amd-fx-8320-3-35ghz.more

Running pts/padman-1.1.0, pts/stream-1.2.0, pts/npb-1.2.1, pts/mafft-1.4.0, pts/gcrypt-1.0.3, pts/tscp-1.2.0, pts/john-the-ripper-1.5.1, pts/ttsiod-renderer-1.5.0, pts/x264-1.9.0, pts/graphics-magick-1.6.1, pts/himeno-1.1.0, pts/compress-7zip-1.6.0, pts/c-ray-1.1.0, pts/compress-pbzip2-1.4.0, pts/smallpt-1.0.1, pts/crafty-1.3.0, pts/encode-flac-1.5.0, pts/encode-mp3-1.4.0, pts/ffmpeg-2.3.1, pts/tachyon-1.1.1, pts/openssl-1.9.0 via the Phoronix Test Suite.

HTML result view exported from: https://openbenchmarking.org/result/1504194-KH-1504185KH24&grs.

amd-fx-8320-3-35ghz.moreProcessorMotherboardChipsetMemoryDiskGraphicsAudioMonitorNetworkOSKernelDesktopDisplay ServerDisplay DriverOpenGLCompilerFile-SystemScreen ResolutionSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean installAMD FX-8320 Eight-Core @ 3.50GHz (8 Cores)ASUS M5A97 LE R2.0AMD RD890 bridge16384MB1000GB Silicon-PowerSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000/6000/7350/8350 1024MBRealtek ALC887-VDASUS VS228Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411Ubuntu 14.043.13.0-32-generic (x86_64)Xfce 4.10X Server 1.15.1radeon 7.3.03.3 Mesa 10.1.3 Gallium 0.4GCC 4.8ext41920x1080AMD A8 PRO-7150B R5 10 Compute Cores 4C+6G @ 1.90GHz (4 Cores)HP 221DAMD Family 15h15360MB120GB GOODRAM C50AMD Radeon R6 1024MBAMD Kaveri HDMI/DPRealtek RTL8111/8168/8411 + Broadcom BCM43228 802.11a/b/g/nUbuntu 15.043.19.0-13-generic (x86_64)Xfce 4.12X Server 1.17.1fglrx 15.20.24.4.13374GCC 4.9.21366x768LLVMpiperadeon 7.5.03.0 Mesa 10.5.2 Gallium 0.4AMD Radeon R6 1024MB3.19.0-14-generic (x86_64)3.3 Mesa 10.5.2 Gallium 0.4OpenBenchmarking.orgCompiler Details- Sapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-libmudflap --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64/jre --with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64 --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic -v - AMD A8 + fglrx: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic -v - AMD A8 + radeon: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic -v - AMD + radeon clean install: --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-browser-plugin --disable-vtable-verify --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-gtk-cairo --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-java-home --enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --enable-nls --enable-objc-gc --enable-plugin --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-abi=m64 --with-arch-32=i686 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic -v Processor Details- Scaling Governor: acpi-cpufreq ondemandGraphics Details- Sapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000: EXA- AMD + radeon clean install: GLAMOREnvironment Details- AMD A8 + fglrx: LIBGL_DRIVERS_PATH=/usr/lib/fglrx/dri:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri:/usr/lib/dri:/usr/lib32/fglrx/dri:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/dri

amd-fx-8320-3-35ghz.morepadman: 1920 x 1080openssl: RSA 4096-bit Performancecompress-pbzip2: 256MB File Compressionc-ray: Total Timesmallpt: Global Illumination Renderer; 100 Samplesttsiod-renderer: Phong Rendering With Soft-Shadow Mappingjohn-the-ripper: Blowfishtachyon: Total Timex264: H.264 Video Encodingnpb: LU.Agraphics-magick: Resizinggraphics-magick: HWB Color Spacegraphics-magick: Sharpencrafty: Elapsed Timestream: Copystream: Triadstream: Scalestream: Addgraphics-magick: Local Adaptive Thresholdingencode-flac: WAV To FLACffmpeg: H.264 HD To NTSC DVencode-mp3: WAV To MP3tscp: AI Chess Performancehimeno: Poisson Pressure Solverapache: Static Web Page Servingcompress-7zip: Compress Speed Testjohn-the-ripper: Traditional DESgcrypt: CAMELLIA256-ECB Ciphermafft: Multiple Sequence AlignmentSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install33.67615.378.3029.23106143.71606319.72142.498564.0714716264101.4311046.7011982.1210812.5711846.638011.0923.8420.15707759661.2617359.10194611597500030677.23102.47140.0037.35130.8243033.44149174.6738.832460.58627631190.444980.625467.824943.585463.234618.0635.7030.66558230494.3250014144833529322.6413.3097.2051.25177.0160525.591092109.3727.712093.87465623247.884848.215308.144818.535312.163624.2050.1840.57390058377.1135292999500707332.9999.70164.9030.21102.4935043.03189963.7946.763645.81667337199.699395.959907.169307.359934.694220.7132.8534.39387272475.4257214355667629319.82OpenBenchmarking.org

