Intel Core i9 11900K Windows 11 vs. Linux Benchmarks

Benchmarks by Michael Larabel for a future article.

HTML result view exported from: https://openbenchmarking.org/result/2110216-TJ-WINDOWS1130&sgm=1&sgm=1&swl=1&ppt=D&grr&rdt.

Intel Core i9 11900K Windows 11 vs. Linux BenchmarksProcessorMotherboardMemoryDiskGraphicsAudioMonitorNetworkChipsetOSKernelDisplay DriverOpenCLCompilerFile-SystemScreen ResolutionDesktopDisplay ServerOpenGLVulkanWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 35150Intel Core i9-11900K @ 3.50GHz (8 Cores / 16 Threads)ASUS ROG MAXIMUS XIII HERO (1007 BIOS)2 x 16384 MB 3200MHz Corsair CMK32GX4M2Z3600C182000GB Corsair Force MP600AMD Radeon VIIAMD HD Audio Device + USB Audio 2.0 + HD Audio Device + AMD Streaming Audio DeviceASUS MG8UBluetooth Device (Personal Area ) + Intel (3) I225-V + Intel Wi-Fi 6E AX210 160MHzMicrosoft Windows 11 Pro Build 2200010.0 (x86_64)30.0.13025.5005OpenCL 2.1 AMD-APP (3302.6)GCC 8.3.0NTFS3840x2160Intel Core i9-11900K @ 5.10GHz (8 Cores / 16 Threads)Intel Tiger Lake-H32GBAMD Radeon VII 16GB (1801/1000MHz)Intel Tiger Lake-H HD AudioASUS MG28U2 x Intel I225-V + Intel Wi-Fi 6 AX210/AX211/AX411Ubuntu 21.105.13.0-20-generic (x86_64)GNOME Shell 40.5X Server + Wayland4.6 Mesa 21.2.2 (LLVM 12.0.1)1.2.182GCC 11.2.0ext4Arch Linux5.14.12-arch1-1 (x86_64)4.6 Mesa 21.2.4 (LLVM 12.0.1)GCC 11.1.0Fedora Linux 355.14.12-300.fc35.x86_64 (x86_64)GNOME Shell 41.04.6 Mesa 21.2.4 (LLVM 13.0.0)GCC 11.2.1 20210728btrfsIntel Device 43efIntel Device 43c82 x Intel Device 15f3 + Intel Device 2725Ubuntu 20.045.11.0-38-generic (x86_64)GNOME Shell 3.36.9X Server 1.20.111.2.145GCC 9.3.0ext42 x Intel + Intel Device 2725Clear Linux OS 351505.14.13-1083.native (x86_64)GNOME Shell 41.04.6 Mesa 21.2.4 (LLVM 11.1.0)1.2.182GCC 11.2.1 20211015 releases/gcc-11.2.0-353-g6a936be4ad + Clang 11.1.0 + LLVM 11.1.0OpenBenchmarking.orgProcessor Details- Windows 11 Pro: CPU Microcode: 0000000040000000- Ubuntu 21.10: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave - CPU Microcode: 0x40 - Thermald 2.4.6- Arch Linux: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave - CPU Microcode: 0x40- Fedora Workstation 35: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave - CPU Microcode: 0x40 - Thermald 2.4.6- Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave - CPU Microcode: 0x40 - Thermald 1.9.1- Clear Linux 35150: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate performance - CPU Microcode: 0x40Java Details- Windows 11 Pro: OpenJDK Runtime Environment 18.9 (build 11.0.6+10-LTS)- Ubuntu 21.10: OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.12+7-Ubuntu-0ubuntu3)- Arch Linux: OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.12+7)- Fedora Workstation 35: OpenJDK Runtime Environment 18.9 (build 11.0.12+7)- Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS: OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.11+9-Ubuntu-0ubuntu2.20.04)- Clear Linux 35150: OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0-u252-ga-b00)Python Details- Windows 11 Pro: Python 3.7.1- Ubuntu 21.10: Python 3.9.7- Arch Linux: Python 3.9.7- Fedora Workstation 35: Python 3.10.0- Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS: Python 3.8.10- Clear Linux 35150: Python 3.9.7Security Details- Windows 11 Pro: __user pointer sanitization: Disabled + IBPB: Always + IBRS: Enabled + STIBP: Enabled- Ubuntu 21.10: itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl and seccomp + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced IBRS IBPB: conditional RSB filling + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected- Arch Linux: itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl and seccomp + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced IBRS IBPB: conditional RSB filling + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected- Fedora Workstation 35: SELinux + itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl and seccomp + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced IBRS IBPB: conditional RSB filling + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected- Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS: itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl and seccomp + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced IBRS IBPB: conditional RSB filling + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affected- Clear Linux 35150: itlb_multihit: Not affected + l1tf: Not affected + mds: Not affected + meltdown: Not affected + spec_store_bypass: Mitigation of SSB disabled via prctl and seccomp + spectre_v1: Mitigation of usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization + spectre_v2: Mitigation of Enhanced IBRS IBPB: conditional RSB filling + srbds: Not affected + tsx_async_abort: Not affectedKernel Details- Ubuntu 21.10: Transparent Huge Pages: madvise- Arch Linux: Transparent Huge Pages: madvise- Fedora Workstation 35: Transparent Huge Pages: madvise- Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS: Transparent Huge Pages: madvise- Clear Linux 35150: Transparent Huge Pages: alwaysCompiler Details- Ubuntu 21.10: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-bootstrap --enable-cet --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,brig,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --enable-libphobos-checking=release --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-link-serialization=2 --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-11-ZPT0kp/gcc-11-11.2.