Ubuntu 18.04 EC2 AMD New Instances

KVM testing on Ubuntu 18.04 via the Phoronix Test Suite.

HTML result view exported from: https://openbenchmarking.org/result/1903280-HV-1903281HV50.

Ubuntu 18.04 EC2 AMD New InstancesProcessorMotherboardChipsetMemoryDiskNetworkOSKernelCompilerFile-SystemSystem Layerm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlargeAMD EPYC 7571 (4 Cores / 8 Threads)Amazon EC2 m5a.2xlarge (1.0 BIOS)Intel 440FX 82441FX PMC31744MB54GB Amazon Elastic Block StoreAmazon ElasticUbuntu 18.044.15.0-1032-aws (x86_64)GCC 7.3.0ext4KVMAmazon EC2 m5ad.2xlarge (1.0 BIOS)300GB Amazon EC2 NVMe Instance Storage + 54GB Amazon Elastic Block StoreIntel Xeon Platinum 8175M (4 Cores / 8 Threads)Amazon EC2 m5.2xlarge (1.0 BIOS)54GB Amazon Elastic Block StoreOpenBenchmarking.orgCompiler Details- --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,brig,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libmpx --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib --with-tune=generic --without-cuda-driver -v Python Details- Python 2.7.15rc1 + Python 3.6.7Security Details- m5a.2xlarge: __user pointer sanitization + Full AMD retpoline- m5ad.2xlarge: __user pointer sanitization + Full AMD retpoline- m5.2xlarge: KPTI + __user pointer sanitization + Full generic retpoline + PTE Inversion

Ubuntu 18.04 EC2 AMD New Instanceslczero: BLASopenssl: RSA 4096-bit Performancegraphics-magick: Resizinggraphics-magick: Rotatettsiod-renderer: Phong Rendering With Soft-Shadow Mappingprimesieve: 1e12 Prime Number Generationasmfish: 1024 Hash Memory, 26 Depthstockfish: Total Timepybench: Total For Average Test Timesscikit-learn: phpbench: PHP Benchmark Suitehmmer: Pfam Database Searchmafft: Multiple Sequence Alignmenthimeno: Poisson Pressure Solverbuild-linux-kernel: Time To Compilecompress-7zip: Compress Speed Testcompress-zstd: Compressing ubuntu-16.04.3-server-i386.img, Compression Level 19cloverleaf: Lagrangian-Eulerian Hydrodynamicsnamd: ATPase Simulation - 327,506 Atomsm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge45.5853114215216376.9779808077553067196024.3731637312.927.051442461438258.055.887.0438249.6453316117916576.3083287877665654165020.7636598212.696.941942401483854.585.486.95750133.9694316417915362.15101757579311255135718.165067959.084.6521671702098835.663.275.12792OpenBenchmarking.org

LeelaChessZero

Backend: BLAS

OpenBenchmarking.orgNodes Per Second, More Is BetterLeelaChessZero 0.20.1Backend: BLASm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge306090120150SE +/- 1.02, N = 3SE +/- 1.53, N = 3SE +/- 0.16, N = 345.5849.64133.961. (CXX) g++ options: -lpthread -lz

LeelaChessZero

Performance / Cost - Backend: BLAS

OpenBenchmarking.orgNodes Per Second Per Dollar, More Is BetterLeelaChessZero 0.20.1Performance / Cost - Backend: BLASm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge6001200180024003000379.83354.572679.201. m5a.2xlarge: $0.344 reported cost per hour, test consumed 21 Minutes, 25 Seconds: cost approximately 0.12 dollar.2. m5ad.2xlarge: $0.412 reported cost per hour, test consumed 19 Minutes, 41 Seconds: cost approximately 0.14 dollar.3. m5.2xlarge: $0.384 reported cost per hour, test consumed 7 Minutes, 21 Seconds: cost approximately 0.05 dollar.

