ZFS SSD Benchmark: RAW IMAGE vs QCOW2 vs ZVOL for KVM
This benchmark show’s the performance of a zfs pool
providing storage to a kvm virtual machine with three different formats:
raw image files on plain dataset
qcow2 image file on plain dataset
zvol
For each of those several filesystem benchmarks from the phoronix-benchmark-suite are run with two different recordsizes:
8k
64k
Host Details:
cpu: Intel® Xeon® CPU E5320 @ 1.86GHz
ram: 6GB DDR2
sata: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB SATA AHCI Controller (rev 09
os: Debian GNU/Linux 9.4 (stretch), fully upgraded as of 2018-03-15
zfs: 0.7.6-1~bpo9+1 (from stretch-backports)
ssd: 2x samsung 840 pro 256GB
KVM machine:
cpu: host
ram: 1024MB
disk: bus=scsi,cache=writeback,io=threads
os: Debian GNU/Linux 9.1 (stretch)
fs: ext4
The zfs pool used consists of a single mirrored vdev with samsung 840 pro ssd’s.
Each benchmark is run like this:
drop all caches
trim whole ssd’s
create zfs pool (ashift=13,compression=lz4,atime=on,relatime=on
benchmark,devices=off,exec=off,setuid=off,xattr=off)
create disk:
qemu-img create -f raw debian9.raw 50G
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o cluster_size=8k,preallocation=metadata,compat=1.1,lazy_refcounts=on debian9.qcow2 50G
zfs create -o volblocksize=8k -V 50G benchmark/kvm/debian9
create kvm machine
take timestamp
let debian9 install automatically
save install time
install phoronix-test-suite and needed dependencies in the vm
run the pts
trim the filesystem and save the time it took
copy the results to the kvm host
destroy vm and zpool
other test results:
8k_raw - install time: 619s, trim: 39.401s
64k raw - install time: 589s, trim: 0m9.593s
8k qcow2 - install time: 615s, trim: 1m45.421s
64k qcow2 - install time: 590s, trim: 0m7.598s
8k zvol - install time: 621s, trim: 0m11.353s
64k zvol - install time: 605s
zfs ssd mirror, ashift=13, recordsize 64k, qcow2 image
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-vtable-verify --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libmpx --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib --with-tune=generic -v
Disk Notes: CFQ / data=ordered,errors=remount-ro,relatime,rw
System Notes: Python 2.7.13.
zfs ssd mirror, ashift=13, recordsize 64k, raw image
zfs ssd mirror, ashift=13, recordsize 64k, zvol
zfs ssd mirror, ashift=13, recordsize 8k, qcow2 image
zfs ssd mirror, ashift=13, recordsize 8k, raw image
zfs ssd mirror, ashift=13, recordsize 8k, zvol
Processor: 8 x Intel Celeron_4x0 (Conroe/Merom Class Core 2) @ 1.86GHz (8 Cores), Motherboard: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX 1996), Chipset: Intel 440FX- 82441FX PMC, Memory: 1 x 1024 MB RAM QEMU, Disk: 54GB QEMU HDD, Graphics: Cirrus Logic GD 5446, Network: Realtek RTL-8100/8101L/8139
OS: Debian 9.1, Kernel: 4.9.0-4-amd64 (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 6.3.0 20170516, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1024x768, System Layer: qemu
AIO-Stress
AIO-Stress is an a-synchronous I/O benchmark created by SuSE. Current this profile uses a 2048MB test file and a 64KB record size. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.
Flexible IO Tester
Dbench
Dbench is a benchmark designed by the Samba project as a free alternative to netbench, but dbench contains only file-system calls for testing the disk performance. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.
IOzone
Compile Bench
Compilebench tries to age a filesystem by simulating some of the disk IO common in creating, compiling, patching, stating and reading kernel trees. It indirectly measures how well filesystems can maintain directory locality as the disk fills up and directories age. This current test is setup to use the makej mode with 10 initial directories Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.
zfs ssd mirror, ashift=13, recordsize 64k, qcow2 image
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-vtable-verify --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libmpx --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib --with-tune=generic -v
Disk Notes: CFQ / data=ordered,errors=remount-ro,relatime,rw
System Notes: Python 2.7.13.
Testing initiated at 17 March 2018 09:29 by user root.
zfs ssd mirror, ashift=13, recordsize 64k, raw image
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-vtable-verify --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libmpx --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib --with-tune=generic -v
Disk Notes: CFQ / data=ordered,errors=remount-ro,relatime,rw
System Notes: Python 2.7.13.
Testing initiated at 16 March 2018 10:57 by user root.
zfs ssd mirror, ashift=13, recordsize 64k, zvol
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-vtable-verify --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libmpx --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib --with-tune=generic -v
Disk Notes: CFQ / data=ordered,errors=remount-ro,relatime,rw
System Notes: Python 2.7.13.
Testing initiated at 18 March 2018 15:45 by user root.
zfs ssd mirror, ashift=13, recordsize 8k, qcow2 image
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-vtable-verify --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libmpx --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib --with-tune=generic -v
Disk Notes: CFQ / data=ordered,errors=remount-ro,relatime,rw
System Notes: Python 2.7.13.
Testing initiated at 16 March 2018 17:39 by user root.
zfs ssd mirror, ashift=13, recordsize 8k, raw image
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-vtable-verify --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libmpx --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib --with-tune=generic -v
Disk Notes: CFQ / data=ordered,errors=remount-ro,relatime,rw
System Notes: Python 2.7.13.
Testing initiated at 15 March 2018 18:44 by user root.
zfs ssd mirror, ashift=13, recordsize 8k, zvol
Processor: 8 x Intel Celeron_4x0 (Conroe/Merom Class Core 2) @ 1.86GHz (8 Cores), Motherboard: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX 1996), Chipset: Intel 440FX- 82441FX PMC, Memory: 1 x 1024 MB RAM QEMU, Disk: 54GB QEMU HDD, Graphics: Cirrus Logic GD 5446, Network: Realtek RTL-8100/8101L/8139
OS: Debian 9.1, Kernel: 4.9.0-4-amd64 (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 6.3.0 20170516, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1024x768, System Layer: qemu
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-vtable-verify --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libmpx --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib --with-tune=generic -v
Disk Notes: CFQ / data=ordered,errors=remount-ro,relatime,rw
System Notes: Python 2.7.13.
Testing initiated at 17 March 2018 16:46 by user root.