test1

Raspbian 10 benchmarks second run

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  Test
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balena suite in container
April 19 2021
  7 Hours, 35 Minutes
test2
April 19 2021
  3 Hours, 21 Minutes
balena suite on Raspbian 10
April 20 2021
  3 Hours, 23 Minutes
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  4 Hours, 46 Minutes

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balena suite in container

Processor: ARMv8 Cortex-A72 @ 1.50GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: BCM2835 Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.1, Memory: 4096MB, Disk: 32GB SP32G

OS: Raspbian GNU/Linux 10, Kernel: 5.4.83-v8 (aarch64), Compiler: GCC 8.3.0, File-System: overlayfs, System Layer: Docker

Kernel Notes: snd_bcm2835.enable_compat_alsa=0 snd_bcm2835.enable_hdmi=1
Compiler Notes: --build=arm-linux-gnueabihf --disable-libitm --disable-libquadmath --disable-libquadmath-support --disable-sjlj-exceptions --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --program-prefix=arm-linux-gnueabihf- --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf --with-arch=armv6 --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-float=hard --with-fpu=vfp --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-target-system-zlib -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: cpufreq-dt ondemand
Python Notes: Python 3.7.3
Security Notes: itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + spec_store_bypass: Vulnerable + spectre_v1: Mitigation of __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Vulnerable + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected

test2

Kernel Notes: snd_bcm2835.enable_compat_alsa=0 snd_bcm2835.enable_hdmi=1
Compiler Notes: --build=arm-linux-gnueabihf --disable-libitm --disable-libquadmath --disable-libquadmath-support --disable-sjlj-exceptions --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --program-prefix=arm-linux-gnueabihf- --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf --with-arch=armv6 --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-float=hard --with-fpu=vfp --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-target-system-zlib -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: cpufreq-dt ondemand
Disk Mount Options Notes: noatime,rw
Disk Details Notes: Block Size: 4096

balena suite on Raspbian 10

Processor: ARMv7 Cortex-A72 @ 1.50GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: BCM2711 Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.1, Memory: 4096MB, Disk: 32GB SP32G

OS: Raspbian 10, Kernel: 5.10.17-v7l+ (armv7l), Compiler: GCC 8.3.0, File-System: ext4

test1ProcessorMotherboardMemoryDiskOSKernelCompilerFile-SystemSystem Layerbalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 10ARMv8 Cortex-A72 @ 1.50GHz (4 Cores)BCM2835 Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.14096MB32GB SP32GRaspbian GNU/Linux 105.4.83-v8 (aarch64)GCC 8.3.0overlayfsDockerARMv7 Cortex-A72 @ 1.50GHz (4 Cores)BCM2711 Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.1Raspbian 105.10.17-v7l+ (armv7l)ext4OpenBenchmarking.orgKernel Details- snd_bcm2835.enable_compat_alsa=0 snd_bcm2835.enable_hdmi=1Compiler Details- --build=arm-linux-gnueabihf --disable-libitm --disable-libquadmath --disable-libquadmath-support --disable-sjlj-exceptions --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --program-prefix=arm-linux-gnueabihf- --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf --with-arch=armv6 --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-float=hard --with-fpu=vfp --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-target-system-zlib -v Processor Details- Scaling Governor: cpufreq-dt ondemandPython Details- balena suite in container: Python 3.7.3Security Details- balena suite in container: itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + spec_store_bypass: Vulnerable + spectre_v1: Mitigation of __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Vulnerable + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected Disk Mount Options Details- test2, balena suite on Raspbian 10: noatime,rwDisk Details Details- test2, balena suite on Raspbian 10: Block Size: 4096

balena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 10Result OverviewPhoronix Test Suite100%136%173%209%245%MBWStress-NGTinymembenchDbenchFlexible IO TesterGNU GMP GMPbench

