Intel AMD Ubuntu Linux 4.10 - Office

Intel Core and Xeon Linux benchmarks plus AMD APUs and CPUs coming with the Phoronix Test Suite for future comparison.

HTML result view exported from: https://openbenchmarking.org/result/1701066-RI-OFFICE77691&grr&rdt.

Intel AMD Ubuntu Linux 4.10 - OfficeProcessorMotherboardChipsetMemoryDiskGraphicsAudioMonitorNetworkOSKernelDesktopDisplay ServerDisplay DriverOpenGLVulkanCompilerFile-SystemScreen ResolutionCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790KIntel Core i7-5775C @ 3.70GHz (8 Cores)CompuLab v1.0Intel Broadwell-U- DMI16384MB256GB ADATA SP310eVGA NVIDIA GeForce GTX 950 2048MBRealtek ALC886Acer P243WIntel Connection I218-LM + Intel Wireless 7260Ubuntu 16.104.10.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20170104Unity 7.5.0X Server 1.18.4nouveau 1.0.134.1 Mesa 13.1.0-devel- padoka PPA Gallium 0.41.0.3GCC 6.2.0 20161005ext41920x1200Intel Core i5-6600K @ 3.90GHz (4 Cores)MSI Z170A GAMING PRO (MS-7984) v1.0Intel Skylake15360MB256GB TS256GSSD370SIntel HD 530 (Skylake GT2) 3072MBRealtek ALC1150DELL P2415QIntel Connectionmodesetting 1.18.44.5 Mesa 13.1.0-devel- padoka PPA1.0.21GCC 6.2.0 20161005 + LLVM 4.0.03840x2160Intel Core i7-6800K @ 3.80GHz (12 Cores)MSI X99A WORKSTATION (MS-7A54) v1.0Intel Xeon E7 v4/Xeon16384MB120GB Samsung SSD 850 + 4 x 120GB TOSHIBA-TR150NVIDIA GeForce GTX TITAN X 12288MBASUS PB278nouveau 1.0.134.1 Mesa 13.1.0-devel- padoka PPA Gallium 0.41.0.3GCC 6.2.0 201610052560x1440Intel Xeon E5-2687W v3 @ 3.50GHz (20 Cores)MSI X99S SLI PLUS (MS-7885) v1.0Intel Xeon E7 v3/Xeon32768MB80GB INTEL SSDSCKGW08NVIDIA GeForce GTX 770 2048MBRealtek ALC892VE2284.3 Mesa 13.1.0-devel- padoka PPA Gallium 0.41920x1080AMD A10-7850K APU with Radeon R7 @ 3.70GHz (4 Cores)Gigabyte F2A88XM-D3HAMD Family 15h7168MB120GB KINGSTON SV300S3AMD Radeon R7 1024MBAMD Kaveri HDMI/DPDELL S2409WRealtek RTL8111/8168/8411modesetting 1.18.44.5 Mesa 13.1.0-devel- padoka PPA Gallium 0.4Intel Core i3-4130 @ 3.40GHz (4 Cores)Intel DH87RLIntel 4th Gen Core DRAM1536MB128GB TOSHIBA THNSNH12Intel Haswell 1536MBIntel Xeon E3-1200 v3/4thIntel Connection I217-V3.3 Mesa 13.1.0-devel- padoka PPAIntel Pentium G3258 @ 3.20GHz (2 Cores)Gigabyte H97M-D3H8192MB250GB SAMSUNG HD253GJIntel Haswell Desktop 1536MBVE228Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411Intel Core i5-6500 @ 3.60GHz (4 Cores)Gigabyte Z170M-D3H-CFIntel Skylake250GB Samsung SSD 850Intel HD 530 (Skylake GT2) 3072MBRealtek ALC892DELL P2415QIntel Connection4.5 Mesa 13.1.0-devel- padoka PPA3840x2160Intel Core i7-4790K @ 4.40GHz (8 Cores)Gigabyte Z97-HD3PIntel 4th Gen Core DRAM16384MB120GB OCZ TRION100Intel Haswell Desktop 1536MBIntel Xeon E3-1200 v3/4thRealtek RTL8111/8168/84114.0 Mesa 13.1.0-devel- padoka PPAOpenBenchmarking.orgCompiler Details- --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libmpx --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic -v Processor Details- Core i7 5775C: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave- Core i5 6600K: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave- Core i7 6800K: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave- Xeon E5-2687W v3: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave- A10-7850K: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq ondemand- Core i3 4130: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave- Pentium G3258: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave- Core i5 6500: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave- Core i7 4790K: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave

Intel AMD Ubuntu Linux 4.10 - Officeblender: BMW27 - CPU-Onlydarktable: Server Room - CPU-onlydarktable: Masskrug - CPU-onlydarktable: Boat - CPU-onlypgbench: Mostly RAM - Normal Load - Read Writeopenssl: RSA 4096-bit Performanceminion: Quasigroupminion: Solitaireencode-mp3: WAV To MP3encode-flac: WAV To FLACc-ray: Total Timebuild-linux-kernel: Time To Compilehimeno: Poisson Pressure Solverttsiod-renderer: Phong Rendering With Soft-Shadow Mappingmafft: Multiple Sequence Alignmentfftw: Float + SSE - 2D FFT Size 2048rodinia: OpenMP CFD Solverparboil: OpenMP MRI Griddingparboil: OpenMP CUTCPparboil: OpenMP LBMnpb: EP.CCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K666.410.380.3922.183005.05658.53138.1577.1410.416.2818.12134.302273.48216.134.441711040.4143.7812.99164.10180.65801.930.680.7050.991746.98665.00126.6171.639.714.8615.75145.202621.23191.536.621749896.7225.3834.64484.60220.73569.850.330.3615.433364.62984.00144.8586.9310.406.5312.1994.482177.46294.453.811395634.0758.678.95113.02262.07592.440.270.2814.072024.021331.53155.4195.7111.416.908.0372.892138.66366.083.421436227.5596.456.58106.85384.111713.560.840.8663.401508.40320.77187.36136.6815.5310.7442.12296.02917.0278.2910.477711.16120.55141.5933.35288.9986.701822.461.021.0589.392795.91269.5311.787.0138.94440.671396.2066.049.989151.24170.1450.9733.48417.2276.941992.360.980.98141.00287.52241.67154.3690.6712.477.9655.07394.701490.5064.2211.9710135151.6922.6932.60393.3489.93933.620.810.8360.761923.92563.90138.3781.4710.645.3218.63171.282366.47161.607.8315742114.6330.2740.80570.53186.38589.600.370.3725.671764.75733.93115.7566.069.105.3014.41117.432522.22244.353.881532354.4034.7011.36180.79209.98OpenBenchmarking.org

Blender

Blend File: BMW27 - Compute: CPU-Only

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterBlender 2.78aBlend File: BMW27 - Compute: CPU-OnlyCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K400800120016002000666.41801.93569.85592.441713.561822.461992.36933.62589.60

Darktable

Test: Server Room - Acceleration: CPU-only

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterDarktable 2.0.5Test: Server Room - Acceleration: CPU-onlyCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K0.22950.4590.68850.9181.1475SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 6SE +/- 0.01, N = 6SE +/- 0.02, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 30.380.680.330.270.841.020.980.810.37

Darktable

Test: Masskrug - Acceleration: CPU-only

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterDarktable 2.0.5Test: Masskrug - Acceleration: CPU-onlyCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K0.23630.47260.70890.94521.1815SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.02, N = 6SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 30.390.700.360.280.861.050.980.830.37

Darktable

Test: Boat - Acceleration: CPU-only

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterDarktable 2.0.5Test: Boat - Acceleration: CPU-onlyCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K306090120150SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.02, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.50, N = 3SE +/- 0.72, N = 3SE +/- 0.65, N = 3SE +/- 0.02, N = 3SE +/- 0.05, N = 322.1850.9915.4314.0763.4089.39141.0060.7625.67

PostgreSQL pgbench

Scaling: Mostly RAM - Test: Normal Load - Mode: Read Write

OpenBenchmarking.orgTPS, More Is BetterPostgreSQL pgbench 9.4.3Scaling: Mostly RAM - Test: Normal Load - Mode: Read WriteCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K7001400210028003500SE +/- 26.97, N = 3SE +/- 26.90, N = 4SE +/- 166.05, N = 6SE +/- 18.24, N = 3SE +/- 8.34, N = 3SE +/- 17.69, N = 3SE +/- 5.53, N = 6SE +/- 48.72, N = 6SE +/- 23.10, N = 33005.051746.983364.622024.021508.402795.91287.521923.921764.751. (CC) gcc options: -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -O3 -march=native -pthread -lpgcommon -lpgport -lpq -lpthread -lrt -lcrypt -ldl -lm