OpenSSL

RSA 4096-bit Performance

OpenBenchmarking.orgSigns Per Second, More Is BetterOpenSSL 1.1.1RSA 4096-bit Performancem5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge2004006008001000SE +/- 0.30, N = 3SE +/- 0.45, N = 3SE +/- 1.97, N = 35315339431. (CC) gcc options: -pthread -m64 -O3 -lssl -lcrypto -ldl

OpenSSL

Performance / Cost - RSA 4096-bit Performance

OpenBenchmarking.orgSigns Per Second Per Dollar, More Is BetterOpenSSL 1.1.1Performance / Cost - RSA 4096-bit Performancem5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge20K40K60K80K100K53123.0053290.0094343.001. m5a.2xlarge: $0.344 reported cost per hour, test consumed 1 Minute, 24 Seconds: cost approximately 0.01 dollar.2. m5ad.2xlarge: $0.412 reported cost per hour, test consumed 1 Minute, 26 Seconds: cost approximately 0.01 dollar.3. m5.2xlarge: $0.384 reported cost per hour, test consumed 1 Minute, 12 Seconds: cost approximately 0.01 dollar.

GraphicsMagick

Operation: Resizing

OpenBenchmarking.orgIterations Per Minute, More Is BetterGraphicsMagick 1.3.30Operation: Resizingm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge40801201602001421611641. (CC) gcc options: -fopenmp -O2 -pthread -ljbig -lwebp -lwebpmux -ltiff -ljpeg -lXext -lX11 -llzma -lz -lm -lgomp -lpthread

GraphicsMagick

Performance / Cost - Operation: Resizing

OpenBenchmarking.orgIterations Per Minute Per Dollar, More Is BetterGraphicsMagick 1.3.30Performance / Cost - Operation: Resizingm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge2K4K6K8K10K7100.008050.008200.001. m5a.2xlarge: $0.344 reported cost per hour, test consumed 3 Minutes, 19 Seconds: cost approximately 0.02 dollar.2. m5ad.2xlarge: $0.412 reported cost per hour, test consumed 3 Minutes, 25 Seconds: cost approximately 0.02 dollar.3. m5.2xlarge: $0.384 reported cost per hour, test consumed 3 Minutes, 11 Seconds: cost approximately 0.02 dollar.

GraphicsMagick

Operation: Rotate

OpenBenchmarking.orgIterations Per Minute, More Is BetterGraphicsMagick 1.3.30Operation: Rotatem5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge40801201602001521791791. (CC) gcc options: -fopenmp -O2 -pthread -ljbig -lwebp -lwebpmux -ltiff -ljpeg -lXext -lX11 -llzma -lz -lm -lgomp -lpthread

GraphicsMagick

Performance / Cost - Operation: Rotate

OpenBenchmarking.orgIterations Per Minute Per Dollar, More Is BetterGraphicsMagick 1.3.30Performance / Cost - Operation: Rotatem5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge2K4K6K8K10K7600.008950.008950.001. m5a.2xlarge: $0.344 reported cost per hour, test consumed 3 Minutes, 21 Seconds: cost approximately 0.02 dollar.2. m5ad.2xlarge: $0.412 reported cost per hour, test consumed 3 Minutes, 13 Seconds: cost approximately 0.02 dollar.3. m5.2xlarge: $0.384 reported cost per hour, test consumed 3 Minutes, 11 Seconds: cost approximately 0.02 dollar.

TTSIOD 3D Renderer

Phong Rendering With Soft-Shadow Mapping

OpenBenchmarking.orgFPS, More Is BetterTTSIOD 3D Renderer 2.3bPhong Rendering With Soft-Shadow Mappingm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge4080120160200SE +/- 0.63, N = 3SE +/- 0.14, N = 3SE +/- 0.26, N = 31631651531. (CXX) g++ options: -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -ffast-math -mtune=native -flto -msse -mrecip -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mssse3 -lSDL -fopenmp -fwhole-program -lstdc++

TTSIOD 3D Renderer

Performance / Cost - Phong Rendering With Soft-Shadow Mapping

OpenBenchmarking.orgFPS Per Dollar, More Is BetterTTSIOD 3D Renderer 2.3bPerformance / Cost - Phong Rendering With Soft-Shadow Mappingm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge2K4K6K8K10K8125.505503.005094.331. m5a.2xlarge: $0.344 reported cost per hour, test consumed 3 Minutes, 53 Seconds: cost approximately 0.02 dollar.2. m5ad.2xlarge: $0.412 reported cost per hour, test consumed 3 Minutes, 49 Seconds: cost approximately 0.03 dollar.3. m5.2xlarge: $0.384 reported cost per hour, test consumed 4 Minutes: cost approximately 0.03 dollar.

