Bcachefs Linux 6.7 Benchmarks

Bcachefs benchmarks by Michael Larabel for a future article.

Compare your own system(s) to this result file with the Phoronix Test Suite by running the command: phoronix-test-suite benchmark 2311036-NE-BCACHEFSL97
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Identifier
Performance Per
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Date
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  Test
  Duration
Bcachefs
November 01 2023
  8 Hours, 55 Minutes
EXT4
November 02 2023
  7 Hours, 15 Minutes
Btrfs
November 02 2023
  8 Hours, 19 Minutes
F2FS
November 03 2023
  6 Hours, 32 Minutes
XFS
November 03 2023
  5 Hours, 51 Minutes
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  7 Hours, 23 Minutes

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Bcachefs Linux 6.7 BenchmarksOpenBenchmarking.orgPhoronix Test SuiteAMD Ryzen 9 7950X 16-Core @ 5.88GHz (16 Cores / 32 Threads)ASUS ROG STRIX X670E-E GAMING WIFI (1416 BIOS)AMD Device 14d82 x 16 GB DDR5-6000MT/s F5-6000J3038F16G2000GB Samsung SSD 980 PRO 2TB + 2048GB SOLIDIGM SSDPFKKW020X7AMD Radeon 16GB (2124/1218MHz)AMD Navi 31 HDMI/DPASUS MG28UIntel I225-V + Intel Wi-Fi 6 AX210/AX211/AX411Ubuntu 23.106.6.0-phx-bcachefs (x86_64)GNOME Shell 45.0X Server4.6 Mesa 23.2.1-1ubuntu3 (LLVM 15.0.7 DRM 3.54)GCC 13.2.0 + LLVM 16.0.6BcacheFSext4btrfsf2fsxfs3840x2160ProcessorMotherboardChipsetMemoryDiskGraphicsAudioMonitorNetworkOSKernelDesktopDisplay ServerOpenGLCompilerFile-SystemsScreen ResolutionBcachefs Linux 6.7 Benchmarks PerformanceSystem Logs- Transparent Huge Pages: madvise- --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-cet --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --enable-libphobos-checking=release --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-link-serialization=2 --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-offload-defaulted --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,amdgcn-amdhsa=/build/gcc-13-XYspKM/gcc-13-13.2.0/debian/tmp-gcn/usr --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib=auto --with-tune=generic --without-cuda-driver -v - Bcachefs: NONE / errors=remount-ro,relatime,rw / Block Size: 512- EXT4: NONE / errors=remount-ro,relatime,rw / Block Size: 4096- Btrfs: NONE / errors=remount-ro,relatime,rw / Block Size: 4096- F2FS: NONE / errors=remount-ro,relatime,rw / Block Size: 4096- XFS: NONE / errors=remount-ro,relatime,rw / Block Size: 4096- Scaling Governor: amd-pstate-epp powersave (EPP: balance_performance) - CPU Microcode: 0xa601203 - OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.20+8-post-Ubuntu-1ubuntu1)- Bcachefs: Python 3.11.6- gather_data_sampling: Not affected + itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + mmio_stale_data: Not affected + retbleed: Not affected + spec_rstack_overflow: Vulnerable: Safe RET no microcode + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced / Automatic IBRS IBPB: conditional STIBP: always-on RSB filling PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected

BcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFSLogarithmic Result OverviewPhoronix Test SuiteApplication Start-up TimePostgreSQLFS-MarkFlexible IO TesterSQLiteClickHousenginxDuckDBApache IoTDB

