Testing by Michael Larabel of Phoronix for a future article on Phoronix of the Intel Bay Trail NUC Kit Celeron SoC and other hardware while running Ubuntu Linux.
Processor: ARMv7 rev 10 @ 1.00GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: Compulab CM-FX6, Memory: 2048MB, Disk: 32GB SanDisk SSD U100, Graphics: GC2000 Engine, Network: Intel I211 Gigabit Connection
OS: Ubuntu 12.04, Kernel: 3.0.35-cm-fx6-5.1 (armv7l), Desktop: GNOME 3.2.1, Display Server: X Server 1.11.3, OpenGL: 2.1, Compiler: GCC 4.6, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080
Compiler Notes: --build=arm-linux-gnueabi --disable-sjlj-exceptions --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=arm-linux-gnueabi --target=arm-linux-gnueabi --with-arch=armv7-a --with-float=softfp --with-fpu=vfpv3-d16 --with-mode=thumb -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: imx ondemand
Processor: Intel Atom Z530 @ 1.60GHz (2 Cores), Motherboard: Intel SBC-FITPC2, Chipset: Intel Hub + SCH, Memory: 1024MB, Disk: 160GB Hitachi HTS54501, Graphics: Intel Hub (SCH Poulsbo), Audio: Realtek ALC260, Monitor: DELL S2409W, Network: Realtek RTL8111/8168B + Ralink RT3090 Wireless 802.11n 1T/1R
OS: Ubuntu 12.04, Kernel: 3.8.0-29-generic (i686), Display Driver: modesetting 0.7.0, Compiler: GCC 4.6, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080
Compiler Notes: --build=i686-linux-gnu --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-targets=all --enable-threads=posix --host=i686-linux-gnu --target=i686-linux-gnu --with-arch-32=i686 --with-tune=generic -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq ondemand
Processor: ARMv7 rev 0 @ 1.00GHz (2 Cores), Motherboard: trimslice, Memory: 593MB, Disk: 250GB Samsung HM251HI, Graphics: NVIDIA TEGRA, Monitor: DELL S2409W, Network: Realtek RTL8111/8168B
OS: Ubuntu 12.04, Kernel: 3.1.10-l4t.r16.01 (armv7l), Compiler: GCC 4.6, File-System: ext2, Screen Resolution: 1366x1536
Compiler Notes: --build=arm-linux-gnueabihf --disable-sjlj-exceptions --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf --with-arch=armv7-a --with-float=hard --with-fpu=vfpv3-d16 --with-mode=thumb -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: tegra ondemand
Processor: Intel Core i7-3517UE @ 2.10GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: CompuLab Intense-PC, Chipset: Intel Ivy Bridge DRAM, Memory: 8192MB, Disk: 500GB Hitachi HCC54755, Graphics: Intel Ivy Bridge (1000MHz), Audio: Realtek ALC888, Monitor: DELL S2409W, Network: Intel 82579LM Gigabit Connection + Realtek RTL8188CE 802.11b/g/n
OS: Ubuntu 12.04, Kernel: 3.8.0-29-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 5.20.0, Display Server: X Server 1.13.3, Display Driver: intel 2.21.6, OpenGL: 3.0 Mesa 9.1.4, Compiler: GCC 4.6, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-arch-32=i686 --with-tune=generic -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq ondemand
Processor: Intel Core i3 370M @ 2.40GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: ASRock HM55-MXM, Chipset: Intel Core DRAM, Memory: 4096MB, Disk: 500GB Western Digital WD5000BEKT-8, Graphics: NVIDIA GeForce GT 425M 512MB (202/324MHz), Audio: Realtek ALC889A, Monitor: DELL S2409W, Network: Realtek RTL8111/8168B + Atheros AR9287 Wireless
OS: Ubuntu 12.04, Kernel: 3.8.0-29-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 5.20.0, Display Server: X Server 1.13.3, Display Driver: nouveau 1.0.7, OpenGL: 3.0 Mesa 9.1.4 Gallium 0.4, Compiler: GCC 4.6, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080
Processor: Intel Core i3 330M @ 2.13GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: ASRock HM55-HT, Chipset: Intel Core DRAM, Memory: 4096MB, Disk: 500GB Seagate ST9500325AS, Graphics: Intel Core IGP, Audio: VIA VT2020, Monitor: DELL S2409W, Network: Realtek RTL8111/8168B + Atheros AR9287 Wireless