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,amdgcn-amdhsa=/build/gcc-11-ZPT0kp/gcc-11-11.2.0/debian/tmp-gcn/usr --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib=auto --with-tune=generic --without-cuda-driver -v - Arch Linux: --disable-libssp --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-libunwind-exceptions --disable-werror --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-cet=auto --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-default-ssp --enable-gnu-indirect-function --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-install-libiberty --enable-languages=c,c++,ada,fortran,go,lto,objc,obj-c++,d --enable-lto --enable-multilib --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --mandir=/usr/share/man --with-isl --with-linker-hash-style=gnu- Fedora Workstation 35: --build=x86_64-redhat-linux --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-bootstrap --enable-cet --enable-checking=release --enable-gnu-indirect-function --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-initfini-array --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++,ada,go,d,lto --enable-link-serialization=1 --enable-multilib --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --mandir=/usr/share/man --with-arch_32=i686 --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --with-tune=generic --without-cuda-driver - Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,brig,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,gm2 --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-9-HskZEa/gcc-9-9.3.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,hsa --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-target-system-zlib=auto --with-tune=generic --without-cuda-driver -v - Clear Linux 35150: --build=x86_64-generic-linux --disable-libmpx --disable-libunwind-exceptions --disable-multiarch --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-bootstrap --enable-cet --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-indirect-function --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,go --enable-ld=default --enable-libstdcxx-pch --enable-lto --enable-multilib --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --exec-prefix=/usr --includedir=/usr/include --target=x86_64-generic-linux --with-arch=x86-64-v3 --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-glibc-version=2.19 --with-gnu-ld --with-isl --with-ppl=yes --with-tune=skylake-avx512 Graphics Details- Ubuntu 21.10: BAR1 / Visible vRAM Size: 16368 MB- Arch Linux: BAR1 / Visible vRAM Size: 16368 MB- Fedora Workstation 35: BAR1 / Visible vRAM Size: 16368 MB- Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS: GLAMOR - BAR1 / Visible vRAM Size: 16368 MB- Clear Linux 35150: BAR1 / Visible vRAM Size: 16368 MBEnvironment Details- Fedora Workstation 35: DEBUGINFOD_URLS="https://debuginfod.fedoraproject.org/ https://debuginfod.fedoraproject.org/"- Clear Linux 35150: FFLAGS="-g -O3 -feliminate-unused-debug-types -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -m64 -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -Wp,-D_REENTRANT -ftree-loop-distribute-patterns -Wl,-z -Wl,now -Wl,-z -Wl,relro -malign-data=abi -fno-semantic-interposition -ftree-vectorize -ftree-loop-vectorize -Wl,--enable-new-dtags" CXXFLAGS="-g -O3 -feliminate-unused-debug-types -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -Wformat -Wformat-security -m64 -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -Wp,-D_REENTRANT -ftree-loop-distribute-patterns -Wl,-z -Wl,now -Wl,-z -Wl,relro -fno-semantic-interposition -ffat-lto-objects -fno-trapping-math -Wl,-sort-common -Wl,--enable-new-dtags -mtune=skylake -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -Wl,--enable-new-dtags" MESA_GLSL_CACHE_DISABLE=0 FCFLAGS="-g -O3 -feliminate-unused-debug-types -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -m64 -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -Wp,-D_REENTRANT -ftree-loop-distribute-patterns -Wl,-z -Wl,now -Wl,-z -Wl,relro -malign-data=abi -fno-semantic-interposition -ftree-vectorize -ftree-loop-vectorize -Wl,-sort-common -Wl,--enable-new-dtags" CFLAGS="-g -O3 -feliminate-unused-debug-types -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -Wformat -Wformat-security -m64 -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -Wp,-D_REENTRANT -ftree-loop-distribute-patterns -Wl,-z -Wl,now -Wl,-z -Wl,relro -fno-semantic-interposition -ffat-lto-objects -fno-trapping-math -Wl,-sort-common -Wl,--enable-new-dtags -mtune=skylake" THEANO_FLAGS="floatX=float32,openmp=true,gcc.cxxflags="-ftree-vectorize -mavx""