test1fio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 4KB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 4KB - Default Test Directorymbw: Memory Copy, Fixed Block Size - 1024 MiBmbw: Memory Copy, Fixed Block Size - 128 MiBmbw: Memory Copy - 1024 MiBmbw: Memory Copy, Fixed Block Size - 512 MiBmbw: Memory Copy - 512 MiBstress-ng: Glibc C String Functionsstress-ng: Mallocstress-ng: Cryptostress-ng: Forkingdbench: 1fio: Rand Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 4KB - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 64KB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 64KB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 64KB - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 4KB - Default Test Directorystress-ng: Context Switchingfio: Rand Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 4KB - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 1MB - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 4MB - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 4MB - Default Test Directorystress-ng: Semaphoresfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 4MB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 4MB - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 1MB - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 4MB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 4KB - Default Test Directorygmpbench: Total Timefio: Rand Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 1MB - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 4MB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 64KB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 4KB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 1MB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 4KB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 64KB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 4KB - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 1MB - Default Test Directorydbench: 12fio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 4MB - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 64KB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 1MB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 4MB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 4KB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 1MB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 1MB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 4KB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 4KB - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 4KB - Default Test Directorystress-ng: System V Message Passingstress-ng: Socket Activitymbw: Memory Copy - 128 MiBtinymembench: Standard Memsettinymembench: Standard Memcpyfio: Rand Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 64KB - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 64KB - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 4KB - Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 107.0577.301962.609993.214999.4301001.5871019.92712506.651118613.5173.41350.6727.80055.76725.729.729.89.807128251.2710.741.450.047.3215144.8455.455.437.155.140.3473.2645.454.440.941.144.81050041.21053344.689.88754.427.744.454.645.443.6461075.79229.821082.3922569.71647.326.425.95.36740.140.22493.2962486.9922478.9192449.3672442.43827576.742405189.58152.423531.6450.10388.71938.243.843.812.4159492.088.69935.344.844.8227630.5852.652.835.352.642488.8343.852.642.14145.81073342.11073343.888.487555.228.143.855.21080045.843.7107331026710300586437.72375.912478.2523338.32662.227.738.212.639.740.12495.6282498.3102482.7442451.3922441.72427668.972399768.04152.263578.5248.61608.70338.243.843.812.7157802.648.69435.444.844.7227434.1452.652.735.452.641491.0143.852.742.141.345.81070042.11070043.889.111555.228.143.855.21070045.843.8107331026710300599921.73371.832485.9253345.12668.428.138.112.5OpenBenchmarking.org

Flexible IO Tester

Fio is an advanced disk benchmark that depends upon the kernel's AIO access library. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 10918273645SE +/- 0.065, N = 3SE +/- 0.033, N = 3SE +/- 0.367, N = 37.05740.10039.700

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: No - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 10918273645SE +/- 0.074, N = 3SE +/- 0.033, N = 3SE +/- 0.000, N = 37.30140.20040.100

MBW

This is a basic/simple memory (RAM) bandwidth benchmark for memory copy operations. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterMBW 2018-09-08Test: Memory Copy, Fixed Block Size - Array Size: 1024 MiBbalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 105001000150020002500SE +/- 6.73, N = 3SE +/- 3.88, N = 3SE +/- 2.71, N = 3962.612493.302495.631. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterMBW 2018-09-08Test: Memory Copy, Fixed Block Size - Array Size: 128 MiBbalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 105001000150020002500SE +/- 14.57, N = 15SE +/- 2.47, N = 3SE +/- 1.38, N = 3993.212486.992498.311. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterMBW 2018-09-08Test: Memory Copy - Array Size: 1024 MiBbalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 105001000150020002500SE +/- 6.80, N = 15SE +/- 1.09, N = 3SE +/- 0.47, N = 3999.432478.922482.741. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterMBW 2018-09-08Test: Memory Copy, Fixed Block Size - Array Size: 512 MiBbalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 105001000150020002500SE +/- 12.28, N = 15SE +/- 1.48, N = 3SE +/- 3.04, N = 31001.592449.372451.391. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterMBW 2018-09-08Test: Memory Copy - Array Size: 512 MiBbalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 105001000150020002500SE +/- 11.27, N = 15SE +/- 1.79, N = 3SE +/- 1.19, N = 31019.932442.442441.721. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -march=native

Stress-NG

Stress-NG is a Linux stress tool developed by Colin King of Canonical. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgBogo Ops/s, More Is BetterStress-NG 0.11.07Test: Glibc C String Functionsbalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 106K12K18K24K30KSE +/- 58.20, N = 3SE +/- 54.48, N = 3SE +/- 47.23, N = 312506.6527576.7427668.97-lz-lz1. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -std=gnu99 -lm -lcrypt -lrt -ldl -lpthread -lc

OpenBenchmarking.orgBogo Ops/s, More Is BetterStress-NG 0.11.07Test: Mallocbalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 10500K1000K1500K2000K2500KSE +/- 10276.27, N = 15SE +/- 2955.08, N = 3SE +/- 7530.95, N = 31118613.512405189.582399768.04-lz-lz1. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -std=gnu99 -lm -lcrypt -lrt -ldl -lpthread -lc