OS: Ubuntu 12.04, Kernel: 3.8.0-29-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 5.20.0, Display Server: X Server 1.13.3, Display Driver: intel 2.21.6, OpenGL: 2.1 Mesa 9.1.4, Compiler: GCC 4.6, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080
Processor: Intel Celeron N2820 @ 1.60GHz (2 Cores), Motherboard: Intel DN2820FYK, Chipset: Intel ValleyView SSA-CUnit, Memory: 8192MB, Disk: 60GB OCZ VERTEX2, Graphics: Intel ValleyView Gen7 (708MHz), Audio: Realtek ALC283, Network: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 + Intel Wireless 7260
OS: Ubuntu 13.10, Kernel: 3.14.0-999-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 7.1.2, Display Server: X Server 1.14.5, Display Driver: intel 2.99.909, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 10.2.0-devel (git-57f94bf saucy-oibaf-ppa), Compiler: GCC 4.8, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate performance
Processor: Unknown (1 Core), Disk: 4GB
OS: Debian Linux 6.0.8, Kernel: 3.8.7-yocto-standard (i686), Desktop: GNOME, Display Server: Wayland Weston + SurfaceFlinger + GNOME Shell Wayland, Compiler: GCC 4.4.5, File-System: ext2/ext3
Compiler Notes: --build=i486-linux-gnu --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-multiarch --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-shared --enable-targets=all --enable-threads=posix --host=i486-linux-gnu --target=i486-linux-gnu --with-arch-32=i586 --with-tune=generic -v
Compiler Notes: --build=i686-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-libmudflap --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-targets=all --enable-threads=posix --host=i686-linux-gnu --target=i686-linux-gnu --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=i386 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate performance
Processor: Intel Atom E3815 @ 1.10GHz (1 Core), Motherboard: AMI Aptio CRB, Chipset: Intel ValleyView SSA-CUnit, Memory: 1 x 2048 MB DDR3-1600MHz Transcend, Disk: 16GB SQF-SMSS4-16G-S8, Graphics: Intel ValleyView Gen7 (397MHz), Audio: Realtek ALC892, Network: Intel I210 Gigabit Connection + Qualcomm Atheros AR9462 Wireless
OS: Ubuntu 14.04, Kernel: 3.13.6 (i686), Desktop: LXDE 0.6.1, Display Server: X Server 1.15.1, Display Driver: intel 2.99.910, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 10.1.3, Compiler: GCC 4.8.2, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080
This test runs the ANSI C version of SciMark 2.0, which is a benchmark for scientific and numerical computing developed by programmers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This test is made up of Fast Foruier Transform, Jacobi Successive Over-relaxation, Monte Carlo, Sparse Matrix Multiply, and dense LU matrix factorization benchmarks. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.
LAME is an MP3 encoder licensed under the LGPL. This test measures the time required to encode a WAV file to MP3 format. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.
The Himeno benchmark is a linear solver of pressure Poisson using a point-Jacobi method. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.
Dolfyn is a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code of modern numerical simulation techniques. The Dolfyn test profile measures the execution time of the bundled computational fluid dynamics demos that are bundled with Dolfyn. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.
This is a test of the OpenMP version of a test that solves the N-queens problem. The board problem size is 18. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.
This is a test of C-Ray, a simple raytracer designed to test the floating-point CPU performance. This test is multi-threaded (16 threads per core), will shoot 8 rays per pixel for anti-aliasing, and will generate a 1600 x 1200 image. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.