Bcachefs Linux 6.7 Benchmarksfio: Rand Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 8 - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 8 - Default Test Directorystartup-time: Seq Reads + Writes - xterm - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 1 - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 8 - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 1 - Default Test Directorystartup-time: Seq Reads + Writes - LibreOffice Writer - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 1 - Default Test Directorystartup-time: Seq Reads + Writes - GNOME Terminal - Default Test Directorystartup-time: Only Seq Reads - LibreOffice Writer - Default Test Directorystartup-time: Only Seq Reads - GNOME Terminal - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 1 - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 8 - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 8 - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 1 - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 1 - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 8 - Default Test Directoryfio: Seq Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 8 - Default Test Directoryfio: Rand Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 8 - Default Test Directoryfs-mark: 1000 Files, 1MB Sizefs-mark: 5000 Files, 1MB Size, 4 Threadsfs-mark: 4000 Files, 32 Sub Dirs, 1MB Sizeduckdb: TPC-H Parquetnginx: 500apache-iotdb: 800 - 100 - 500 - 400apache-iotdb: 800 - 100 - 500 - 400clickhouse: 100M Rows Hits Dataset, First Run / Cold Cacheclickhouse: 100M Rows Hits Dataset, Second Runclickhouse: 100M Rows Hits Dataset, Third Runsqlite: 1sqlite: 2sqlite: 4pgbench: 1000 - 800 - Read Writepgbench: 1000 - 800 - Read Write - Average Latencystartup-time: Only Seq Reads - xterm - Default Test Directorysqlite: 8BcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS303113.71757780.24263976162400234853.740.48666724270.7273330.3820000.519000373504901.2824512461.6312311263.51632199.3651.6201.797.489173189.6166327842268.00212.92247.05246.2012.82818.95921.9337562108.2030.18177824.2854172.5310681670.20586137074613470066112.060.53177830560.6437780.4428890.4870562880276252.5931265559.4527805582.582791748.9981.6447.394.596176467.1166828851270.70239.03267.34266.497.61810.50013.2751963141.1400.16374118.7333162.168095131.00144252620795726184.311.9323430923.023472.148783.46144777606065.9830334728.9523644781.962391650.01993.6677.895.898164208.0968886304264.66236.45266.61270.8017.23527.00827.5713155125.3711.1276130.0104164.1910660320.1602783768893629846290.370.28155631450.3367780.2893330.3558332685576296.2231485615.7728085552.932776790.32258.2641.198.787174634.9470210625255.63237.60264.44268.579.33110.99516.9472785628.7290.17050018.0054140.3210599220.21358337542014079456165.180.57344430830.6617780.4436660.5188332991636237.2531185547.5327745499.9127505499.781151.81513.4235.293.109177367.2470190661258.41240.47270.38273.777.70410.19512.6194374918.2890.18152424.109OpenBenchmarking.org

Flexible IO Tester

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Random Read - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Job Count: 8 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS60K120K180K240K300KSE +/- 2910.36, N = 6SE +/- 46.08, N = 15SE +/- 8.01, N = 3SE +/- 48.15, N = 15SE +/- 53.06, N = 14303113.714172.533162.164164.194140.32MIN: 297377.67 / MAX: 317335.741. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Random Read - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Job Count: 8 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS200K400K600K800K1000KSE +/- 727.59, N = 6SE +/- 11797.21, N = 15SE +/- 2050.88, N = 3SE +/- 12325.85, N = 15SE +/- 13582.99, N = 1475778106816780951310660321059922MIN: 1039508.21 / MAX: 1230002.04MIN: 806653.2 / MAX: 813489.18MIN: 1026726.21 / MAX: 1230497.8MIN: 1022842.76 / MAX: 1231799.821. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

Application Start-up Time

This benchmark measures the start-up time of applications when there is some I/O in the background. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgsec, Fewer Is BetterApplication Start-up Time 3.4.0Background I/O Mix: Sequential Reads + Writes - Application To Start: xterm - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS0.22530.45060.67590.90121.1265SE +/- 0.002923, N = 12SE +/- 0.002191, N = 12SE +/- 0.009624, N = 3SE +/- 0.003985, N = 12SE +/- 0.004156, N = 120.2426390.2058611.0014400.1602780.213583

Flexible IO Tester

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Random Read - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Job Count: 1 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS80K160K240K320K400KSE +/- 569.75, N = 15SE +/- 2792.67, N = 3SE +/- 1602.80, N = 3SE +/- 811.99, N = 3SE +/- 2446.50, N = 376162370746252620376889375420MIN: 73658.17 / MAX: 80946.09MIN: 365747.42 / MAX: 375403.37MIN: 249668.66 / MAX: 255179.14MIN: 375794.76 / MAX: 378475.42MIN: 370802.87 / MAX: 379130.971. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Random Write - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Job Count: 8 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS300K600K900K1200K1500KSE +/- 566.87, N = 15SE +/- 16634.48, N = 15SE +/- 660.10, N = 15SE +/- 4136.29, N = 4SE +/- 717.34, N = 3400231347006795723629841407945MIN: 1239048.22 / MAX: 1414090.84MIN: 357966.22 / MAX: 375302.33MIN: 1406672.14 / MAX: 1409154.71. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Sequential Read - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 1 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS13002600390052006500SE +/- 140.63, N = 14SE +/- 33.48, N = 3SE +/- 70.88, N = 13SE +/- 67.61, N = 12SE +/- 70.33, N = 34853.746112.066184.316290.376165.18MIN: 4538.06 / MAX: 6621.81MIN: 6051.52 / MAX: 6167.11MIN: 6041.9 / MAX: 7020.39MIN: 6110.26 / MAX: 7018.12MIN: 6043.66 / MAX: 6287.31. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