OpenBenchmarking.orgBogo Ops/s, More Is BetterStress-NG 0.11.07Test: Cryptobalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 10306090120150SE +/- 0.54, N = 3SE +/- 0.07, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 373.41152.42152.26-lz-lz1. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -std=gnu99 -lm -lcrypt -lrt -ldl -lpthread -lc

OpenBenchmarking.orgBogo Ops/s, More Is BetterStress-NG 0.11.07Test: Forkingbalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 108001600240032004000SE +/- 2.08, N = 3SE +/- 15.21, N = 3SE +/- 20.46, N = 3350.673531.643578.52-lz-lz1. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -std=gnu99 -lm -lcrypt -lrt -ldl -lpthread -lc

Dbench

Dbench is a benchmark designed by the Samba project as a free alternative to netbench, but dbench contains only file-system calls for testing the disk performance. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterDbench 4.0Client Count: 1balena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101122334455SE +/- 0.04, N = 3SE +/- 0.07, N = 3SE +/- 0.21, N = 327.8050.1048.62

Flexible IO Tester

Fio is an advanced disk benchmark that depends upon the kernel's AIO access library. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: No - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 10246810SE +/- 0.054, N = 3SE +/- 0.011, N = 3SE +/- 0.004, N = 35.7678.7198.703

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: No - Block Size: 64KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 10918273645SE +/- 0.38, N = 15SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 325.738.238.2

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 64KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101020304050SE +/- 0.30, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 329.743.843.8

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: No - Block Size: 64KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101020304050SE +/- 0.32, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 329.843.843.8

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: No - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 103691215SE +/- 0.103, N = 5SE +/- 0.144, N = 4SE +/- 0.088, N = 39.80712.40012.700

Stress-NG

Stress-NG is a Linux stress tool developed by Colin King of Canonical. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgBogo Ops/s, More Is BetterStress-NG 0.11.07Test: Context Switchingbalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 1030K60K90K120K150KSE +/- 1491.36, N = 15SE +/- 705.59, N = 3SE +/- 588.15, N = 3128251.27159492.08157802.64-lz-lz1. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -std=gnu99 -lm -lcrypt -lrt -ldl -lpthread -lc

Flexible IO Tester

Fio is an advanced disk benchmark that depends upon the kernel's AIO access library. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 103691215SE +/- 0.100, N = 3SE +/- 0.004, N = 3SE +/- 0.009, N = 310.7008.6998.694

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 1MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 10918273645SE +/- 0.17, N = 3SE +/- 0.06, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 341.435.335.4

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101122334455SE +/- 0.19, N = 3SE +/- 0.06, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 350.044.844.8

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: No - Block Size: 4MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101122334455SE +/- 0.56, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.12, N = 347.344.844.7

Stress-NG

Stress-NG is a Linux stress tool developed by Colin King of Canonical. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgBogo Ops/s, More Is BetterStress-NG 0.11.07Test: Semaphoresbalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 1050K100K150K200K250KSE +/- 551.29, N = 3SE +/- 304.46, N = 3SE +/- 269.49, N = 3215144.84227630.58227434.14-lz-lz1. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -std=gnu99 -lm -lcrypt -lrt -ldl -lpthread -lc

Flexible IO Tester

Fio is an advanced disk benchmark that depends upon the kernel's AIO access library. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: No - Block Size: 4MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101224364860SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 355.452.652.6

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101224364860SE +/- 0.09, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 355.452.852.7

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: No - Block Size: 1MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 10918273645SE +/- 0.20, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 337.135.335.4

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: No - Block Size: 4MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101224364860SE +/- 0.15, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 355.152.652.6

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101020304050SE +/- 0.30, N = 340.341.041.0

GNU GMP GMPbench

GMPbench is a test of the GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic (GMP) Library. GMPbench is a single-threaded integer benchmark that leverages the GMP library to stress the CPU with widening integer multiplication. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgGMPbench Score, More Is BetterGNU GMP GMPbench 6.2.1Total Timebalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 10110220330440550473.26488.83491.011. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -lm

Flexible IO Tester

Fio is an advanced disk benchmark that depends upon the kernel's AIO access library. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: No - Block Size: 1MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101020304050SE +/- 0.12, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 345.443.843.8

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101224364860SE +/- 0.40, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 354.452.652.7

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: No - Block Size: 64KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101020304050SE +/- 0.21, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 340.942.142.1