Smallpt is a C++ global illumination renderer written in less than 100 lines of code. Global illumination is done via unbiased Monte Carlo path tracing and there is multi-threading support via the OpenMP library. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.
Processor: ARMv7 rev 10 @ 1.00GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: Compulab CM-FX6, Memory: 2048MB, Disk: 32GB SanDisk SSD U100, Graphics: GC2000 Engine, Network: Intel I211 Gigabit Connection
OS: Ubuntu 12.04, Kernel: 3.0.35-cm-fx6-5.1 (armv7l), Desktop: GNOME 3.2.1, Display Server: X Server 1.11.3, OpenGL: 2.1, Compiler: GCC 4.6, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080
Compiler Notes: --build=arm-linux-gnueabi --disable-sjlj-exceptions --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=arm-linux-gnueabi --target=arm-linux-gnueabi --with-arch=armv7-a --with-float=softfp --with-fpu=vfpv3-d16 --with-mode=thumb -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: imx ondemand
Testing initiated at 23 January 2014 15:00 by user utilite.
Processor: Intel Atom Z530 @ 1.60GHz (2 Cores), Motherboard: Intel SBC-FITPC2, Chipset: Intel Hub + SCH, Memory: 1024MB, Disk: 160GB Hitachi HTS54501, Graphics: Intel Hub (SCH Poulsbo), Audio: Realtek ALC260, Monitor: DELL S2409W, Network: Realtek RTL8111/8168B + Ralink RT3090 Wireless 802.11n 1T/1R
OS: Ubuntu 12.04, Kernel: 3.8.0-29-generic (i686), Display Driver: modesetting 0.7.0, Compiler: GCC 4.6, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080
Compiler Notes: --build=i686-linux-gnu --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-targets=all --enable-threads=posix --host=i686-linux-gnu --target=i686-linux-gnu --with-arch-32=i686 --with-tune=generic -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq ondemand
Testing initiated at 23 January 2014 22:54 by user phoronix.
Processor: ARMv7 rev 0 @ 1.00GHz (2 Cores), Motherboard: trimslice, Memory: 593MB, Disk: 250GB Samsung HM251HI, Graphics: NVIDIA TEGRA, Monitor: DELL S2409W, Network: Realtek RTL8111/8168B
OS: Ubuntu 12.04, Kernel: 3.1.10-l4t.r16.01 (armv7l), Compiler: GCC 4.6, File-System: ext2, Screen Resolution: 1366x1536
Compiler Notes: --build=arm-linux-gnueabihf --disable-sjlj-exceptions --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf --with-arch=armv7-a --with-float=hard --with-fpu=vfpv3-d16 --with-mode=thumb -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: tegra ondemand
Testing initiated at 25 January 2014 05:38 by user phoronix.
Processor: Intel Core i7-3517UE @ 2.10GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: CompuLab Intense-PC, Chipset: Intel Ivy Bridge DRAM, Memory: 8192MB, Disk: 500GB Hitachi HCC54755, Graphics: Intel Ivy Bridge (1000MHz), Audio: Realtek ALC888, Monitor: DELL S2409W, Network: Intel 82579LM Gigabit Connection + Realtek RTL8188CE 802.11b/g/n
OS: Ubuntu 12.04, Kernel: 3.8.0-29-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 5.20.0, Display Server: X Server 1.13.3, Display Driver: intel 2.21.6, OpenGL: 3.0 Mesa 9.1.4, Compiler: GCC 4.6, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-arch-32=i686 --with-tune=generic -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq ondemand
Testing initiated at 25 January 2014 11:19 by user phoronix.
