dmesg - AWS_EC2_r6g.large
Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
Linux version 4.14.238-182.422.amzn2.aarch64 (mockbuild@ip-10-0-1-185) (gcc version 7.3.1 20180712 (Red Hat 7.3.1-13) (GCC)) #1 SMP Tue Jul 20 20:36:04 UTC 2021
Boot CPU: AArch64 Processor [413fd0c1]
efi: Getting EFI parameters from FDT:
efi: EFI v2.70 by EDK II
efi: SMBIOS=0x7bee0000 ACPI=0x786e0000 ACPI 2.0=0x786e0014 MEMATTR=0x7a6a3018 RNG=0x7bfded98 MEMRESERVE=0x78510e98
efi: seeding entropy pool
cma: Reserved 64 MiB at 0x000000007c000000
ACPI: Early table checksum verification disabled
ACPI: RSDP 0x00000000786E0014 000024 (v02 AMAZON)
ACPI: XSDT 0x00000000786D00E8 000064 (v01 AMAZON AMZNFACP 00000001 01000013)
ACPI: FACP 0x00000000786B0000 000114 (v06 AMAZON AMZNFACP 00000001 AMZN 00000001)
ACPI: DSDT 0x0000000078640000 00154F (v03 AMAZON AMZNDSDT 00000001 INTL 20160527)
ACPI: APIC 0x00000000786C0000 000108 (v03 AMAZON AMZNAPIC 00000001 AMZN 00000001)
ACPI: SPCR 0x00000000786A0000 000050 (v02 AMAZON AMZNSPCR 00000001 AMZN 00000001)
ACPI: GTDT 0x0000000078690000 000060 (v02 AMAZON AMZNGTDT 00000001 AMZN 00000001)
ACPI: MCFG 0x0000000078680000 00003C (v02 AMAZON AMZNMCFG 00000001 AMZN 00000001)
ACPI: SLIT 0x0000000078670000 00002D (v01 AMAZON AMZNSLIT 00000001 AMZN 00000001)
ACPI: IORT 0x0000000078660000 000078 (v01 AMAZON AMZNIORT 00000001 AMZN 00000001)
ACPI: PPTT 0x0000000078650000 0000D4 (v02 AMAZON AMZNPPTT 00000001 AMZN 00000001)
ACPI: SPCR: console: uart,mmio,0x90a0000,115200
ACPI: NUMA: Failed to initialise from firmware
NUMA: Faking a node at [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x00000007b4ffffff]
NUMA: NODE_DATA [mem 0x7b4ff0500-0x7b4ff1fff]
Zone ranges:
DMA [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x00000000ffffffff]
Normal [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x00000007b4ffffff]
Movable zone start for each node
Early memory node ranges
node 0: [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x00000000786effff]
node 0: [mem 0x00000000786f0000-0x000000007872ffff]
node 0: [mem 0x0000000078730000-0x000000007bbfffff]
node 0: [mem 0x000000007bc00000-0x000000007bfdffff]
node 0: [mem 0x000000007bfe0000-0x000000007fffffff]
node 0: [mem 0x0000000400000000-0x00000007b4ffffff]
Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x00000007b4ffffff]
On node 0 totalpages: 4149248
DMA zone: 4096 pages used for memmap
DMA zone: 0 pages reserved
DMA zone: 262144 pages, LIFO batch:31
Normal zone: 60736 pages used for memmap
Normal zone: 3887104 pages, LIFO batch:31
psci: probing for conduit method from ACPI.
psci: PSCIv1.0 detected in firmware.