Intel Core i9 11900K Windows 11 vs. Linux Benchmarksblender: Barbershop - CPU-Onlyblender: Classroom - CPU-Onlyblender: Pabellon Barcelona - CPU-Onlyrenaissance: Savina Reactors.IOrenaissance: Akka Unbalanced Cobwebbed Treeblender: Fishy Cat - CPU-Onlyappleseed: Emilyluxcorerender: Danish Mood - CPUrenaissance: Genetic Algorithm Using Jenetics + Futuresblender: BMW27 - CPU-Onlyasmfish: 1024 Hash Memory, 26 Depthappleseed: Disney Materialappleseed: Material Testerrenaissance: Scala Dottyluxcorerender: LuxCore Benchmark - CPUavifenc: 6, Losslessv-ray: CPUoidn: RT.ldr_alb_nrm.3840x2160indigobench: CPU - Bedroomindigobench: CPU - Supercarluxcorerender: Orange Juice - CPUluxcorerender: DLSC - CPUavifenc: 0stockfish: Total Timegit: Time To Complete Common Git Commandssvt-av1: Preset 8 - Bosphorus 4Kavifenc: 2paraview: Many Spheres - 1920 x 1200paraview: Many Spheres - 1920 x 1200dacapobench: Tradebeansrenaissance: Finagle HTTP Requestsluxcorerender: Rainbow Colors and Prism - CPUencode-wavpack: WAV To WavPackencode-flac: WAV To FLACdav1d: Summer Nature 4Kphpbench: PHP Benchmark Suitepybench: Total For Average Test Timessvt-av1: Preset 8 - Bosphorus 1080pdacapobench: Tradesoapavifenc: 6paraview: Wavelet Contour - 1920 x 1200paraview: Wavelet Contour - 1920 x 1200dacapobench: Jythontscp: AI Chess PerformanceWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 35150644.71465.87500.857586.48589.7213.61345.8431.731449.0157.6931954408191.63188.2791048.81.8955.963112720.432.0244.7493.322.0265.8342636840356.13116.82534.0604316.10843.0522681934.77.2511.65912.962196.7867755288572.218556911.7033225.216309.4932611905851549.13397.04446.667579.49700.3181.69324.6309031.471139.9133.0231513079182.333552174.461617601.81.6951.440123830.442.0844.8553.462.1257.6822885799736.75119.58629.8464409.76343.9820751636.18.6011.75311.397199.83123945065075.376326210.4103606.785346.1029541870854565.38413.03446.527522.59755.4189.39326.9188541.461172.5132.7931976780182.330658174.669572606.61.6853.639125090.442.0884.8313.462.1357.2312765066837.12119.64829.5644407.99443.9721101624.98.5611.74111.307201.38124360767275.641306410.3633605.840346.0128811867472550.94401.46446.337747.010331.9183.48325.4419821.481186.5134.2431833975183.019537175.050026659.91.6849.303123310.442.0774.7733.402.1056.3153001202137.35319.56029.0254410.19743.9921561825.28.4011.74311.222199.08120026374274.762323910.2093667.276351.9030631936637549.94399.09449.897208.79684.7182.99330.678851.511129.2133.2932645648182.281999173.832714652.01.6751.416124770.442.0894.8123.422.1057.5182898946239.00519.05029.8414423.31544.1221721664.28.5111.78911.883179.24115192061971.974344210.4823617.207347.1030511938008543.51390.67436.826120.48709.2179.08315.9988621.531122.7131.5932645637179.489635170.228114511.01.7248.954127570.442.3785.0543.472.1348.3152923635736.13020.74639.1214427.21644.1618481469.88.7011.04410.907205.97157925366077.60328159.4123585.140344.0226621939397OpenBenchmarking.org

Blender

Blend File: Barbershop - Compute: CPU-Only

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterBlender 2.92Blend File: Barbershop - Compute: CPU-OnlyWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 35150140280420560700SE +/- 0.78, N = 3SE +/- 0.16, N = 3SE +/- 7.16, N = 9SE +/- 0.24, N = 3SE +/- 0.43, N = 3SE +/- 3.49, N = 3644.71549.13565.38550.94549.94543.51