Processor: Intel Core i3 370M @ 2.40GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: ASRock HM55-MXM, Chipset: Intel Core DRAM, Memory: 4096MB, Disk: 500GB Western Digital WD5000BEKT-8, Graphics: NVIDIA GeForce GT 425M 512MB (202/324MHz), Audio: Realtek ALC889A, Monitor: DELL S2409W, Network: Realtek RTL8111/8168B + Atheros AR9287 Wireless
OS: Ubuntu 12.04, Kernel: 3.8.0-29-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 5.20.0, Display Server: X Server 1.13.3, Display Driver: nouveau 1.0.7, OpenGL: 3.0 Mesa 9.1.4 Gallium 0.4, Compiler: GCC 4.6, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-arch-32=i686 --with-tune=generic -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq ondemand
Testing initiated at 26 January 2014 22:25 by user phoronix.
Processor: Intel Core i3 330M @ 2.13GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: ASRock HM55-HT, Chipset: Intel Core DRAM, Memory: 4096MB, Disk: 500GB Seagate ST9500325AS, Graphics: Intel Core IGP, Audio: VIA VT2020, Monitor: DELL S2409W, Network: Realtek RTL8111/8168B + Atheros AR9287 Wireless
OS: Ubuntu 12.04, Kernel: 3.8.0-29-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 5.20.0, Display Server: X Server 1.13.3, Display Driver: intel 2.21.6, OpenGL: 2.1 Mesa 9.1.4, Compiler: GCC 4.6, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-arch-32=i686 --with-tune=generic -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq ondemand
Testing initiated at 27 January 2014 12:52 by user phoronix.
Processor: Intel Celeron N2820 @ 1.60GHz (2 Cores), Motherboard: Intel DN2820FYK, Chipset: Intel ValleyView SSA-CUnit, Memory: 8192MB, Disk: 60GB OCZ VERTEX2, Graphics: Intel ValleyView Gen7 (708MHz), Audio: Realtek ALC283, Network: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 + Intel Wireless 7260
OS: Ubuntu 13.10, Kernel: 3.14.0-999-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 7.1.2, Display Server: X Server 1.14.5, Display Driver: intel 2.99.909, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 10.2.0-devel (git-57f94bf saucy-oibaf-ppa), Compiler: GCC 4.8, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080
Compiler Notes: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate performance
Testing initiated at 7 February 2014 10:33 by user phoronix.
Processor: Unknown (1 Core), Disk: 4GB
OS: Debian Linux 6.0.8, Kernel: 3.8.7-yocto-standard (i686), Desktop: GNOME, Display Server: Wayland Weston + SurfaceFlinger + GNOME Shell Wayland, Compiler: GCC 4.4.5, File-System: ext2/ext3
Compiler Notes: --build=i486-linux-gnu --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-multiarch --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-shared --enable-targets=all --enable-threads=posix --host=i486-linux-gnu --target=i486-linux-gnu --with-arch-32=i586 --with-tune=generic -v
Testing initiated at 14 February 2014 09:27 by user root.
Compiler Notes: --build=i686-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-libmudflap --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-targets=all --enable-threads=posix --host=i686-linux-gnu --target=i686-linux-gnu --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=i386 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate performance
Testing initiated at 15 July 2014 04:03 by user root.
Processor: Intel Atom E3815 @ 1.10GHz (1 Core), Motherboard: AMI Aptio CRB, Chipset: Intel ValleyView SSA-CUnit, Memory: 1 x 2048 MB DDR3-1600MHz Transcend, Disk: 16GB SQF-SMSS4-16G-S8, Graphics: Intel ValleyView Gen7 (397MHz), Audio: Realtek ALC892, Network: Intel I210 Gigabit Connection + Qualcomm Atheros AR9462 Wireless
OS: Ubuntu 14.04, Kernel: 3.13.6 (i686), Desktop: LXDE 0.6.1, Display Server: X Server 1.15.1, Display Driver: intel 2.99.910, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 10.1.3, Compiler: GCC 4.8.2, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080
Compiler Notes: --build=i686-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-libmudflap --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-targets=all --enable-threads=posix --host=i686-linux-gnu --target=i686-linux-gnu --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=i386 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic -v
Processor Notes: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate performance
Testing initiated at 18 July 2014 05:01 by user root.