psci: Using standard PSCI v0.2 function IDs
psci: Trusted OS migration not required
psci: SMC Calling Convention v1.1
random: get_random_bytes called from start_kernel+0xac/0x428 with crng_init=0
percpu: Embedded 24 pages/cpu s61336 r8192 d28776 u98304
pcpu-alloc: s61336 r8192 d28776 u98304 alloc=24*4096
pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 [0] 1
Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU0
CPU features: enabling workaround for ARM erratum 1542419 (kernel portion)
CPU features: enabling workaround for ARM erratum 1418040
CPU features: detected: Speculative Store Bypassing Safe (SSBS)
Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 4084416
Policy zone: Normal
PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0x7bbc0000-0x7bc00000] (0MB)
Memory: 16221760K/16596992K available (9020K kernel code, 1848K rwdata, 3280K rodata, 1088K init, 9183K bss, 309696K reserved, 65536K cma-reserved)
Virtual kernel memory layout:
modules : 0xffff000000000000 - 0xffff000008000000 ( 128 MB)
vmalloc : 0xffff000008000000 - 0xffff7dffbfff0000 (129022 GB)
.text : 0xffff000008080000 - 0xffff000008950000 ( 9024 KB)
.rodata : 0xffff000008950000 - 0xffff000008c90000 ( 3328 KB)
.init : 0xffff000008c90000 - 0xffff000008da0000 ( 1088 KB)
.data : 0xffff000008da0000 - 0xffff000008f6e200 ( 1849 KB)
.bss : 0xffff000008f6e200 - 0xffff000009866070 ( 9184 KB)
fixed : 0xffff7dfffe7f9000 - 0xffff7dfffec00000 ( 4124 KB)
PCI I/O : 0xffff7dfffee00000 - 0xffff7dffffe00000 ( 16 MB)
vmemmap : 0xffff7e0000000000 - 0xffff800000000000 ( 2048 GB maximum)
0xffff7e0000000000 - 0xffff7e001dd40000 ( 477 MB actual)
memory : 0xffff800000000000 - 0xffff800775000000 ( 30544 MB)
SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=2, Nodes=1
ftrace: allocating 30916 entries in 121 pages
Hierarchical RCU implementation.
RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=4096 to nr_cpu_ids=2.
RCU: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=2
NR_IRQS: 64, nr_irqs: 64, preallocated irqs: 0
GICv3: no VLPI support, no direct LPI support
GICv3: CPU0: found redistributor 0 region 0:0x0000000010200000
ACPI: SRAT not present
ITS [mem 0x10080000-0x1009ffff]
ITS@0x0000000010080000: allocated 8192 Devices @7a4920000 (indirect, esz 8, psz 64K, shr 1)
ITS@0x0000000010080000: allocated 8192 Interrupt Collections @7a4930000 (flat, esz 8, psz 64K, shr 1)
GICv3: using LPI property table @0x00000007a4940000
ITS: Using hypervisor restricted LPI range [128]
GICv3: CPU0: using allocated LPI pending table @0x00000007a4950000
arch_timer: cp15 timer(s) running at 121.87MHz (virt).
clocksource: arch_sys_counter: mask: 0xffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x383759f8ff, max_idle_ns: 881590415659 ns
sched_clock: 56 bits at 121MHz, resolution 8ns, wraps every 4398046511103ns
Console: colour dummy device 80x25
console [tty0] enabled
Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 243.75 BogoMIPS (lpj=1218750)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
ACPI: Core revision 20170728
ACPI: 1 ACPI AML tables successfully acquired and loaded
Security Framework initialized
Yama: becoming mindful.
SELinux: Initializing.
SELinux: Starting in permissive mode
Dentry cache hash table entries: 2097152 (order: 12, 16777216 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 1048576 (order: 11, 8388608 bytes)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
ASID allocator initialised with 32768 entries
Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
PCI/MSI: ITS@0x10080000 domain created
Platform MSI: ITS@0x10080000 domain created
Remapping and enabling EFI services.
EFI remap 0x0000000009010000 => 0000000020000000
EFI remap 0x0000000009050000 => 0000000020010000
EFI remap 0x00000000786f0000 => 0000000020020000
EFI remap 0x000000007bc00000 => 0000000020060000
EFI remap 0x000000007bd90000 => 00000000201f0000
smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU1
GICv3: CPU1: found redistributor 100 region 0:0x0000000010220000
GICv3: CPU1: using allocated LPI pending table @0x00000007a4960000
CPU1: Booted secondary processor [413fd0c1]
smp: Brought up 1 node, 2 CPUs
SMP: Total of 2 processors activated.
