Intel AMD Ubuntu Linux 4.10 - Office

Intel Core and Xeon Linux benchmarks plus AMD APUs and CPUs coming with the Phoronix Test Suite for future comparison.

HTML result view exported from: https://openbenchmarking.org/result/1701066-RI-OFFICE77691.

Intel AMD Ubuntu Linux 4.10 - OfficeProcessorMotherboardChipsetMemoryDiskGraphicsAudioMonitorNetworkOSKernelDesktopDisplay ServerDisplay DriverOpenGLVulkanCompilerFile-SystemScreen ResolutionA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790KAMD A10-7850K APU with Radeon R7 @ 3.70GHz (4 Cores)Gigabyte F2A88XM-D3HAMD Family 15h7168MB120GB KINGSTON SV300S3AMD Radeon R7 1024MBAMD Kaveri HDMI/DPDELL S2409WRealtek RTL8111/8168/8411Ubuntu 16.104.10.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20170104Unity 7.5.0X Server 1.18.4modesetting 1.18.44.5 Mesa 13.1.0-devel- padoka PPA Gallium 0.41.0.3GCC 6.2.0 20161005ext41920x1080Intel Core i3-4130 @ 3.40GHz (4 Cores)Intel DH87RLIntel 4th Gen Core DRAM1536MB128GB TOSHIBA THNSNH12Intel Haswell 1536MBIntel Xeon E3-1200 v3/4thIntel Connection I217-V3.3 Mesa 13.1.0-devel- padoka PPAIntel Core i5-6500 @ 3.60GHz (4 Cores)Gigabyte Z170M-D3H-CFIntel Skylake8192MB250GB Samsung SSD 850Intel HD 530 (Skylake GT2) 3072MBRealtek ALC892DELL P2415QIntel Connection4.5 Mesa 13.1.0-devel- padoka PPA3840x2160Intel Core i5-6600K @ 3.90GHz (4 Cores)MSI Z170A GAMING PRO (MS-7984) v1.015360MB256GB TS256GSSD370SRealtek ALC11501.0.21GCC 6.2.0 20161005 + LLVM 4.0.0Intel Core i7-5775C @ 3.70GHz (8 Cores)CompuLab v1.0Intel Broadwell-U- DMI16384MB256GB ADATA SP310eVGA NVIDIA GeForce GTX 950 2048MBRealtek ALC886Acer P243WIntel Connection I218-LM + Intel Wireless 7260nouveau 1.0.134.1 Mesa 13.1.0-devel- padoka PPA Gallium 0.41.0.3GCC 6.2.0 201610051920x1200Intel Core i7-6800K @ 3.80GHz (12 Cores)MSI X99A WORKSTATION (MS-7A54) v1.0Intel Xeon E7 v4/Xeon120GB Samsung SSD 850 + 4 x 120GB TOSHIBA-TR150NVIDIA GeForce GTX TITAN X 12288MBRealtek ALC1150ASUS PB278Intel Connection2560x1440Intel Pentium G3258 @ 3.20GHz (2 Cores)Gigabyte H97M-D3HIntel 4th Gen Core DRAM8192MB250GB SAMSUNG HD253GJIntel Haswell Desktop 1536MBIntel Xeon E3-1200 v3/4thVE228Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411modesetting 1.18.43.3 Mesa 13.1.0-devel- padoka PPA1920x1080Intel Xeon E5-2687W v3 @ 3.50GHz (20 Cores)MSI X99S SLI PLUS (MS-7885) v1.0Intel Xeon E7 v3/Xeon32768MB80GB INTEL SSDSCKGW08NVIDIA GeForce GTX 770 2048MBRealtek ALC892Intel Connectionnouveau 1.0.134.3 Mesa 13.1.0-devel- padoka PPA Gallium 0.4Intel Core i7-4790K @ 4.40GHz (8 Cores)Gigabyte Z97-HD3PIntel 4th Gen Core DRAM16384MB120GB OCZ TRION100Intel Haswell Desktop 1536MBIntel Xeon E3-1200 v3/4thDELL P2415QRealtek RTL8111/8168/8411modesetting 1.18.44.0 Mesa 13.1.0-devel- padoka PPA3840x2160OpenBenchmarking.orgCompiler Details- --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-default-pie --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libmpx --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic -v Processor Details- A10-7850K: Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq ondemand- Core i3 4130: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave- Core i5 6500: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave- Core i5 6600K: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave- Core i7 5775C: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave- Core i7 6800K: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave- Pentium G3258: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave- Xeon E5-2687W v3: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave- Core i7 4790K: Scaling Governor: intel_pstate powersave