Blender

Blend File: Classroom - Compute: CPU-Only

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterBlender 2.92Blend File: Classroom - Compute: CPU-OnlyWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 35150100200300400500SE +/- 0.49, N = 3SE +/- 0.62, N = 3SE +/- 7.60, N = 9SE +/- 0.22, N = 3SE +/- 0.65, N = 3SE +/- 0.32, N = 3465.87397.04413.03401.46399.09390.67

Blender

Blend File: Pabellon Barcelona - Compute: CPU-Only

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterBlender 2.92Blend File: Pabellon Barcelona - Compute: CPU-OnlyWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 35150110220330440550SE +/- 0.09, N = 3SE +/- 0.96, N = 3SE +/- 0.09, N = 3SE +/- 0.30, N = 3SE +/- 0.96, N = 3SE +/- 0.24, N = 3500.85446.66446.52446.33449.89436.82

Renaissance

Test: Savina Reactors.IO

OpenBenchmarking.orgms, Fewer Is BetterRenaissance 0.12Test: Savina Reactors.IOWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 3515017003400510068008500SE +/- 83.25, N = 4SE +/- 86.84, N = 4SE +/- 100.20, N = 15SE +/- 109.53, N = 15SE +/- 88.98, N = 15SE +/- 76.23, N = 157586.47579.47522.57747.07208.76120.4MIN: 7343.51 / MAX: 11393.2MIN: 6661.55 / MAX: 11110.46MIN: 6199.14 / MAX: 28526.16MIN: 6193.89 / MAX: 12134.57MIN: 6183.55 / MAX: 11406.35MIN: 5354.21 / MAX: 9637.62

Renaissance

Test: Akka Unbalanced Cobwebbed Tree

OpenBenchmarking.orgms, Fewer Is BetterRenaissance 0.12Test: Akka Unbalanced Cobwebbed TreeWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351502K4K6K8K10KSE +/- 104.04, N = 9SE +/- 9.12, N = 3SE +/- 111.41, N = 4SE +/- 38.56, N = 3SE +/- 9.40, N = 3SE +/- 41.31, N = 38589.79700.39755.410331.99684.78709.2MIN: 6854.11 / MAX: 9044.93MIN: 7468.46 / MAX: 9714.59MIN: 7483.75 / MAX: 17669.07MIN: 8056.26 / MAX: 10375.19MIN: 7528.59 / MAX: 9698.25MIN: 6656.71 / MAX: 8764.84

Blender

Blend File: Fishy Cat - Compute: CPU-Only

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterBlender 2.92Blend File: Fishy Cat - Compute: CPU-OnlyWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 3515050100150200250SE +/- 0.52, N = 3SE +/- 0.26, N = 3SE +/- 5.00, N = 12SE +/- 0.30, N = 3SE +/- 0.16, N = 3SE +/- 0.18, N = 3213.61181.69189.39183.48182.99179.08

Appleseed

Scene: Emily

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterAppleseed 2.0 BetaScene: EmilyWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 3515080160240320400345.84324.63326.92325.44330.68316.00

LuxCoreRender

Scene: Danish Mood - Acceleration: CPU

OpenBenchmarking.orgM samples/sec, More Is BetterLuxCoreRender 2.5Scene: Danish Mood - Acceleration: CPUWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351500.38930.77861.16791.55721.9465SE +/- 0.02, N = 4SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 15SE +/- 0.01, N = 15SE +/- 0.01, N = 151.731.471.461.481.511.53MIN: 1.65 / MAX: 1.81MIN: 0.42 / MAX: 1.84MIN: 0.42 / MAX: 1.82MIN: 0.39 / MAX: 1.84MIN: 0.39 / MAX: 1.89MIN: 0.4 / MAX: 1.93

Renaissance

Test: Genetic Algorithm Using Jenetics + Futures

OpenBenchmarking.orgms, Fewer Is BetterRenaissance 0.12Test: Genetic Algorithm Using Jenetics + FuturesWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 3515030060090012001500SE +/- 17.83, N = 3SE +/- 12.32, N = 5SE +/- 32.22, N = 14SE +/- 14.27, N = 3SE +/- 10.87, N = 15SE +/- 12.94, N = 151449.01139.91172.51186.51129.21122.7MIN: 1151.04 / MAX: 1484.19MIN: 1086.88 / MAX: 1209.58MIN: 1050.55 / MAX: 18922.77MIN: 1160.19 / MAX: 1226.32MIN: 1043.99 / MAX: 1214.15MIN: 983.51 / MAX: 1324.32