CPU features: detected: GIC system register CPU interface
CPU features: detected: Privileged Access Never
CPU features: detected: LSE atomic instructions
CPU features: detected: User Access Override
CPU features: detected: 32-bit EL0 Support
CPU: All CPU(s) started at EL1
alternatives: patching kernel code
devtmpfs: initialized
Registered cp15_barrier emulation handler
Registered setend emulation handler
clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
futex hash table entries: 512 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
SMBIOS 2.7 present.
DMI: Amazon EC2 r6g.large/, BIOS 1.0 11/1/2018
NET: Registered protocol family 16
cpuidle: using governor menu
vdso: 2 pages (1 code @ ffff000008957000, 1 data @ ffff000008da5000)
hw-breakpoint: found 6 breakpoint and 4 watchpoint registers.
DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic allocations
ACPI: bus type PCI registered
acpiphp: ACPI Hot Plug PCI Controller Driver version: 0.5
HugeTLB registered 2.00 MiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
ACPI: Added _OSI(Module Device)
ACPI: Added _OSI(Processor Device)
ACPI: Added _OSI(3.0 _SCP Extensions)
ACPI: Added _OSI(Processor Aggregator Device)
ACPI: Interpreter enabled
ACPI: Using GIC for interrupt routing
ACPI: MCFG table detected, 1 entries
ACPI: PCI Root Bridge [PCI0] (domain 0000 [bus 00-0f])
acpi PNP0A08:00: _OSC: OS supports [ExtendedConfig ASPM ClockPM Segments MSI]
acpi PNP0A08:00: _OSC: OS now controls [PCIeHotplug PME AER PCIeCapability]
acpi PNP0A08:00: ECAM area [mem 0x20000000-0x20ffffff] reserved by PNP0C02:00
acpi PNP0A08:00: ECAM at [mem 0x20000000-0x20ffffff] for [bus 00-0f]
Remapped I/O 0x000000001fff0000 to [io 0x0000-0xffff window]
acpiphp: Slot [1] registered
acpiphp: Slot [2] registered
acpiphp: Slot [3] registered
acpiphp: Slot [4] registered
acpiphp: Slot [5] registered
acpiphp: Slot [6] registered
acpiphp: Slot [7] registered
acpiphp: Slot [8] registered
acpiphp: Slot [9] registered
acpiphp: Slot [10] registered
acpiphp: Slot [11] registered
acpiphp: Slot [12] registered
acpiphp: Slot [13] registered
acpiphp: Slot [14] registered
acpiphp: Slot [15] registered
acpiphp: Slot [16] registered
acpiphp: Slot [17] registered
acpiphp: Slot [18] registered
acpiphp: Slot [19] registered
acpiphp: Slot [20] registered
acpiphp: Slot [21] registered
acpiphp: Slot [22] registered
acpiphp: Slot [23] registered
acpiphp: Slot [24] registered
acpiphp: Slot [25] registered
acpiphp: Slot [26] registered
acpiphp: Slot [27] registered
acpiphp: Slot [28] registered
acpiphp: Slot [29] registered
acpiphp: Slot [30] registered
acpiphp: Slot [31] registered
PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x80000000-0xffffffff window]
pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io 0x0000-0xffff window]
pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x400000000000-0x407fffffffff window]
pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [bus 00-0f]
pci 0000:00:00.0: [1d0f:0200] type 00 class 0x060000
pci 0000:00:01.0: [1d0f:8250] type 00 class 0x070003
pci 0000:00:01.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x80118000-0x80118fff]
pci 0000:00:04.0: [1d0f:8061] type 00 class 0x010802
pci 0000:00:04.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x80114000-0x80117fff]
pci 0000:00:04.0: PME# supported from D0 D1 D2 D3hot D3cold
pci 0000:00:05.0: [1d0f:ec20] type 00 class 0x020000
pci 0000:00:05.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x80110000-0x80113fff]
pci 0000:00:05.0: reg 0x18: [mem 0x80000000-0x800fffff pref]
pci 0000:00:05.0: reg 0x20: [mem 0x80100000-0x8010ffff]
pci 0000:00:05.0: PME# supported from D0 D1 D2 D3hot D3cold
pci 0000:00:05.0: BAR 2: assigned [mem 0x80000000-0x800fffff pref]
pci 0000:00:05.0: BAR 4: assigned [mem 0x80100000-0x8010ffff]
pci 0000:00:04.0: BAR 0: assigned [mem 0x80110000-0x80113fff]
pci 0000:00:05.0: BAR 0: assigned [mem 0x80114000-0x80117fff]
pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 0: assigned [mem 0x80118000-0x80118fff]
pci_bus 0000:00: resource 4 [mem 0x80000000-0xffffffff window]
pci_bus 0000:00: resource 5 [io 0x0000-0xffff window]
pci_bus 0000:00: resource 6 [mem 0x400000000000-0x407fffffffff window]
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [GSI0] (IRQs *35)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [GSI1] (IRQs *36)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [GSI2] (IRQs *37)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [GSI3] (IRQs *38)
vgaarb: loaded
SCSI subsystem initialized
libata version 3.00 loaded.