Primesieve

1e12 Prime Number Generation

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterPrimesieve 7.41e12 Prime Number Generationm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge20406080100SE +/- 0.10, N = 3SE +/- 0.12, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 376.9776.3062.151. (CXX) g++ options: -O3 -lpthread

Primesieve

Performance / Cost - 1e12 Prime Number Generation

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds x Dollar, Fewer Is BetterPrimesieve 7.4Performance / Cost - 1e12 Prime Number Generationm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge0.51531.03061.54592.06122.57651.542.291.241. m5a.2xlarge: $0.344 reported cost per hour, test consumed 4 Minutes, 3 Seconds: cost approximately 0.02 dollar.2. m5ad.2xlarge: $0.412 reported cost per hour, test consumed 4 Minutes: cost approximately 0.03 dollar.3. m5.2xlarge: $0.384 reported cost per hour, test consumed 3 Minutes, 18 Seconds: cost approximately 0.02 dollar.

asmFish

1024 Hash Memory, 26 Depth

OpenBenchmarking.orgNodes/second, More Is BetterasmFish 2018-07-231024 Hash Memory, 26 Depthm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge2M4M6M8M10MSE +/- 52526.57, N = 3SE +/- 104064.56, N = 3SE +/- 162205.98, N = 37980807832878710175757

asmFish

Performance / Cost - 1024 Hash Memory, 26 Depth

OpenBenchmarking.orgNodes/second Per Dollar, More Is BetterasmFish 2018-07-23Performance / Cost - 1024 Hash Memory, 26 Depthm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge20M40M60M80M100M79808070.0075716245.45113063966.671. m5a.2xlarge: $0.344 reported cost per hour, test consumed 16 Minutes, 42 Seconds: cost approximately 0.1 dollar.2. m5ad.2xlarge: $0.412 reported cost per hour, test consumed 16 Minutes, 15 Seconds: cost approximately 0.11 dollar.3. m5.2xlarge: $0.384 reported cost per hour, test consumed 13 Minutes, 28 Seconds: cost approximately 0.09 dollar.

Stockfish

Total Time

OpenBenchmarking.orgNodes Per Second, More Is BetterStockfish 9Total Timem5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge2M4M6M8M10MSE +/- 59409.44, N = 3SE +/- 51763.03, N = 3SE +/- 69271.58, N = 37553067766565493112551. (CXX) g++ options: -m64 -lpthread -fno-exceptions -std=c++11 -pedantic -O3 -msse -msse3 -mpopcnt -flto

Stockfish

Performance / Cost - Total Time

OpenBenchmarking.orgNodes Per Second Per Dollar, More Is BetterStockfish 9Performance / Cost - Total Timem5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge40M80M120M160M200M151061340.00127760900.00186225100.001. m5a.2xlarge: $0.344 reported cost per hour, test consumed 8 Minutes, 57 Seconds: cost approximately 0.05 dollar.2. m5ad.2xlarge: $0.412 reported cost per hour, test consumed 8 Minutes, 22 Seconds: cost approximately 0.06 dollar.3. m5.2xlarge: $0.384 reported cost per hour, test consumed 7 Minutes, 13 Seconds: cost approximately 0.05 dollar.

PyBench

Total For Average Test Times

OpenBenchmarking.orgMilliseconds, Fewer Is BetterPyBench 2018-02-16Total For Average Test Timesm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge400800120016002000SE +/- 5.93, N = 3SE +/- 1.67, N = 3196016501357

PyBench

Performance / Cost - Total For Average Test Times

OpenBenchmarking.orgMilliseconds x Dollar, Fewer Is BetterPyBench 2018-02-16Performance / Cost - Total For Average Test Timesm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge51015202519.6016.5013.571. m5a.2xlarge: $0.344 reported cost per hour, test consumed 2 Minutes, 26 Seconds: cost approximately 0.01 dollar.2. m5ad.2xlarge: $0.412 reported cost per hour, test consumed 2 Minutes, 5 Seconds: cost approximately 0.01 dollar.3. m5.2xlarge: $0.384 reported cost per hour, test consumed 1 Minute, 43 Seconds: cost approximately 0.01 dollar.

Scikit-Learn

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterScikit-Learn 0.17.1m5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge612182430SE +/- 0.19, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 324.3720.7618.16

Scikit-Learn

Performance / Cost -

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds x Dollar, Fewer Is BetterScikit-Learn 0.17.1Performance / Cost -m5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge0.0540.1080.1620.2160.270.240.210.181. m5a.2xlarge: $0.344 reported cost per hour, test consumed 1 Minute, 33 Seconds: cost approximately 0.01 dollar.2. m5ad.2xlarge: $0.412 reported cost per hour, test consumed 1 Minute, 22 Seconds: cost approximately 0.01 dollar.3. m5.2xlarge: $0.384 reported cost per hour, test consumed 1 Minute, 5 Seconds: cost approximately 0.01 dollar.