Application Start-up Time

This benchmark measures the start-up time of applications when there is some I/O in the background. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgsec, Fewer Is BetterApplication Start-up Time 3.4.0Background I/O Mix: Sequential Reads + Writes - Application To Start: LibreOffice Writer - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS0.43480.86961.30441.73922.174SE +/- 0.004446, N = 6SE +/- 0.002452, N = 3SE +/- 0.011624, N = 3SE +/- 0.002724, N = 3SE +/- 0.003279, N = 30.4866670.5317781.9323400.2815560.573444

Flexible IO Tester

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Sequential Read - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 1 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS7001400210028003500SE +/- 70.31, N = 14SE +/- 16.74, N = 3SE +/- 35.44, N = 13SE +/- 33.81, N = 12SE +/- 35.16, N = 324273056309231453083MIN: 2269.02 / MAX: 3310.87MIN: 3025.76 / MAX: 3083.55MIN: 3020.94 / MAX: 3510.19MIN: 3055.12 / MAX: 3509.06MIN: 3021.83 / MAX: 3143.641. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

Application Start-up Time

This benchmark measures the start-up time of applications when there is some I/O in the background. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgsec, Fewer Is BetterApplication Start-up Time 3.4.0Background I/O Mix: Sequential Reads + Writes - Application To Start: GNOME Terminal - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS0.68031.36062.04092.72123.4015SE +/- 0.008395, N = 10SE +/- 0.008880, N = 3SE +/- 0.047895, N = 12SE +/- 0.012354, N = 9SE +/- 0.005964, N = 30.7273330.6437783.0234700.3367780.661778

OpenBenchmarking.orgsec, Fewer Is BetterApplication Start-up Time 3.4.0Background I/O Mix: Only Sequential Reads - Application To Start: LibreOffice Writer - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS0.48350.9671.45051.9342.4175SE +/- 0.002694, N = 3SE +/- 0.003318, N = 3SE +/- 0.022155, N = 3SE +/- 0.003355, N = 3SE +/- 0.003283, N = 30.3820000.4428892.1487800.2893330.443666

OpenBenchmarking.orgsec, Fewer Is BetterApplication Start-up Time 3.4.0Background I/O Mix: Only Sequential Reads - Application To Start: GNOME Terminal - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS0.77881.55762.33643.11523.894SE +/- 0.002775, N = 3SE +/- 0.003448, N = 12SE +/- 0.024813, N = 3SE +/- 0.008732, N = 12SE +/- 0.004053, N = 120.5190000.4870563.4614400.3558330.518833