Intel AMD Ubuntu Linux 4.10 - Officenpb: EP.Cparboil: OpenMP LBMparboil: OpenMP CUTCPparboil: OpenMP MRI Griddingrodinia: OpenMP CFD Solverfftw: Float + SSE - 2D FFT Size 2048mafft: Multiple Sequence Alignmentttsiod-renderer: Phong Rendering With Soft-Shadow Mappinghimeno: Poisson Pressure Solverbuild-linux-kernel: Time To Compilec-ray: Total Timeencode-flac: WAV To FLACencode-mp3: WAV To MP3minion: Solitaireminion: Quasigroupopenssl: RSA 4096-bit Performancepgbench: Mostly RAM - Normal Load - Read Writedarktable: Boat - CPU-onlydarktable: Masskrug - CPU-onlydarktable: Server Room - CPU-onlyblender: BMW27 - CPU-OnlyA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K86.70288.9933.35141.59120.557711.1610.4778.29917.02296.0242.1210.7415.53136.68187.36320.771508.4063.400.860.841713.5676.94417.2233.4850.97170.149151.249.9866.041396.20440.6738.947.0111.78269.532795.9189.391.051.021822.46186.38570.5340.8030.27114.63157427.83161.602366.47171.2818.635.3210.6481.47138.37563.901923.9260.760.830.81933.62220.73484.6034.6425.3896.72174986.62191.532621.23145.2015.754.869.7171.63126.61665.001746.9850.990.700.68801.93180.65164.1012.9943.7840.41171104.44216.132273.48134.3018.126.2810.4177.14138.15658.533005.0522.180.390.38666.41262.07113.028.9558.6734.07139563.81294.452177.4694.4812.196.5310.4086.93144.85984.003364.6215.430.360.33569.8589.93393.3432.6022.69151.691013511.9764.221490.50394.7055.077.9612.4790.67154.36241.67287.52141.000.980.981992.36384.11106.856.5896.4527.55143623.42366.082138.6672.898.036.9011.4195.71155.411331.532024.0214.070.280.27592.44209.98180.7911.3634.7054.40153233.88244.352522.22117.4314.415.309.1066.06115.75733.931764.7525.670.370.37589.60OpenBenchmarking.org

NAS Parallel Benchmarks

Test / Class: EP.C

OpenBenchmarking.orgTotal Mop/s, More Is BetterNAS Parallel Benchmarks 3.3Test / Class: EP.CA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K80160240320400SE +/- 0.75, N = 3SE +/- 1.05, N = 3SE +/- 0.13, N = 3SE +/- 0.38, N = 3SE +/- 0.13, N = 3SE +/- 3.63, N = 3SE +/- 0.16, N = 3SE +/- 0.36, N = 3SE +/- 0.74, N = 386.7076.94186.38220.73180.65262.0789.93384.11209.981. (F9X) gfortran options: -O3 -march=native -pthread -lmpi_usempif08 -lmpi_mpifh -lmpi2. Open MPI 1.10.3

Parboil

Test: OpenMP LBM

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterParboil 2.5Test: OpenMP LBMA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K120240360480600SE +/- 3.08, N = 3SE +/- 2.05, N = 3SE +/- 0.30, N = 3SE +/- 0.05, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 3SE +/- 0.14, N = 3SE +/- 0.06, N = 3SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 0.09, N = 3288.99417.22570.53484.60164.10113.02393.34106.85180.791. (CXX) g++ options: -lm -lpthread -lgomp -ffast-math -fopenmp

Parboil

Test: OpenMP CUTCP

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterParboil 2.5Test: OpenMP CUTCPA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K918273645SE +/- 0.46, N = 3SE +/- 0.26, N = 3SE +/- 0.05, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.06, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.02, N = 333.3533.4840.8034.6412.998.9532.606.5811.361. (CXX) g++ options: -lm -lpthread -lgomp -ffast-math -fopenmp

Parboil

Test: OpenMP MRI Gridding

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterParboil 2.5Test: OpenMP MRI GriddingA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K306090120150SE +/- 0.36, N = 3SE +/- 0.32, N = 3SE +/- 0.63, N = 6SE +/- 0.36, N = 6SE +/- 0.80, N = 3SE +/- 0.16, N = 3SE +/- 0.27, N = 3SE +/- 0.81, N = 3SE +/- 0.18, N = 3141.5950.9730.2725.3843.7858.6722.6996.4534.701. (CXX) g++ options: -lm -lpthread -lgomp -ffast-math -fopenmp