PHPBench

PHP Benchmark Suite

OpenBenchmarking.orgScore, More Is BetterPHPBench 0.8.1PHP Benchmark Suitem5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge110K220K330K440K550KSE +/- 3803.63, N = 3SE +/- 2503.10, N = 3SE +/- 2069.42, N = 3316373365982506795

PHPBench

Performance / Cost - PHP Benchmark Suite

OpenBenchmarking.orgScore Per Dollar, More Is BetterPHPBench 0.8.1Performance / Cost - PHP Benchmark Suitem5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge11M22M33M44M55M31637300.0036598200.0050679500.001. m5a.2xlarge: $0.344 reported cost per hour, test consumed 1 Minute, 46 Seconds: cost approximately 0.01 dollar.2. m5ad.2xlarge: $0.412 reported cost per hour, test consumed 1 Minute, 34 Seconds: cost approximately 0.01 dollar.3. m5.2xlarge: $0.384 reported cost per hour, test consumed 1 Minute, 10 Seconds: cost approximately 0.01 dollar.

Timed HMMer Search

Pfam Database Search

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterTimed HMMer Search 2.3.2Pfam Database Searchm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge3691215SE +/- 0.09, N = 3SE +/- 0.07, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 312.9212.699.081. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -pthread -lhmmer -lsquid -lm

Timed MAFFT Alignment

Multiple Sequence Alignment

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterTimed MAFFT Alignment 7.392Multiple Sequence Alignmentm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge246810SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.39, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 37.056.944.651. (CC) gcc options: -std=c99 -O3 -lm -lpthread

Himeno Benchmark

Poisson Pressure Solver

OpenBenchmarking.orgMFLOPS, More Is BetterHimeno Benchmark 3.0Poisson Pressure Solverm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge5001000150020002500SE +/- 3.85, N = 3SE +/- 16.14, N = 3SE +/- 1.52, N = 314419421671. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -mavx2

Himeno Benchmark

Performance / Cost - Poisson Pressure Solver

OpenBenchmarking.orgMFLOPS Per Dollar, More Is BetterHimeno Benchmark 3.0Performance / Cost - Poisson Pressure Solverm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge20K40K60K80K100K7181.509688.50108365.001. m5a.2xlarge: $0.344 reported cost per hour, test consumed 3 Minutes, 13 Seconds: cost approximately 0.02 dollar.2. m5ad.2xlarge: $0.412 reported cost per hour, test consumed 3 Minutes, 19 Seconds: cost approximately 0.02 dollar.3. m5.2xlarge: $0.384 reported cost per hour, test consumed 3 Minutes, 8 Seconds: cost approximately 0.02 dollar.

Timed Linux Kernel Compilation

Time To Compile

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterTimed Linux Kernel Compilation 4.18Time To Compilem5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge50100150200250SE +/- 1.63, N = 3SE +/- 1.32, N = 3SE +/- 1.05, N = 3246240170

Timed Linux Kernel Compilation

Performance / Cost - Time To Compile

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds x Dollar, Fewer Is BetterTimed Linux Kernel Compilation 4.18Performance / Cost - Time To Compilem5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge51015202517.2021.6310.191. m5a.2xlarge: $0.344 reported cost per hour, test consumed 12 Minutes, 56 Seconds: cost approximately 0.07 dollar.2. m5ad.2xlarge: $0.412 reported cost per hour, test consumed 12 Minutes, 36 Seconds: cost approximately 0.09 dollar.3. m5.2xlarge: $0.384 reported cost per hour, test consumed 9 Minutes, 1 Second: cost approximately 0.06 dollar.