Flexible IO Tester

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Random Write - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Job Count: 1 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS60K120K180K240K300KSE +/- 652.12, N = 15SE +/- 660.93, N = 3SE +/- 858.39, N = 15SE +/- 244.81, N = 3SE +/- 717.19, N = 33735028802777760268557299163MIN: 32943.45 / MAX: 40962.48MIN: 286852.76 / MAX: 289139.8MIN: 74100.36 / MAX: 85019.83MIN: 268068 / MAX: 268820.75MIN: 297780.74 / MAX: 300185.541. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Sequential Read - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 8 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS13002600390052006500SE +/- 50.05, N = 15SE +/- 64.89, N = 5SE +/- 41.29, N = 15SE +/- 50.62, N = 9SE +/- 67.10, N = 54901.286252.596065.986296.226237.25MIN: 4710.38 / MAX: 5357.72MIN: 6132.64 / MAX: 6500.51MIN: 5658.18 / MAX: 6484.12MIN: 6119.52 / MAX: 6673.78MIN: 6120.08 / MAX: 6500.261. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Sequential Read - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 8 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS7001400210028003500SE +/- 25.03, N = 15SE +/- 32.45, N = 5SE +/- 20.64, N = 15SE +/- 25.31, N = 9SE +/- 33.57, N = 524513126303331483118MIN: 2355.14 / MAX: 2678.79MIN: 3066.14 / MAX: 3250.13MIN: 2829.03 / MAX: 3241.97MIN: 3059.68 / MAX: 3336.7MIN: 3059.87 / MAX: 3250.071. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Sequential Write - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 1 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS12002400360048006000SE +/- 100.65, N = 15SE +/- 33.23, N = 3SE +/- 50.53, N = 5SE +/- 61.25, N = 4SE +/- 32.05, N = 32461.635559.454728.955615.775547.53MIN: 1772.46 / MAX: 3002.83MIN: 5495.61 / MAX: 5607.4MIN: 4530.31 / MAX: 4797.4MIN: 5501.73 / MAX: 5789.5MIN: 5483.6 / MAX: 5583.571. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Sequential Write - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 1 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS6001200180024003000SE +/- 50.33, N = 15SE +/- 16.62, N = 3SE +/- 25.26, N = 5SE +/- 30.62, N = 4SE +/- 16.02, N = 312312780236428082774MIN: 886.2 / MAX: 1501.38MIN: 2747.78 / MAX: 2803.68MIN: 2265.05 / MAX: 2398.5MIN: 2750.85 / MAX: 2894.73MIN: 2741.78 / MAX: 2791.751. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Sequential Write - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 8 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS12002400360048006000SE +/- 33.52, N = 15SE +/- 47.29, N = 3SE +/- 80.34, N = 15SE +/- 49.27, N = 7SE +/- 61.45, N = 51263.515582.584781.965552.935499.91MIN: 1131.89 / MAX: 1567MIN: 5499.3 / MAX: 5663.06MIN: 4419.75 / MAX: 5541.81MIN: 5467.43 / MAX: 5834.39MIN: 5410.39 / MAX: 5737.431. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgIOPS, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Sequential Write - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Job Count: 8 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS6001200180024003000SE +/- 16.76, N = 15SE +/- 23.64, N = 3SE +/- 40.17, N = 15SE +/- 24.62, N = 7SE +/- 30.72, N = 56322791239127762750MIN: 565.92 / MAX: 783.49MIN: 2749.5 / MAX: 2831.35MIN: 2209.68 / MAX: 2770.82MIN: 2733.64 / MAX: 2916.99MIN: 2705.07 / MAX: 2868.61. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiB/s, More Is BetterFlexible IO Tester 3.35Type: Random Write - Engine: IO_uring - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Job Count: 8 - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryXFS12002400360048006000SE +/- 2.80, N = 35499.78MIN: 5494.81 / MAX: 5504.511. (CC) gcc options: -rdynamic -ll -lnuma -lz -lm -laio -lpthread -ldl -std=gnu99 -ffast-math -include -O3 -fcommon -march=native

FS-Mark

FS_Mark is designed to test a system's file-system performance. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgFiles/s, More Is BetterFS-Mark 3.3Test: 1000 Files, 1MB SizeBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS2004006008001000SE +/- 1.04, N = 3SE +/- 6.83, N = 3SE +/- 18.54, N = 15SE +/- 8.77, N = 3SE +/- 2.38, N = 3199.3748.9650.0790.31151.8

OpenBenchmarking.orgFiles/s, More Is BetterFS-Mark 3.3Test: 5000 Files, 1MB Size, 4 ThreadsBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS5001000150020002500SE +/- 37.17, N = 9SE +/- 259.08, N = 9SE +/- 28.10, N = 3SE +/- 2.51, N = 3SE +/- 329.80, N = 9651.6981.61993.62258.21513.4

OpenBenchmarking.orgFiles/s, More Is BetterFS-Mark 3.3Test: 4000 Files, 32 Sub Dirs, 1MB SizeBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS150300450600750SE +/- 2.75, N = 3SE +/- 83.39, N = 12SE +/- 5.44, N = 12SE +/- 70.16, N = 14SE +/- 0.57, N = 3201.7447.3677.8641.1235.2