Rodinia

Test: OpenMP CFD Solver

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterRodinia 2.4Test: OpenMP CFD SolverA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K4080120160200SE +/- 0.12, N = 3SE +/- 0.13, N = 3SE +/- 0.07, N = 3SE +/- 0.08, N = 3SE +/- 0.53, N = 3SE +/- 0.47, N = 6SE +/- 0.30, N = 3SE +/- 0.15, N = 3SE +/- 0.06, N = 3120.55170.14114.6396.7240.4134.07151.6927.5554.401. (CXX) g++ options: -O2 -lOpenCL

FFTW

Build: Float + SSE - Size: 2D FFT Size 2048

OpenBenchmarking.orgMflops, More Is BetterFFTW 3.3.4Build: Float + SSE - Size: 2D FFT Size 2048A10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K4K8K12K16K20KSE +/- 69.54, N = 5SE +/- 25.59, N = 5SE +/- 41.21, N = 5SE +/- 250.43, N = 5SE +/- 39.59, N = 5SE +/- 74.97, N = 5SE +/- 12.00, N = 5SE +/- 80.75, N = 5SE +/- 70.43, N = 57711.169151.2415742.0017498.0017110.0013956.0010135.0014362.0015323.001. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -march=native -lm

Timed MAFFT Alignment

Multiple Sequence Alignment

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterTimed MAFFT Alignment 6.864Multiple Sequence AlignmentA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K3691215SE +/- 0.14, N = 3SE +/- 0.02, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 3SE +/- 0.08, N = 4SE +/- 0.10, N = 6SE +/- 0.04, N = 3SE +/- 0.10, N = 6SE +/- 0.04, N = 310.479.987.836.624.443.8111.973.423.881. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -lm -lpthread

TTSIOD 3D Renderer

Phong Rendering With Soft-Shadow Mapping

OpenBenchmarking.orgFPS, More Is BetterTTSIOD 3D Renderer 2.3aPhong Rendering With Soft-Shadow MappingA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K80160240320400SE +/- 0.22, N = 3SE +/- 0.16, N = 3SE +/- 0.27, N = 3SE +/- 0.41, N = 3SE +/- 0.28, N = 3SE +/- 0.35, N = 3SE +/- 0.07, N = 3SE +/- 1.43, N = 3SE +/- 1.81, N = 378.2966.04161.60191.53216.13294.4564.22366.08244.351. (CXX) g++ options: -O3 -march=native -fomit-frame-pointer -ffast-math -mtune=native -flto -msse -mrecip -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mssse3 -lSDL -lstdc++

Himeno Benchmark

Poisson Pressure Solver

OpenBenchmarking.orgMFLOPS, More Is BetterHimeno Benchmark 3.0Poisson Pressure SolverA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K6001200180024003000SE +/- 5.98, N = 3SE +/- 51.25, N = 6SE +/- 31.15, N = 3SE +/- 2.65, N = 3SE +/- 0.69, N = 3SE +/- 4.77, N = 3SE +/- 4.06, N = 3SE +/- 4.96, N = 3SE +/- 9.32, N = 3917.021396.202366.472621.232273.482177.461490.502138.662522.22-mavx2-mavx2-mavx2-mavx2-mavx2-mavx2-mavx21. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -march=native

Timed Linux Kernel Compilation

Time To Compile

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterTimed Linux Kernel Compilation 4.9Time To CompileA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K100200300400500SE +/- 1.14, N = 3SE +/- 1.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.97, N = 3SE +/- 0.80, N = 3SE +/- 1.16, N = 3SE +/- 1.16, N = 3SE +/- 1.65, N = 3SE +/- 1.02, N = 3SE +/- 1.13, N = 3296.02440.67171.28145.20134.3094.48394.7072.89117.43

C-Ray

Total Time

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterC-Ray 1.1Total TimeA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K1224364860SE +/- 0.02, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 342.1238.9418.6315.7518.1212.1955.078.0314.411. (CC) gcc options: -lm -lpthread -O3 -march=native

FLAC Audio Encoding

WAV To FLAC

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterFLAC Audio Encoding 1.3.1WAV To FLACA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K3691215SE +/- 0.02, N = 5SE +/- 0.02, N = 5SE +/- 0.00, N = 5SE +/- 0.00, N = 5SE +/- 0.05, N = 5SE +/- 0.04, N = 5SE +/- 0.00, N = 5SE +/- 0.01, N = 5SE +/- 0.02, N = 510.747.015.324.866.286.537.966.905.301. (CXX) g++ options: -O3 -march=native -fvisibility=hidden -logg -lm

