10, Kernel: 6.11.0-061100rc2-generic (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1200

Kernel Notes: Transparent Huge Pages: madvise
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-cet --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --enable-libphobos-checking=release --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-link-serialization=2 --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-offload-defaulted --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,amdgcn-amdhsa=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-gcn/usr --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib=auto --with-tune=generic --without-cuda-driver -v
Disk Notes: NONE / relatime,rw,stripe=256 / Block Size: 4096
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq performance (Boost: Enabled) - CPU Microcode: 0xaa00212
Java Notes: OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.23+9-post-Ubuntu-1ubuntu123.10.1)
Python Notes: Python 3.11.6
Security Notes: gather_data_sampling: Not affected + itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + mmio_stale_data: Not affected + reg_file_data_sampling: Not affected + retbleed: Not affected + spec_rstack_overflow: Mitigation of Safe RET + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced / Automatic IBRS; IBPB: conditional; STIBP: always-on; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected; BHI: Not affected + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected

Testing initiated at 5 August 2024 10:58 by user phoronix.

F2FS

Processor: AMD EPYC 8534P 64-Core @ 2.30GHz (64 Cores / 128 Threads), Motherboard: AMD Cinnabar (RCB1009C BIOS), Chipset: AMD Device 14a4, Memory: 6 x 32GB DRAM-4800MT/s Samsung M321R4GA0BB0-CQKMG, Disk: 1000GB INTEL SSDPE2KX010T8 + 7682GB SOLIDIGM SB5PH27X076T, Graphics: ASPEED, Network: 2 x Broadcom NetXtreme BCM5720 PCIe

OS: Ubuntu 23.10, Kernel: 6.11.0-061100rc2-generic (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: f2fs, Screen Resolution: 1920x1200

Kernel Notes: Transparent Huge Pages: madvise
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-cet --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --enable-libphobos-checking=release --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-link-serialization=2 --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-offload-defaulted --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,amdgcn-amdhsa=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-gcn/usr --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib=auto --with-tune=generic --without-cuda-driver -v
Disk Notes: NONE / acl,active_logs=6,alloc_mode=default,background_gc=on,barrier,checkpoint_merge,discard,discard_unit=block,errors=continue,extent_cache,flush_merge,fsync_mode=posix,inline_data,inline_dentry,inline_xattr,lazytime,memory=normal,mode=adaptive,nogc_merge,relatime,rw,user_xattr / Block Size: 4096
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq performance (Boost: Enabled) - CPU Microcode: 0xaa00212
Security Notes: gather_data_sampling: Not affected + itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + mmio_stale_data: Not affected + reg_file_data_sampling: Not affected + retbleed: Not affected + spec_rstack_overflow: Mitigation of Safe RET + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced / Automatic IBRS; IBPB: conditional; STIBP: always-on; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected; BHI: Not affected + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected

Testing initiated at 5 August 2024 16:25 by user phoronix.

Btrfs

Processor: AMD EPYC 8534P 64-Core @ 2.30GHz (64 Cores / 128 Threads), Motherboard: AMD Cinnabar (RCB1009C BIOS), Chipset: AMD Device 14a4, Memory: 6 x 32GB DRAM-4800MT/s Samsung M321R4GA0BB0-CQKMG, Disk: 1000GB INTEL SSDPE2KX010T8 + 7682GB SOLIDIGM SB5PH27X076T, Graphics: ASPEED, Network: 2 x Broadcom NetXtreme BCM5720 PCIe

OS: Ubuntu 23.10, Kernel: 6.11.0-061100rc2-generic (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: btrfs, Screen Resolution: 1920x1200

Kernel Notes: Transparent Huge Pages: madvise
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-cet --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --enable-libphobos-checking=release --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-link-serialization=2 --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-offload-defaulted --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,amdgcn-amdhsa=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-gcn/usr --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib=auto --with-tune=generic --without-cuda-driver -v
Disk Notes: NONE / discard=async,relatime,rw,space_cache=v2,ssd,subvol=/,subvolid=5 / Block Size: 4096
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq performance (Boost: Enabled) - CPU Microcode: 0xaa00212
Security Notes: gather_data_sampling: Not affected + itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + mmio_stale_data: Not affected + reg_file_data_sampling: Not affected + retbleed: Not affected + spec_rstack_overflow: Mitigation of Safe RET + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced / Automatic IBRS; IBPB: conditional; STIBP: always-on; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected; BHI: Not affected + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected

Testing initiated at 5 August 2024 19:01 by user phoronix.

XFS

Processor: AMD EPYC 8534P 64-Core @ 2.30GHz (64 Cores / 128 Threads), Motherboard: AMD Cinnabar (RCB1009C BIOS), Chipset: AMD Device 14a4, Memory: 6 x 32GB DRAM-4800MT/s Samsung M321R4GA0BB0-CQKMG, Disk: 1000GB INTEL SSDPE2KX010T8 + 7682GB SOLIDIGM SB5PH27X076T, Graphics: ASPEED, Network: 2 x Broadcom NetXtreme BCM5720 PCIe

OS: Ubuntu 23.10, Kernel: 6.11.0-061100rc2-generic (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: xfs, Screen Resolution: 1920x1200

Kernel Notes: Transparent Huge Pages: madvise
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-cet --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --enable-libphobos-checking=release --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-link-serialization=2 --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-offload-defaulted --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,amdgcn-amdhsa=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-gcn/usr --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib=auto --with-tune=generic --without-cuda-driver -v
Disk Notes: NONE / attr2,inode64,logbsize=32k,logbufs=8,noquota,relatime,rw / Block Size: 4096
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq performance (Boost: Enabled) - CPU Microcode: 0xaa00212
Security Notes: gather_data_sampling: Not affected + itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + mmio_stale_data: Not affected + reg_file_data_sampling: Not affected + retbleed: Not affected + spec_rstack_overflow: Mitigation of Safe RET + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced / Automatic IBRS; IBPB: conditional; STIBP: always-on; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected; BHI: Not affected + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected

Testing initiated at 5 August 2024 21:50 by user phoronix.

Bcachefs

Processor: AMD EPYC 8534P 64-Core @ 2.30GHz (64 Cores / 128 Threads), Motherboard: AMD Cinnabar (RCB1009C BIOS), Chipset: AMD Device 14a4, Memory: 6 x 32GB DRAM-4800MT/s Samsung M321R4GA0BB0-CQKMG, Disk: 1000GB INTEL SSDPE2KX010T8 + 7682GB SOLIDIGM SB5PH27X076T, Graphics: ASPEED, Network: 2 x Broadcom NetXtreme BCM5720 PCIe

OS: Ubuntu 23.10, Kernel: 6.11.0-061100rc2-generic (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: BcacheFS, Screen Resolution: 1920x1200

Kernel Notes: Transparent Huge Pages: madvise
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-cet --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --enable-libphobos-checking=release --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-link-serialization=2 --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-offload-defaulted --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,amdgcn-amdhsa=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-gcn/usr --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib=auto --with-tune=generic --without-cuda-driver -v
Disk Notes: NONE / relatime,rw / Block Size: 4096
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq performance (Boost: Enabled) - CPU Microcode: 0xaa00212
Security Notes: gather_data_sampling: Not affected + itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + mmio_stale_data: Not affected + reg_file_data_sampling: Not affected + retbleed: Not affected + spec_rstack_overflow: Mitigation of Safe RET + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced / Automatic IBRS; IBPB: conditional; STIBP: always-on; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected; BHI: Not affected + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected

Testing initiated at 6 August 2024 00:29 by user phoronix.