ACPI: bus type USB registered
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
EDAC MC: Ver: 3.0.0
Registered efivars operations
NetLabel: Initializing
NetLabel: domain hash size = 128
NetLabel: protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4 CALIPSO
NetLabel: unlabeled traffic allowed by default
clocksource: Switched to clocksource arch_sys_counter
VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.6.0
VFS: Dquot-cache hash table entries: 512 (order 0, 4096 bytes)
pnp: PnP ACPI init
system 00:00: [mem 0x20000000-0x2fffffff] could not be reserved
system 00:00: Plug and Play ACPI device, IDs PNP0c02 (active)
pnp: PnP ACPI: found 1 devices
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP idents hash table entries: 262144 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 131072 bind 65536)
UDP hash table entries: 8192 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 8192 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 128
Unpacking initramfs...
Freeing initrd memory: 17416K
hw perfevents: enabled with armv8_pmuv3_0 PMU driver, 4 counters available
kvm [1]: HYP mode not available
audit: initializing netlink subsys (disabled)
audit: type=2000 audit(0.129:1): state=initialized audit_enabled=0 res=1
Initialise system trusted keyrings
workingset: timestamp_bits=44 max_order=22 bucket_order=0
zbud: loaded
SELinux: Registering netfilter hooks
NET: Registered protocol family 38
Key type asymmetric registered
Asymmetric key parser 'x509' registered
Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 250)
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadline registered (default)
io scheduler cfq registered
io scheduler mq-deadline registered
io scheduler kyber registered
atomic64_test: passed
pl061_gpio ARMH0061:00: PL061 GPIO chip @0x0000000009030000 registered
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 48 @ IRQ 10
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 49 @ IRQ 11
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 50 @ IRQ 12
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 51 @ IRQ 13
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 52 @ IRQ 14
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 53 @ IRQ 15
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 54 @ IRQ 16
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 55 @ IRQ 17
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 56 @ IRQ 18
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 57 @ IRQ 19
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 58 @ IRQ 20
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 59 @ IRQ 21
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 60 @ IRQ 22
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 61 @ IRQ 23
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 62 @ IRQ 24
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 63 @ IRQ 25
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 64 @ IRQ 26
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 65 @ IRQ 27
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 66 @ IRQ 28
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 67 @ IRQ 29
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 68 @ IRQ 30
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 69 @ IRQ 31
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 70 @ IRQ 32
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 71 @ IRQ 33
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 72 @ IRQ 34
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 73 @ IRQ 35
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 74 @ IRQ 36
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 75 @ IRQ 37
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 76 @ IRQ 38
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 77 @ IRQ 39
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 78 @ IRQ 40
acpi-ged ACPI0013:00: GED listening GSI 79 @ IRQ 41
input: Power Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0C0C:00/input/input0
ACPI: Power Button [PWRB]
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [GSI2] enabled at IRQ 37
serial 0000:00:01.0: enabling device (0010 -> 0012)
console [ttyS0] disabled
0000:00:01.0: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x80118000 (irq = 7, base_baud = 115200) is a 16550A