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: No - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101020304050SE +/- 0.22, N = 341.142.041.0

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 1MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101020304050SE +/- 0.28, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 344.845.845.8

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO TesterType: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 102K4K6K8K10KSE +/- 33.33, N = 3105001073310700

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 64KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101020304050SE +/- 0.12, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 341.242.142.1

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO TesterType: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: No - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 102K4K6K8K10KSE +/- 33.33, N = 3SE +/- 33.33, N = 3105331073310700

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 1MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101020304050SE +/- 0.06, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 344.643.843.8

Dbench

Dbench is a benchmark designed by the Samba project as a free alternative to netbench, but dbench contains only file-system calls for testing the disk performance. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterDbench 4.0Client Count: 12balena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 1020406080100SE +/- 0.36, N = 3SE +/- 0.74, N = 3SE +/- 1.02, N = 389.8988.4989.11

Flexible IO Tester

Fio is an advanced disk benchmark that depends upon the kernel's AIO access library. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: No - Block Size: 4MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101224364860SE +/- 0.17, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 354.455.255.2

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 64KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 10714212835SE +/- 0.29, N = 12SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 327.728.128.1

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: No - Block Size: 1MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101020304050SE +/- 0.12, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 344.443.843.8

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101224364860SE +/- 0.09, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 354.655.255.2

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: No - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorytest2balena suite on Raspbian 102K4K6K8K10K1080010700

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: No - Block Size: 1MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101020304050SE +/- 0.06, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 345.445.845.8

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 1MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 101020304050SE +/- 0.62, N = 3SE +/- 0.06, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 343.643.743.8

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorytest2balena suite on Raspbian 102K4K6K8K10KSE +/- 33.33, N = 3SE +/- 33.33, N = 31073310733

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorytest2balena suite on Raspbian 102K4K6K8K10KSE +/- 33.33, N = 3SE +/- 33.33, N = 31026710267

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: No - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorytest2balena suite on Raspbian 102K4K6K8K10K1030010300

Stress-NG

Stress-NG is a Linux stress tool developed by Colin King of Canonical. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgBogo Ops/s, More Is BetterStress-NG 0.11.07Test: System V Message Passingbalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 10130K260K390K520K650KSE +/- 13704.40, N = 15SE +/- 10638.13, N = 15SE +/- 10335.02, N = 15461075.79586437.72599921.73-lz-lz1. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -std=gnu99 -lm -lcrypt -lrt -ldl -lpthread -lc

OpenBenchmarking.orgBogo Ops/s, More Is BetterStress-NG 0.11.07Test: Socket Activitybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 1080160240320400SE +/- 3.79, N = 15SE +/- 1.98, N = 3SE +/- 2.07, N = 3229.82375.91371.83-lz-lz1. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -std=gnu99 -lm -lcrypt -lrt -ldl -lpthread -lc

MBW

This is a basic/simple memory (RAM) bandwidth benchmark for memory copy operations. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterMBW 2018-09-08Test: Memory Copy - Array Size: 128 MiBbalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 105001000150020002500SE +/- 20.71, N = 15SE +/- 1.69, N = 3SE +/- 3.41, N = 31082.392478.252485.931. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -march=native

Tinymembench

This benchmark tests the system memory (RAM) performance. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterTinymembench 2018-05-28Standard Memsetbalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 107001400210028003500SE +/- 93.39, N = 9SE +/- 3.73, N = 3SE +/- 1.11, N = 32569.73338.33345.11. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -lm

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterTinymembench 2018-05-28Standard Memcpybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 106001200180024003000SE +/- 90.75, N = 9SE +/- 2.55, N = 3SE +/- 2.48, N = 31647.32662.22668.41. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -lm

Flexible IO Tester

Fio is an advanced disk benchmark that depends upon the kernel's AIO access library. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: Yes - Direct: No - Block Size: 64KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 10714212835SE +/- 1.19, N = 12SE +/- 0.37, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 326.427.728.1

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 64KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 10918273645SE +/- 0.46, N = 15SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.09, N = 325.938.238.1

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.12Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directorybalena suite in containertest2balena suite on Raspbian 103691215SE +/- 0.327, N = 15SE +/- 0.120, N = 3SE +/- 0.000, N = 35.36712.60012.500