7-Zip Compression

Compress Speed Test

OpenBenchmarking.orgMIPS, More Is Better7-Zip Compression 16.02Compress Speed Testm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge4K8K12K16K20KSE +/- 52.89, N = 3SE +/- 84.45, N = 3SE +/- 187.58, N = 31438214838209881. (CXX) g++ options: -pipe -lpthread

7-Zip Compression

Performance / Cost - Compress Speed Test

OpenBenchmarking.orgMIPS Per Dollar, More Is Better7-Zip Compression 16.02Performance / Cost - Compress Speed Testm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge400K800K1200K1600K2000K1438200.00741900.002098800.001. m5a.2xlarge: $0.344 reported cost per hour, test consumed 2 Minutes, 16 Seconds: cost approximately 0.01 dollar.2. m5ad.2xlarge: $0.412 reported cost per hour, test consumed 2 Minutes, 26 Seconds: cost approximately 0.02 dollar.3. m5.2xlarge: $0.384 reported cost per hour, test consumed 2 Minutes, 6 Seconds: cost approximately 0.01 dollar.

Zstd Compression

Compressing ubuntu-16.04.3-server-i386.img, Compression Level 19

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterZstd Compression 1.3.4Compressing ubuntu-16.04.3-server-i386.img, Compression Level 19m5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge1326395265SE +/- 0.30, N = 3SE +/- 0.05, N = 3SE +/- 0.09, N = 358.0554.5835.661. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -pthread -lz -llzma

Zstd Compression

Performance / Cost - Compressing ubuntu-16.04.3-server-i386.img, Compression Level 19

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds x Dollar, Fewer Is BetterZstd Compression 1.3.4Performance / Cost - Compressing ubuntu-16.04.3-server-i386.img, Compression Level 19m5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge0.2610.5220.7831.0441.3051.161.090.361. m5a.2xlarge: $0.344 reported cost per hour, test consumed 3 Minutes, 7 Seconds: cost approximately 0.02 dollar.2. m5ad.2xlarge: $0.412 reported cost per hour, test consumed 2 Minutes, 56 Seconds: cost approximately 0.02 dollar.3. m5.2xlarge: $0.384 reported cost per hour, test consumed 2 Minutes: cost approximately 0.01 dollar.

CloverLeaf

Lagrangian-Eulerian Hydrodynamics

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterCloverLeafLagrangian-Eulerian Hydrodynamicsm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge1.3232.6463.9695.2926.615SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 35.885.483.271. (F9X) gfortran options: -O3 -march=native -funroll-loops -fopenmp

NAMD

ATPase Simulation - 327,506 Atoms

OpenBenchmarking.orgdays/ns, Fewer Is BetterNAMD 2.13b1ATPase Simulation - 327,506 Atomsm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge246810SE +/- 0.04265, N = 3SE +/- 0.00095, N = 3SE +/- 0.00289, N = 37.043826.957505.12792

NAMD

Performance / Cost - ATPase Simulation - 327,506 Atoms

OpenBenchmarking.orgdays/ns x Dollar, Fewer Is BetterNAMD 2.13b1Performance / Cost - ATPase Simulation - 327,506 Atomsm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge0.17330.34660.51990.69320.86650.700.770.411. m5a.2xlarge: $0.344 reported cost per hour, test consumed 16 Minutes, 47 Seconds: cost approximately 0.1 dollar.2. m5ad.2xlarge: $0.412 reported cost per hour, test consumed 16 Minutes, 39 Seconds: cost approximately 0.11 dollar.3. m5.2xlarge: $0.384 reported cost per hour, test consumed 12 Minutes, 32 Seconds: cost approximately 0.08 dollar.

Cost To Run Tests

Cost / Price Per Hour

OpenBenchmarking.orgCost / Price Per Hour, Fewer Is BetterCost To Run TestsCost / Price Per Hourm5a.2xlargem5ad.2xlargem5.2xlarge0.16430.32860.49290.65720.82150.640.730.511. m5a.2xlarge: $0.344 reported cost per hour, running tests consumed 1 Hour, 51 Minutes, 28 Seconds: cost approximately 0.64 dollar. 2. m5ad.2xlarge: $0.412 reported cost per hour, running tests consumed 1 Hour, 46 Minutes, 52 Seconds: cost approximately 0.73 dollar. 3. m5.2xlarge: $0.384 reported cost per hour, running tests consumed 1 Hour, 19 Minutes: cost approximately 0.51 dollar.

Timed HMMer Search

Performance / Cost - Pfam Database Search

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds x Dollar, Fewer Is BetterTimed HMMer Search 2.3.2Performance / Cost - Pfam Database Searchm5ad.2xlarge0.02930.05860.08790.11720.14650.131. $0.412 reported cost per hour, test consumed 50 Seconds: cost approximately 0.01 dollar.

Phoronix Test Suite v10.8.4