OpenSSL

RSA 4096-bit Performance

OpenBenchmarking.orgSigns Per Second, More Is BetterOpenSSL 1.0.1gRSA 4096-bit PerformanceCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K30060090012001500SE +/- 0.12, N = 3SE +/- 2.06, N = 3SE +/- 0.84, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.29, N = 3SE +/- 0.24, N = 3SE +/- 0.30, N = 3SE +/- 0.35, N = 3SE +/- 2.09, N = 3658.53665.00984.001331.53320.77269.53241.67563.90733.931. (CC) gcc options: -m64 -O3 -lssl -lcrypto -ldl

Minion

Benchmark: Quasigroup

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterMinion 1.8Benchmark: QuasigroupCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KPentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K4080120160200SE +/- 0.18, N = 3SE +/- 0.58, N = 3SE +/- 0.37, N = 3SE +/- 0.17, N = 3SE +/- 3.70, N = 3SE +/- 0.19, N = 3SE +/- 0.35, N = 3SE +/- 1.53, N = 3138.15126.61144.85155.41187.36154.36138.37115.751. (CXX) g++ options: -std=gnu++11 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -rdynamic

Minion

Benchmark: Solitaire

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterMinion 1.8Benchmark: SolitaireCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KPentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K306090120150SE +/- 0.24, N = 3SE +/- 0.78, N = 3SE +/- 0.32, N = 3SE +/- 1.29, N = 3SE +/- 2.25, N = 4SE +/- 0.67, N = 3SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 0.30, N = 377.1471.6386.9395.71136.6890.6781.4766.061. (CXX) g++ options: -std=gnu++11 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -rdynamic

LAME MP3 Encoding

WAV To MP3

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterLAME MP3 Encoding 3.99.3WAV To MP3Core i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K48121620SE +/- 0.03, N = 5SE +/- 0.02, N = 5SE +/- 0.13, N = 5SE +/- 0.04, N = 5SE +/- 0.01, N = 5SE +/- 0.02, N = 5SE +/- 0.00, N = 5SE +/- 0.03, N = 5SE +/- 0.05, N = 510.419.7110.4011.4115.5311.7812.4710.649.10-lncurses-lncurses-lncurses1. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -ffast-math -funroll-loops -fschedule-insns2 -fbranch-count-reg -fforce-addr -pipe -march=native -lm

FLAC Audio Encoding

WAV To FLAC

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterFLAC Audio Encoding 1.3.1WAV To FLACCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K3691215SE +/- 0.05, N = 5SE +/- 0.00, N = 5SE +/- 0.04, N = 5SE +/- 0.01, N = 5SE +/- 0.02, N = 5SE +/- 0.02, N = 5SE +/- 0.00, N = 5SE +/- 0.00, N = 5SE +/- 0.02, N = 56.284.866.536.9010.747.017.965.325.301. (CXX) g++ options: -O3 -march=native -fvisibility=hidden -logg -lm

C-Ray

Total Time

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterC-Ray 1.1Total TimeCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K1224364860SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.02, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 318.1215.7512.198.0342.1238.9455.0718.6314.411. (CC) gcc options: -lm -lpthread -O3 -march=native

Timed Linux Kernel Compilation

Time To Compile

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterTimed Linux Kernel Compilation 4.9Time To CompileCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K100200300400500SE +/- 1.16, N = 3SE +/- 0.80, N = 3SE +/- 1.16, N = 3SE +/- 1.02, N = 3SE +/- 1.14, N = 3SE +/- 1.00, N = 3SE +/- 1.65, N = 3SE +/- 0.97, N = 3SE +/- 1.13, N = 3134.30145.2094.4872.89296.02440.67394.70171.28117.43

Himeno Benchmark

Poisson Pressure Solver

OpenBenchmarking.orgMFLOPS, More Is BetterHimeno Benchmark 3.0Poisson Pressure SolverCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K6001200180024003000SE +/- 0.69, N = 3SE +/- 2.65, N = 3SE +/- 4.77, N = 3SE +/- 4.96, N = 3SE +/- 5.98, N = 3SE +/- 51.25, N = 6SE +/- 4.06, N = 3SE +/- 31.15, N = 3SE +/- 9.32, N = 32273.482621.232177.462138.66917.021396.201490.502366.472522.22-mavx2-mavx2-mavx2-mavx2-mavx2-mavx2-mavx21. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -march=native

TTSIOD 3D Renderer

Phong Rendering With Soft-Shadow Mapping

OpenBenchmarking.orgFPS, More Is BetterTTSIOD 3D Renderer 2.3aPhong Rendering With Soft-Shadow MappingCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K80160240320400SE +/- 0.28, N = 3SE +/- 0.41, N = 3SE +/- 0.35, N = 3SE +/- 1.43, N = 3SE +/- 0.22, N = 3SE +/- 0.16, N = 3SE +/- 0.07, N = 3SE +/- 0.27, N = 3SE +/- 1.81, N = 3216.13191.53294.45366.0878.2966.0464.22161.60244.351. (CXX) g++ options: -O3 -march=native -fomit-frame-pointer -ffast-math -mtune=native -flto -msse -mrecip -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mssse3 -lSDL -lstdc++