LAME MP3 Encoding

WAV To MP3

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterLAME MP3 Encoding 3.99.3WAV To MP3A10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K48121620SE +/- 0.01, N = 5SE +/- 0.02, N = 5SE +/- 0.03, N = 5SE +/- 0.02, N = 5SE +/- 0.03, N = 5SE +/- 0.13, N = 5SE +/- 0.00, N = 5SE +/- 0.04, N = 5SE +/- 0.05, N = 515.5311.7810.649.7110.4110.4012.4711.419.10-lncurses-lncurses-lncurses1. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -ffast-math -funroll-loops -fschedule-insns2 -fbranch-count-reg -fforce-addr -pipe -march=native -lm

Minion

Benchmark: Solitaire

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterMinion 1.8Benchmark: SolitaireA10-7850KCore i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K306090120150SE +/- 2.25, N = 4SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 0.78, N = 3SE +/- 0.24, N = 3SE +/- 0.32, N = 3SE +/- 0.67, N = 3SE +/- 1.29, N = 3SE +/- 0.30, N = 3136.6881.4771.6377.1486.9390.6795.7166.061. (CXX) g++ options: -std=gnu++11 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -rdynamic

Minion

Benchmark: Quasigroup

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterMinion 1.8Benchmark: QuasigroupA10-7850KCore i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K4080120160200SE +/- 3.70, N = 3SE +/- 0.35, N = 3SE +/- 0.58, N = 3SE +/- 0.18, N = 3SE +/- 0.37, N = 3SE +/- 0.19, N = 3SE +/- 0.17, N = 3SE +/- 1.53, N = 3187.36138.37126.61138.15144.85154.36155.41115.751. (CXX) g++ options: -std=gnu++11 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -rdynamic

OpenSSL

RSA 4096-bit Performance

OpenBenchmarking.orgSigns Per Second, More Is BetterOpenSSL 1.0.1gRSA 4096-bit PerformanceA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K30060090012001500SE +/- 0.29, N = 3SE +/- 0.24, N = 3SE +/- 0.35, N = 3SE +/- 2.06, N = 3SE +/- 0.12, N = 3SE +/- 0.84, N = 3SE +/- 0.30, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 2.09, N = 3320.77269.53563.90665.00658.53984.00241.671331.53733.931. (CC) gcc options: -m64 -O3 -lssl -lcrypto -ldl

PostgreSQL pgbench

Scaling: Mostly RAM - Test: Normal Load - Mode: Read Write

OpenBenchmarking.orgTPS, More Is BetterPostgreSQL pgbench 9.4.3Scaling: Mostly RAM - Test: Normal Load - Mode: Read WriteA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K7001400210028003500SE +/- 8.34, N = 3SE +/- 17.69, N = 3SE +/- 48.72, N = 6SE +/- 26.90, N = 4SE +/- 26.97, N = 3SE +/- 166.05, N = 6SE +/- 5.53, N = 6SE +/- 18.24, N = 3SE +/- 23.10, N = 31508.402795.911923.921746.983005.053364.62287.522024.021764.751. (CC) gcc options: -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -O3 -march=native -pthread -lpgcommon -lpgport -lpq -lpthread -lrt -lcrypt -ldl -lm

Darktable

Test: Boat - Acceleration: CPU-only

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterDarktable 2.0.5Test: Boat - Acceleration: CPU-onlyA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K306090120150SE +/- 0.50, N = 3SE +/- 0.72, N = 3SE +/- 0.02, N = 3SE +/- 0.02, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.65, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.05, N = 363.4089.3960.7650.9922.1815.43141.0014.0725.67

Darktable

Test: Masskrug - Acceleration: CPU-only

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterDarktable 2.0.5Test: Masskrug - Acceleration: CPU-onlyA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K0.23630.47260.70890.94521.1815SE +/- 0.02, N = 6SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 30.861.050.830.700.390.360.980.280.37

Darktable

Test: Server Room - Acceleration: CPU-only

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterDarktable 2.0.5Test: Server Room - Acceleration: CPU-onlyA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K0.22950.4590.68850.9181.1475SE +/- 0.02, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 6SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 6SE +/- 0.00, N = 30.841.020.810.680.380.330.980.270.37

Blender

Blend File: BMW27 - Compute: CPU-Only

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterBlender 2.78aBlend File: BMW27 - Compute: CPU-OnlyA10-7850KCore i3 4130Core i5 6500Core i5 6600KCore i7 5775CCore i7 6800KPentium G3258Xeon E5-2687W v3Core i7 4790K4008001200160020001713.561822.46933.62801.93666.41569.851992.36592.44589.60

Phoronix Test Suite v10.8.4