Blender

Blend File: BMW27 - Compute: CPU-Only

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterBlender 2.92Blend File: BMW27 - Compute: CPU-OnlyWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 35150306090120150SE +/- 0.08, N = 3SE +/- 0.09, N = 3SE +/- 0.19, N = 3SE +/- 0.23, N = 3SE +/- 0.09, N = 3SE +/- 0.23, N = 3157.69133.02132.79134.24133.29131.59

asmFish

1024 Hash Memory, 26 Depth

OpenBenchmarking.orgNodes/second, More Is BetterasmFish 2018-07-231024 Hash Memory, 26 DepthWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351507M14M21M28M35MSE +/- 108774.70, N = 3SE +/- 420134.92, N = 3SE +/- 268165.90, N = 3SE +/- 118436.35, N = 3SE +/- 440013.30, N = 3SE +/- 451979.95, N = 3319544083151307931976780318339753264564832645637

Appleseed

Scene: Disney Material

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterAppleseed 2.0 BetaScene: Disney MaterialWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351504080120160200191.63182.33182.33183.02182.28179.49

Appleseed

Scene: Material Tester

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterAppleseed 2.0 BetaScene: Material TesterWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351504080120160200188.28174.46174.67175.05173.83170.23

Renaissance

Test: Scala Dotty

OpenBenchmarking.orgms, Fewer Is BetterRenaissance 0.12Test: Scala DottyWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351502004006008001000SE +/- 5.52, N = 3SE +/- 3.50, N = 3SE +/- 5.57, N = 3SE +/- 10.45, N = 15SE +/- 9.65, N = 15SE +/- 0.99, N = 31048.8601.8606.6659.9652.0511.0MIN: 636.38 / MAX: 1056.42MIN: 490.31 / MAX: 1384.09MIN: 492.02 / MAX: 1454.63MIN: 506.44 / MAX: 1506.23MIN: 502.92 / MAX: 1579.17MIN: 410.88 / MAX: 1083.06

LuxCoreRender

Scene: LuxCore Benchmark - Acceleration: CPU

OpenBenchmarking.orgM samples/sec, More Is BetterLuxCoreRender 2.5Scene: LuxCore Benchmark - Acceleration: CPUWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351500.42530.85061.27591.70122.1265SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 12SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 31.891.691.681.681.671.72MIN: 1.84 / MAX: 1.94MIN: 0.52 / MAX: 2.06MIN: 0.51 / MAX: 2.07MIN: 0.51 / MAX: 2.04MIN: 0.51 / MAX: 2.04MIN: 0.53 / MAX: 2.07

libavif avifenc

Encoder Speed: 6, Lossless

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is Betterlibavif avifenc 0.9.0Encoder Speed: 6, LosslessWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351501326395265SE +/- 0.23, N = 3SE +/- 0.07, N = 3SE +/- 2.93, N = 15SE +/- 0.12, N = 3SE +/- 0.06, N = 3SE +/- 0.07, N = 355.9651.4453.6449.3051.4248.951. (CXX) g++ options: -O3 -fPIC -lm

Chaos Group V-RAY

Mode: CPU

OpenBenchmarking.orgvsamples, More Is BetterChaos Group V-RAY 5Mode: CPUWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351503K6K9K12K15KSE +/- 31.29, N = 3SE +/- 36.63, N = 3SE +/- 14.43, N = 3SE +/- 41.31, N = 3SE +/- 17.27, N = 3SE +/- 20.79, N = 3112721238312509123311247712757

Intel Open Image Denoise

Run: RT.ldr_alb_nrm.3840x2160

OpenBenchmarking.orgImages / Sec, More Is BetterIntel Open Image Denoise 1.4.0Run: RT.ldr_alb_nrm.3840x2160Windows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351500.0990.1980.2970.3960.495SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 30.430.440.440.440.440.44

IndigoBench

Acceleration: CPU - Scene: Bedroom

OpenBenchmarking.orgM samples/s, More Is BetterIndigoBench 4.4Acceleration: CPU - Scene: BedroomWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351500.53511.07021.60532.14042.6755SE +/- 0.008, N = 3SE +/- 0.003, N = 3SE +/- 0.001, N = 3SE +/- 0.003, N = 3SE +/- 0.002, N = 3SE +/- 0.003, N = 32.0242.0842.0882.0772.0892.378

IndigoBench

Acceleration: CPU - Scene: Supercar

OpenBenchmarking.orgM samples/s, More Is BetterIndigoBench 4.4Acceleration: CPU - Scene: SupercarWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351501.13722.27443.41164.54885.686SE +/- 0.004, N = 3SE +/- 0.003, N = 3SE +/- 0.006, N = 3SE +/- 0.006, N = 3SE +/- 0.007, N = 3SE +/- 0.002, N = 34.7494.8554.8314.7734.8125.054