DuckDB

DuckDB is an in-progress SQL OLAP database management system optimized for analytics and features a vectorized and parallel engine. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterDuckDB 0.9.1Benchmark: TPC-H ParquetBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS20406080100SE +/- 0.58, N = 3SE +/- 0.09, N = 3SE +/- 0.37, N = 3SE +/- 0.57, N = 3SE +/- 0.19, N = 397.4994.6095.9098.7993.111. (CXX) g++ options: -O3 -rdynamic -lssl -lcrypto -ldl

nginx

This is a benchmark of the lightweight Nginx HTTP(S) web-server. This Nginx web server benchmark test profile makes use of the wrk program for facilitating the HTTP requests over a fixed period time with a configurable number of concurrent clients/connections. HTTPS with a self-signed OpenSSL certificate is used by this test for local benchmarking. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgRequests Per Second, More Is Betternginx 1.23.2Connections: 500BcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS40K80K120K160K200KSE +/- 265.35, N = 3SE +/- 175.02, N = 3SE +/- 53.17, N = 3SE +/- 105.74, N = 3SE +/- 287.75, N = 3173189.61176467.11164208.09174634.94177367.241. (CC) gcc options: -lluajit-5.1 -lm -lssl -lcrypto -lpthread -ldl -std=c99 -O2

Apache IoTDB

Apache IotDB is a time series database and this benchmark is facilitated using the IoT Benchmaark [https://github.com/thulab/iot-benchmark/]. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgpoint/sec, More Is BetterApache IoTDB 1.2Device Count: 800 - Batch Size Per Write: 100 - Sensor Count: 500 - Client Number: 400BcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS15M30M45M60M75MSE +/- 649405.71, N = 3SE +/- 480213.11, N = 12SE +/- 563599.21, N = 3SE +/- 155319.69, N = 3SE +/- 831053.70, N = 36632784266828851688863047021062570190661

OpenBenchmarking.orgAverage Latency, Fewer Is BetterApache IoTDB 1.2Device Count: 800 - Batch Size Per Write: 100 - Sensor Count: 500 - Client Number: 400BcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS60120180240300SE +/- 5.31, N = 3SE +/- 1.71, N = 12SE +/- 3.04, N = 3SE +/- 1.86, N = 3SE +/- 6.17, N = 3268.00270.70264.66255.63258.41MAX: 37923.24MAX: 32210.43MAX: 27208.91MAX: 26895.84MAX: 27048.64

ClickHouse

ClickHouse is an open-source, high performance OLAP data management system. This test profile uses ClickHouse's standard benchmark recommendations per https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/operations/performance-test/ / https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickBench/tree/main/clickhouse with the 100 million rows web analytics dataset. The reported value is the query processing time using the geometric mean of all separate queries performed as an aggregate. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgQueries Per Minute, Geo Mean, More Is BetterClickHouse 22.12.3.5100M Rows Hits Dataset, First Run / Cold CacheBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS50100150200250SE +/- 1.03, N = 3SE +/- 1.66, N = 3SE +/- 2.06, N = 8SE +/- 2.86, N = 4SE +/- 2.27, N = 7212.92239.03236.45237.60240.47MIN: 12.92 / MAX: 6666.67MIN: 12.72 / MAX: 7500MIN: 11.55 / MAX: 8571.43MIN: 12.66 / MAX: 8571.43MIN: 14.37 / MAX: 8571.43

OpenBenchmarking.orgQueries Per Minute, Geo Mean, More Is BetterClickHouse 22.12.3.5100M Rows Hits Dataset, Second RunBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS60120180240300SE +/- 1.20, N = 3SE +/- 2.43, N = 3SE +/- 1.97, N = 8SE +/- 1.40, N = 4SE +/- 0.57, N = 7247.05267.34266.61264.44270.38MIN: 16.58 / MAX: 8571.43MIN: 14.9 / MAX: 10000MIN: 14.4 / MAX: 12000MIN: 16.82 / MAX: 10000MIN: 15.02 / MAX: 10000

OpenBenchmarking.orgQueries Per Minute, Geo Mean, More Is BetterClickHouse 22.12.3.5100M Rows Hits Dataset, Third RunBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS60120180240300SE +/- 3.01, N = 3SE +/- 1.37, N = 3SE +/- 1.93, N = 8SE +/- 1.79, N = 4SE +/- 1.06, N = 7246.20266.49270.80268.57273.77MIN: 14.29 / MAX: 10000MIN: 14.91 / MAX: 7500MIN: 14.52 / MAX: 12000MIN: 14.87 / MAX: 10000MIN: 14.93 / MAX: 10000

SQLite

This is a simple benchmark of SQLite. At present this test profile just measures the time to perform a pre-defined number of insertions on an indexed database with a variable number of concurrent repetitions -- up to the maximum number of CPU threads available. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterSQLite 3.41.2Threads / Copies: 1BcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS48121620SE +/- 0.018, N = 3SE +/- 0.002, N = 3SE +/- 0.039, N = 3SE +/- 0.002, N = 3SE +/- 0.004, N = 312.8287.61817.2359.3317.7041. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -lz -lm