57 Results Shown

Flexible IO Tester:
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 4KB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 4KB - Default Test Directory
MBW:
  Memory Copy, Fixed Block Size - 1024 MiB
  Memory Copy, Fixed Block Size - 128 MiB
  Memory Copy - 1024 MiB
  Memory Copy, Fixed Block Size - 512 MiB
  Memory Copy - 512 MiB
Stress-NG:
  Glibc C String Functions
  Malloc
  Crypto
  Forking
Dbench
Flexible IO Tester:
  Rand Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 4KB - Default Test Directory
  Rand Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 64KB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 64KB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 64KB - Default Test Directory
  Rand Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 4KB - Default Test Directory
Stress-NG
Flexible IO Tester:
  Rand Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 4KB - Default Test Directory
  Rand Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 1MB - Default Test Directory
  Rand Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 4MB - Default Test Directory
  Rand Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 4MB - Default Test Directory
Stress-NG
Flexible IO Tester:
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 4MB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 4MB - Default Test Directory
  Rand Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 1MB - Default Test Directory
  Rand Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 4MB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 4KB - Default Test Directory
GNU GMP GMPbench
Flexible IO Tester:
  Rand Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 1MB - Default Test Directory
  Rand Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 4MB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 64KB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 4KB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 1MB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 4KB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 64KB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 4KB - Default Test Directory
  Rand Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 1MB - Default Test Directory
Dbench
Flexible IO Tester:
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 4MB - Default Test Directory
  Rand Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 64KB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 1MB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 4MB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 4KB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 1MB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 1MB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - Yes - Yes - 4KB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 4KB - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - Linux AIO - No - No - 4KB - Default Test Directory
Stress-NG:
  System V Message Passing
  Socket Activity
MBW
Tinymembench:
  Standard Memset
  Standard Memcpy
Flexible IO Tester:
  Rand Read - Linux AIO - Yes - No - 64KB - Default Test Directory
  Rand Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 64KB - Default Test Directory
  Rand Read - Linux AIO - No - Yes - 4KB - Default Test Directory

balena suite in container

Processor: ARMv8 Cortex-A72 @ 1.50GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: BCM2835 Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.1, Memory: 4096MB, Disk: 32GB SP32G

OS: Raspbian GNU/Linux 10, Kernel: 5.4.83-v8 (aarch64), Compiler: GCC 8.3.0, File-System: overlayfs, System Layer: Docker

Kernel Notes: snd_bcm2835.enable_compat_alsa=0 snd_bcm2835.enable_hdmi=1
Compiler Notes: --build=arm-linux-gnueabihf --disable-libitm --disable-libquadmath --disable-libquadmath-support --disable-sjlj-exceptions --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --program-prefix=arm-linux-gnueabihf- --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf --with-arch=armv6 --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-float=hard --with-fpu=vfp --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-target-system-zlib -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: cpufreq-dt ondemand
Python Notes: Python 3.7.3
Security Notes: itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + spec_store_bypass: Vulnerable + spectre_v1: Mitigation of __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Vulnerable + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected

Testing initiated at 19 April 2021 11:25 by user root.

test2

Kernel Notes: snd_bcm2835.enable_compat_alsa=0 snd_bcm2835.enable_hdmi=1
Compiler Notes: --build=arm-linux-gnueabihf --disable-libitm --disable-libquadmath --disable-libquadmath-support --disable-sjlj-exceptions --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --program-prefix=arm-linux-gnueabihf- --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf --with-arch=armv6 --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-float=hard --with-fpu=vfp --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-target-system-zlib -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: cpufreq-dt ondemand
Disk Mount Options Notes: noatime,rw
Disk Details Notes: Block Size: 4096

Testing initiated at 19 April 2021 22:51 by user pi.

balena suite on Raspbian 10

Processor: ARMv7 Cortex-A72 @ 1.50GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: BCM2711 Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.1, Memory: 4096MB, Disk: 32GB SP32G

OS: Raspbian 10, Kernel: 5.10.17-v7l+ (armv7l), Compiler: GCC 8.3.0, File-System: ext4

Kernel Notes: snd_bcm2835.enable_compat_alsa=0 snd_bcm2835.enable_hdmi=1
Compiler Notes: --build=arm-linux-gnueabihf --disable-libitm --disable-libquadmath --disable-libquadmath-support --disable-sjlj-exceptions --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --program-prefix=arm-linux-gnueabihf- --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf --with-arch=armv6 --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-float=hard --with-fpu=vfp --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-target-system-zlib -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: cpufreq-dt ondemand
Disk Mount Options Notes: noatime,rw
Disk Details Notes: Block Size: 4096

Testing initiated at 20 April 2021 08:47 by user pi.