LuxCoreRender

Scene: Orange Juice - Acceleration: CPU

OpenBenchmarking.orgM samples/sec, More Is BetterLuxCoreRender 2.5Scene: Orange Juice - Acceleration: CPUWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351500.78081.56162.34243.12323.904SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 33.323.463.463.403.423.47MIN: 3.31MIN: 3.42 / MAX: 3.52MIN: 3.42 / MAX: 3.51MIN: 3.34 / MAX: 3.5MIN: 3.34 / MAX: 3.47MIN: 3.38 / MAX: 3.54

LuxCoreRender

Scene: DLSC - Acceleration: CPU

OpenBenchmarking.orgM samples/sec, More Is BetterLuxCoreRender 2.5Scene: DLSC - Acceleration: CPUWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351500.47930.95861.43791.91722.3965SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 32.022.122.132.102.102.13MIN: 2 / MAX: 2.03MIN: 2.04 / MAX: 2.21MIN: 2.07 / MAX: 2.22MIN: 2 / MAX: 2.18MIN: 2.03 / MAX: 2.19MIN: 2.06 / MAX: 2.23

libavif avifenc

Encoder Speed: 0

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is Betterlibavif avifenc 0.9.0Encoder Speed: 0Windows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351501530456075SE +/- 0.14, N = 3SE +/- 0.36, N = 3SE +/- 0.11, N = 3SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 0.13, N = 3SE +/- 0.27, N = 365.8357.6857.2356.3257.5248.321. (CXX) g++ options: -O3 -fPIC -lm

Stockfish

Total Time

OpenBenchmarking.orgNodes Per Second, More Is BetterStockfish 13Total TimeWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351506M12M18M24M30MSE +/- 196347.27, N = 3SE +/- 414567.35, N = 3SE +/- 865085.05, N = 12SE +/- 208135.63, N = 3SE +/- 249241.05, N = 3SE +/- 67629.52, N = 3263684032885799727650668300120212898946229236357-pipe -fexceptions -ffat-lto-objects -fno-trapping-math -mtune=skylake1. (CXX) g++ options: -lgcov -m64 -lpthread -fno-exceptions -std=c++17 -fprofile-use -fno-peel-loops -fno-tracer -pedantic -O3 -msse -msse3 -mpopcnt -mavx2 -mavx512f -mavx512bw -mavx512vnni -mavx512dq -mavx512vl -msse4.1 -mssse3 -msse2 -mbmi2 -flto -flto=jobserver

Git

Time To Complete Common Git Commands

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterGitTime To Complete Common Git CommandsWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351501326395265SE +/- 0.07, N = 3SE +/- 0.02, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.02, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 356.1336.7537.1237.3539.0136.131. Windows 11 Pro: git version 2.33.1.windows.12. Ubuntu 21.10: git version 2.32.03. Arch Linux: git version 2.33.14. Fedora Workstation 35: git version 2.33.15. Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS: git version 2.25.16. Clear Linux 35150: git version 2.33.1

SVT-AV1

Encoder Mode: Preset 8 - Input: Bosphorus 4K

OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterSVT-AV1 0.8.7Encoder Mode: Preset 8 - Input: Bosphorus 4KWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 35150510152025SE +/- 0.16, N = 3SE +/- 0.02, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 3SE +/- 0.13, N = 3SE +/- 0.02, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 316.8319.5919.6519.5619.0520.75-O3 -pipe -fexceptions -m64 -ffat-lto-objects -fno-trapping-math -mtune=skylake1. (CXX) g++ options: -mno-avx -mavx2 -mavx512f -mavx512bw -mavx512dq -pie

libavif avifenc

Encoder Speed: 2

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is Betterlibavif avifenc 0.9.0Encoder Speed: 2Windows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 35150918273645SE +/- 0.05, N = 3SE +/- 0.09, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 3SE +/- 0.12, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 3SE +/- 0.10, N = 334.0629.8529.5629.0329.8439.121. (CXX) g++ options: -O3 -fPIC -lm

ParaView

Test: Many Spheres - Resolution: 1920 x 1200

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiPolys / Sec, More Is BetterParaView 5.9Test: Many Spheres - Resolution: 1920 x 1200Windows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351509001800270036004500SE +/- 2.58, N = 3SE +/- 0.08, N = 3SE +/- 0.37, N = 3SE +/- 0.46, N = 3SE +/- 0.23, N = 3SE +/- 0.31, N = 34316.114409.764407.994410.204423.324427.22

ParaView

Test: Many Spheres - Resolution: 1920 x 1200

OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames / Sec, More Is BetterParaView 5.9Test: Many Spheres - Resolution: 1920 x 1200Windows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351501020304050SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 343.0543.9843.9743.9944.1244.16

DaCapo Benchmark

Java Test: Tradebeans

OpenBenchmarking.orgmsec, Fewer Is BetterDaCapo Benchmark 9.12-MR1Java Test: TradebeansWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351505001000150020002500SE +/- 20.89, N = 20SE +/- 16.89, N = 4SE +/- 14.78, N = 20SE +/- 16.76, N = 4SE +/- 16.95, N = 20SE +/- 9.35, N = 4226820752110215621721848