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterSQLite 3.41.2Threads / Copies: 2BcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS612182430SE +/- 0.14, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.17, N = 3SE +/- 0.13, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 318.9610.5027.0111.0010.201. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -lz -lm

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterSQLite 3.41.2Threads / Copies: 4BcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS612182430SE +/- 0.04, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.29, N = 3SE +/- 0.13, N = 10SE +/- 0.05, N = 321.9313.2827.5716.9512.621. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -lz -lm

PostgreSQL

This is a benchmark of PostgreSQL using the integrated pgbench for facilitating the database benchmarks. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgTPS, More Is BetterPostgreSQL 16Scaling Factor: 1000 - Clients: 800 - Mode: Read WriteBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS9K18K27K36K45KSE +/- 361.54, N = 12SE +/- 666.75, N = 9SE +/- 230.46, N = 12SE +/- 372.92, N = 3SE +/- 395.03, N = 37562196313155127856437491. (CC) gcc options: -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -O2 -lpgcommon -lpgport -lpq -lm

OpenBenchmarking.orgms, Fewer Is BetterPostgreSQL 16Scaling Factor: 1000 - Clients: 800 - Mode: Read Write - Average LatencyBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS20406080100SE +/- 4.62, N = 12SE +/- 1.44, N = 9SE +/- 0.19, N = 12SE +/- 0.38, N = 3SE +/- 0.16, N = 3108.2041.1425.3728.7318.291. (CC) gcc options: -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -O2 -lpgcommon -lpgport -lpq -lm

Application Start-up Time

This benchmark measures the start-up time of applications when there is some I/O in the background. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgsec, Fewer Is BetterApplication Start-up Time 3.4.0Background I/O Mix: Only Sequential Reads - Application To Start: xterm - Disk Target: Default Test DirectoryBcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS0.25370.50740.76111.01481.2685SE +/- 0.001495, N = 3SE +/- 0.004034, N = 9SE +/- 0.014067, N = 12SE +/- 0.002632, N = 12SE +/- 0.001577, N = 70.1817780.1637411.1276100.1705000.181524

SQLite

This is a simple benchmark of SQLite. At present this test profile just measures the time to perform a pre-defined number of insertions on an indexed database with a variable number of concurrent repetitions -- up to the maximum number of CPU threads available. Learn more via the OpenBenchmarking.org test page.

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterSQLite 3.41.2Threads / Copies: 8BcachefsEXT4BtrfsF2FSXFS714212835SE +/- 0.15, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.40, N = 3SE +/- 0.06, N = 3SE +/- 0.05, N = 324.2918.7330.0118.0124.111. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -lz -lm

36 Results Shown

Flexible IO Tester:
  Rand Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 8 - Default Test Directory:
    MiB/s
    IOPS
Application Start-up Time
Flexible IO Tester:
  Rand Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 1 - Default Test Directory
  Rand Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 8 - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 1 - Default Test Directory
Application Start-up Time
Flexible IO Tester
Application Start-up Time:
  Seq Reads + Writes - GNOME Terminal - Default Test Directory
  Only Seq Reads - LibreOffice Writer - Default Test Directory
  Only Seq Reads - GNOME Terminal - Default Test Directory
Flexible IO Tester:
  Rand Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 1 - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 8 - Default Test Directory
  Seq Read - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 8 - Default Test Directory
  Seq Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 1 - Default Test Directory
  Seq Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 1 - Default Test Directory
  Seq Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 8 - Default Test Directory
  Seq Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 2MB - 8 - Default Test Directory
  Rand Write - IO_uring - No - Yes - 4KB - 8 - Default Test Directory
FS-Mark:
  1000 Files, 1MB Size
  5000 Files, 1MB Size, 4 Threads
  4000 Files, 32 Sub Dirs, 1MB Size
DuckDB
nginx
Apache IoTDB:
  800 - 100 - 500 - 400:
    point/sec
    Average Latency
ClickHouse:
  100M Rows Hits Dataset, First Run / Cold Cache
  100M Rows Hits Dataset, Second Run
  100M Rows Hits Dataset, Third Run
SQLite:
  1
  2
  4
PostgreSQL:
  1000 - 800 - Read Write
  1000 - 800 - Read Write - Average Latency
Application Start-up Time
SQLite