console [ttyS0] enabled
rdac: device handler registered
hp_sw: device handler registered
emc: device handler registered
alua: device handler registered
libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
ehci-pci: EHCI PCI platform driver
ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
ohci-pci: OHCI PCI platform driver
uhci_hcd: USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial_generic
mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
rtc-efi rtc-efi: rtc core: registered rtc-efi as rtc0
i2c /dev entries driver
IR NEC protocol handler initialized
IR RC5(x/sz) protocol handler initialized
IR RC6 protocol handler initialized
IR JVC protocol handler initialized
IR Sony protocol handler initialized
IR SANYO protocol handler initialized
IR Sharp protocol handler initialized
IR MCE Keyboard/mouse protocol handler initialized
IR XMP protocol handler initialized
EFI Variables Facility v0.08 2004-May-17
hidraw: raw HID events driver (C) Jiri Kosina
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
usbhid: USB HID core driver
drop_monitor: Initializing network drop monitor service
Initializing XFRM netlink socket
NET: Registered protocol family 10
Segment Routing with IPv6
NET: Registered protocol family 17
registered taskstats version 1
Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates
alg: No test for pkcs1pad(rsa,sha1) (pkcs1pad(rsa-generic,sha1))
Loaded X.509 cert 'Build time autogenerated kernel key: fda99add0708bf7d79a8d9babc0c6453f9179950'
zswap: loaded using pool lzo/zbud
Key type big_key registered
rtc-efi rtc-efi: setting system clock to 2021-08-27 13:12:35 UTC (1630069955)
Freeing unused kernel memory: 1088K
random: systemd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read)
random: systemd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read)
random: systemd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read)
systemd[1]: systemd 219 running in system mode. (+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA -APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ +LZ4 -SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD +IDN)
systemd[1]: Detected architecture arm64.
systemd[1]: Running in initial RAM disk.
systemd[1]: No hostname configured.
systemd[1]: Set hostname to .
systemd[1]: Initializing machine ID from random generator.
systemd[1]: Reached target Swap.
systemd[1]: Started Dispatch Password Requests to Console Directory Watch.
systemd[1]: Created slice Root Slice.
systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket.
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [GSI0] enabled at IRQ 35
nvme nvme0: pci function 0000:00:04.0
GPT:Primary header thinks Alt. header is not at the end of the disk.
GPT:16777215 != 419430399
GPT:Alternate GPT header not at the end of the disk.
GPT:16777215 != 419430399
GPT: Use GNU Parted to correct GPT errors.
nvme0n1: p1 p128
SGI XFS with ACLs, security attributes, no debug enabled
XFS (nvme0n1p1): Mounting V5 Filesystem
XFS (nvme0n1p1): Ending clean mount
random: fast init done
systemd-journald[215]: Received SIGTERM from PID 1 (systemd).
systemd: 19 output lines suppressed due to ratelimiting
SELinux: Disabled at runtime.
SELinux: Unregistering netfilter hooks
audit: type=1404 audit(1630069957.229:2): selinux=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295
ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
systemd[1]: Inserted module 'ip_tables'
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [GSI1] enabled at IRQ 36
ena 0000:00:05.0: Elastic Network Adapter (ENA) v2.5.0g
ena 0000:00:05.0: enabling device (0010 -> 0012)
ena 0000:00:05.0: ENA device version: 0.10
ena 0000:00:05.0: ENA controller version: 0.0.1 implementation version 1
systemd-journald[345]: Received request to flush runtime journal from PID 1
ena 0000:00:05.0: Elastic Network Adapter (ENA) found at mem 80114000, mac addr 06:0c:d6:fd:80:b6
device-mapper: uevent: version 1.0.3
device-mapper: ioctl: 4.37.0-ioctl (2017-09-20) initialised: dm-devel@redhat.com
RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
random: crng init done
random: 7 urandom warning(s) missed due to ratelimiting
ena 0000:00:05.0 eth0: Local page cache is disabled for less than 16 channels