Timed MAFFT Alignment

Multiple Sequence Alignment

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterTimed MAFFT Alignment 6.864Multiple Sequence AlignmentCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K3691215SE +/- 0.08, N = 4SE +/- 0.04, N = 3SE +/- 0.10, N = 6SE +/- 0.10, N = 6SE +/- 0.14, N = 3SE +/- 0.02, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 34.446.623.813.4210.479.9811.977.833.881. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -lm -lpthread

FFTW

Build: Float + SSE - Size: 2D FFT Size 2048

OpenBenchmarking.orgMflops, More Is BetterFFTW 3.3.4Build: Float + SSE - Size: 2D FFT Size 2048Core i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K4K8K12K16K20KSE +/- 39.59, N = 5SE +/- 250.43, N = 5SE +/- 74.97, N = 5SE +/- 80.75, N = 5SE +/- 69.54, N = 5SE +/- 25.59, N = 5SE +/- 12.00, N = 5SE +/- 41.21, N = 5SE +/- 70.43, N = 517110.0017498.0013956.0014362.007711.169151.2410135.0015742.0015323.001. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -march=native -lm

Rodinia

Test: OpenMP CFD Solver

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterRodinia 2.4Test: OpenMP CFD SolverCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K4080120160200SE +/- 0.53, N = 3SE +/- 0.08, N = 3SE +/- 0.47, N = 6SE +/- 0.15, N = 3SE +/- 0.12, N = 3SE +/- 0.13, N = 3SE +/- 0.30, N = 3SE +/- 0.07, N = 3SE +/- 0.06, N = 340.4196.7234.0727.55120.55170.14151.69114.6354.401. (CXX) g++ options: -O2 -lOpenCL

Parboil

Test: OpenMP MRI Gridding

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterParboil 2.5Test: OpenMP MRI GriddingCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K306090120150SE +/- 0.80, N = 3SE +/- 0.36, N = 6SE +/- 0.16, N = 3SE +/- 0.81, N = 3SE +/- 0.36, N = 3SE +/- 0.32, N = 3SE +/- 0.27, N = 3SE +/- 0.63, N = 6SE +/- 0.18, N = 343.7825.3858.6796.45141.5950.9722.6930.2734.701. (CXX) g++ options: -lm -lpthread -lgomp -ffast-math -fopenmp

Parboil

Test: OpenMP CUTCP

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterParboil 2.5Test: OpenMP CUTCPCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K918273645SE +/- 0.06, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.46, N = 3SE +/- 0.26, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.05, N = 3SE +/- 0.02, N = 312.9934.648.956.5833.3533.4832.6040.8011.361. (CXX) g++ options: -lm -lpthread -lgomp -ffast-math -fopenmp

Parboil

Test: OpenMP LBM

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterParboil 2.5Test: OpenMP LBMCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K120240360480600SE +/- 0.04, N = 3SE +/- 0.05, N = 3SE +/- 0.14, N = 3SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 3.08, N = 3SE +/- 2.05, N = 3SE +/- 0.06, N = 3SE +/- 0.30, N = 3SE +/- 0.09, N = 3164.10484.60113.02106.85288.99417.22393.34570.53180.791. (CXX) g++ options: -lm -lpthread -lgomp -ffast-math -fopenmp

NAS Parallel Benchmarks

Test / Class: EP.C

OpenBenchmarking.orgTotal Mop/s, More Is BetterNAS Parallel Benchmarks 3.3Test / Class: EP.CCore i7 5775CCore i5 6600KCore i7 6800KXeon E5-2687W v3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Pentium G3258Core i5 6500Core i7 4790K80160240320400SE +/- 0.13, N = 3SE +/- 0.38, N = 3SE +/- 3.63, N = 3SE +/- 0.36, N = 3SE +/- 0.75, N = 3SE +/- 1.05, N = 3SE +/- 0.16, N = 3SE +/- 0.13, N = 3SE +/- 0.74, N = 3180.65220.73262.07384.1186.7076.9489.93186.38209.981. (F9X) gfortran options: -O3 -march=native -pthread -lmpi_usempif08 -lmpi_mpifh -lmpi2. Open MPI 1.10.3

Phoronix Test Suite v10.8.4