Renaissance

Test: Finagle HTTP Requests

OpenBenchmarking.orgms, Fewer Is BetterRenaissance 0.12Test: Finagle HTTP RequestsWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 35150400800120016002000SE +/- 2.54, N = 3SE +/- 5.43, N = 3SE +/- 5.62, N = 3SE +/- 1.13, N = 3SE +/- 14.94, N = 3SE +/- 4.91, N = 31934.71636.11624.91825.21664.21469.8MIN: 1814.1 / MAX: 1938.31MIN: 1517.5 / MAX: 1681.87MIN: 1503.18 / MAX: 1699.5MIN: 1707.46 / MAX: 1888.31MIN: 1525.01 / MAX: 1737.53MIN: 1367.15 / MAX: 1503.07

LuxCoreRender

Scene: Rainbow Colors and Prism - Acceleration: CPU

OpenBenchmarking.orgM samples/sec, More Is BetterLuxCoreRender 2.5Scene: Rainbow Colors and Prism - Acceleration: CPUWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 35150246810SE +/- 0.05, N = 3SE +/- 0.05, N = 3SE +/- 0.09, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 3SE +/- 0.02, N = 3SE +/- 0.06, N = 37.258.608.568.408.518.70MIN: 7.16 / MAX: 7.34MIN: 8.19 / MAX: 8.8MIN: 8.09 / MAX: 8.79MIN: 7.91 / MAX: 8.57MIN: 8.1 / MAX: 8.63MIN: 8.16 / MAX: 8.83

WavPack Audio Encoding

WAV To WavPack

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterWavPack Audio Encoding 5.3WAV To WavPackWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351503691215SE +/- 0.00, N = 5SE +/- 0.01, N = 5SE +/- 0.01, N = 5SE +/- 0.00, N = 5SE +/- 0.00, N = 5SE +/- 0.00, N = 511.6611.7511.7411.7411.7911.04-O3 -pipe -fexceptions -m64 -ffat-lto-objects -fno-trapping-math -mtune=skylake1. (CXX) g++ options: -rdynamic

FLAC Audio Encoding

WAV To FLAC

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterFLAC Audio Encoding 1.3.3WAV To FLACWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351503691215SE +/- 0.01, N = 5SE +/- 0.02, N = 5SE +/- 0.00, N = 5SE +/- 0.03, N = 5SE +/- 0.01, N = 5SE +/- 0.00, N = 512.9611.4011.3111.2211.8810.91-O3 -pipe -fexceptions -m64 -ffat-lto-objects -fno-trapping-math -mtune=skylake1. (CXX) g++ options: -fvisibility=hidden -logg -lm

dav1d

Video Input: Summer Nature 4K

OpenBenchmarking.orgFPS, More Is Betterdav1d 0.9.2Video Input: Summer Nature 4KWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 3515050100150200250SE +/- 0.10, N = 3SE +/- 0.09, N = 3SE +/- 0.17, N = 3SE +/- 0.17, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.33, N = 3196.78199.83201.38199.08179.24205.97MIN: 196.39 / MAX: 197.13MIN: 186.99 / MAX: 214.63MIN: 188.52 / MAX: 216.46MIN: 185.38 / MAX: 213.33MIN: 163.44 / MAX: 187.79-O3 -pipe -fexceptions -m64 -ffat-lto-objects -fno-trapping-math -mtune=skylake - MIN: 185 / MAX: 221.411. (CC) gcc options: -pthread -lm

PHPBench

PHP Benchmark Suite

OpenBenchmarking.orgScore, More Is BetterPHPBench 0.8.1PHP Benchmark SuiteWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 35150300K600K900K1200K1500KSE +/- 5080.62, N = 3SE +/- 7825.38, N = 3SE +/- 5193.43, N = 3SE +/- 3459.40, N = 3SE +/- 5847.06, N = 3SE +/- 5988.45, N = 367755212394501243607120026311519201579253

PyBench

Total For Average Test Times

OpenBenchmarking.orgMilliseconds, Fewer Is BetterPyBench 2018-02-16Total For Average Test TimesWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351502004006008001000SE +/- 2.31, N = 3SE +/- 4.04, N = 3SE +/- 2.96, N = 3SE +/- 3.61, N = 3SE +/- 2.73, N = 3SE +/- 2.40, N = 3885650672742619660

SVT-AV1

Encoder Mode: Preset 8 - Input: Bosphorus 1080p

OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterSVT-AV1 0.8.7Encoder Mode: Preset 8 - Input: Bosphorus 1080pWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 3515020406080100SE +/- 1.05, N = 15SE +/- 0.25, N = 3SE +/- 0.23, N = 3SE +/- 0.52, N = 3SE +/- 0.31, N = 3SE +/- 0.32, N = 372.2275.3875.6474.7671.9777.60-O3 -pipe -fexceptions -m64 -ffat-lto-objects -fno-trapping-math -mtune=skylake1. (CXX) g++ options: -mno-avx -mavx2 -mavx512f -mavx512bw -mavx512dq -pie

DaCapo Benchmark

Java Test: Tradesoap

OpenBenchmarking.orgmsec, Fewer Is BetterDaCapo Benchmark 9.12-MR1Java Test: TradesoapWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 3515012002400360048006000SE +/- 61.74, N = 4SE +/- 26.46, N = 4SE +/- 31.08, N = 4SE +/- 31.45, N = 6SE +/- 41.59, N = 4SE +/- 17.69, N = 4556932623064323934422815

libavif avifenc

Encoder Speed: 6

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is Betterlibavif avifenc 0.9.0Encoder Speed: 6Windows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351503691215SE +/- 0.019, N = 3SE +/- 0.034, N = 3SE +/- 0.039, N = 3SE +/- 0.015, N = 3SE +/- 0.046, N = 3SE +/- 0.045, N = 311.70310.41010.36310.20910.4829.4121. (CXX) g++ options: -O3 -fPIC -lm

ParaView

Test: Wavelet Contour - Resolution: 1920 x 1200

OpenBenchmarking.orgMiPolys / Sec, More Is BetterParaView 5.9Test: Wavelet Contour - Resolution: 1920 x 1200Windows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351508001600240032004000SE +/- 7.77, N = 3SE +/- 2.80, N = 3SE +/- 2.97, N = 3SE +/- 26.33, N = 3SE +/- 4.88, N = 3SE +/- 0.88, N = 33225.223606.793605.843667.283617.213585.14

ParaView

Test: Wavelet Contour - Resolution: 1920 x 1200

OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames / Sec, More Is BetterParaView 5.9Test: Wavelet Contour - Resolution: 1920 x 1200Windows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 3515080160240320400SE +/- 0.75, N = 3SE +/- 0.27, N = 3SE +/- 0.29, N = 3SE +/- 2.52, N = 3SE +/- 0.47, N = 3SE +/- 0.08, N = 3309.49346.10346.01351.90347.10344.02

DaCapo Benchmark

Java Test: Jython

OpenBenchmarking.orgmsec, Fewer Is BetterDaCapo Benchmark 9.12-MR1Java Test: JythonWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351507001400210028003500SE +/- 32.90, N = 4SE +/- 16.45, N = 20SE +/- 17.44, N = 4SE +/- 21.80, N = 4SE +/- 26.50, N = 4SE +/- 21.30, N = 4326129542881306330512662

TSCP

AI Chess Performance

OpenBenchmarking.orgNodes Per Second, More Is BetterTSCP 1.81AI Chess PerformanceWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 35150400K800K1200K1600K2000KSE +/- 4663.34, N = 5SE +/- 1555.43, N = 5SE +/- 13981.40, N = 5SE +/- 1666.88, N = 5SE +/- 2553.90, N = 5SE +/- 4330.43, N = 5190585118708541867472193663719380081939397-pipe -fexceptions -m64 -ffat-lto-objects -fno-trapping-math -mtune=skylake1. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -march=native

Geometric Mean Of All Test Results

Result Composite - Intel Core i9 11900K Windows 11 vs. Linux Benchmarks

OpenBenchmarking.orgGeometric Mean, More Is BetterGeometric Mean Of All Test ResultsResult Composite - Intel Core i9 11900K Windows 11 vs. Linux BenchmarksWindows 11 ProUbuntu 21.10Arch LinuxFedora Workstation 35Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTSClear Linux 351502468107.2348.1298.1028.0458.0468.507

Number Of First Place Finishes

Wins - 44 Tests

Windows 11 Pro3 [6.8%]Ubuntu 21.101 [2.3%]Arch Linux1 [2.3%]Fedora Workstation 354 [9.1%]Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS2 [4.5%]Clear Linux 3515033 [75.0%]Number Of First Place FinishesWins - 44 TestsOpenBenchmarking.org

Number Of Last Place Finishes

Losses - 44 Tests

Windows 11 Pro34 [77.3%]Ubuntu 21.101 [2.3%]Arch Linux2 [4.5%]Fedora Workstation 352 [4.5%]Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS4 [9.1%]Clear Linux 351501 [2.3%]Number Of Last Place FinishesLosses - 44 TestsOpenBenchmarking.org

Phoronix Test Suite v10.8.4