World of Padman

1920 x 1080

OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterWorld of Padman 1.21920 x 1080Sapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install20406080100SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 2.38, N = 6SE +/- 0.06, N = 3SE +/- 0.89, N = 333.67102.4713.3099.70

OpenSSL

RSA 4096-bit Performance

OpenBenchmarking.orgSigns Per Second, More Is BetterOpenSSL 1.0.1gRSA 4096-bit PerformanceSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install130260390520650SE +/- 0.18, N = 3SE +/- 2.03, N = 6SE +/- 0.80, N = 3SE +/- 0.06, N = 3615.37140.0097.20164.901. (CC) gcc options: -m64 -O3 -lssl -lcrypto -ldl

Parallel BZIP2 Compression

256MB File Compression

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterParallel BZIP2 Compression 1.1.6256MB File CompressionSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install1224364860SE +/- 0.14, N = 3SE +/- 0.41, N = 3SE +/- 0.83, N = 4SE +/- 0.29, N = 38.3037.3551.2530.211. (CXX) g++ options: -O2 -pthread -lbz2 -lpthread

C-Ray

Total Time

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterC-Ray 1.1Total TimeSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install4080120160200SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 1.47, N = 3SE +/- 0.09, N = 3SE +/- 0.02, N = 329.23130.82177.01102.491. (CC) gcc options: -lm -lpthread -O3

Smallpt

Global Illumination Renderer; 100 Samples

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterSmallpt 1.0Global Illumination Renderer; 100 SamplesSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install130260390520650SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 1.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.67, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 31064306053501. (CXX) g++ options: -fopenmp

TTSIOD 3D Renderer

Phong Rendering With Soft-Shadow Mapping

OpenBenchmarking.orgFPS, More Is BetterTTSIOD 3D Renderer 2.2zPhong Rendering With Soft-Shadow MappingSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install306090120150SE +/- 0.24, N = 3SE +/- 0.24, N = 3SE +/- 0.05, N = 3SE +/- 0.08, N = 3143.7133.4425.5943.031. (CXX) g++ options: -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -ffast-math -mtune=native -flto -msse -mrecip -mfpmath=sse -msse2 -mssse3 -lSDL -lstdc++

John The Ripper

Blowfish

OpenBenchmarking.orgReal C/S, More Is BetterJohn The Ripper 1.8.0BlowfishSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install13002600390052006500SE +/- 4.00, N = 3SE +/- 21.99, N = 5SE +/- 3.61, N = 3SE +/- 1.00, N = 360631491109218991. (CC) gcc options: -fopenmp -lcrypt

Tachyon

Total Time

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterTachyon 0.98.9Total TimeSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install20406080100SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.46, N = 3SE +/- 0.63, N = 3SE +/- 0.06, N = 319.7274.67109.3763.791. (CC) gcc options: -m32 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -ffast-math -ltachyon -lm -lpthread

x264

H.264 Video Encoding

OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is Betterx264 2014-08-30H.264 Video EncodingSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install306090120150SE +/- 0.32, N = 5SE +/- 0.40, N = 5SE +/- 0.04, N = 5SE +/- 0.17, N = 5142.4938.8327.7146.761. (CC) gcc options: -ldl -m64 -lm -lpthread -O3 -ffast-math -std=gnu99 -fomit-frame-pointer -fno-tree-vectorize

NAS Parallel Benchmarks

Test / Class: LU.A

OpenBenchmarking.orgTotal Mop/s, More Is BetterNAS Parallel Benchmarks 3.3Test / Class: LU.ASapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install2K4K6K8K10KSE +/- 28.36, N = 3SE +/- 32.58, N = 6SE +/- 11.03, N = 3SE +/- 5.48, N = 38564.072460.582093.873645.811. (F9X) gfortran options: -O3 -march=native -pthread -lmpi_f77 -lmpi -ldl -lhwloc2. Open MPI 1.6.5

GraphicsMagick

Resizing

OpenBenchmarking.orgIterations Per Minute, More Is BetterGraphicsMagick 1.3.19ResizingSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install306090120150SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 0.88, N = 3SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 3147624666-lxml2-ljbig -lwebp -lXext -lSM -lICE -lX11 -llzma -lbz2-ljbig -lwebp -lXext -lSM -lICE -lX11 -llzma -lbz2-ljbig -lwebp -lXext -lSM -lICE -lX11 -llzma -lbz21. (CC) gcc options: -std=gnu99 -fopenmp -O2 -pthread -ljpeg -lz -lm -lgomp -lpthread

GraphicsMagick

HWB Color Space

OpenBenchmarking.orgIterations Per Minute, More Is BetterGraphicsMagick 1.3.19HWB Color SpaceSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install4080120160200SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 0.67, N = 3SE +/- 0.33, N = 3162765673-lxml2-ljbig -lwebp -lXext -lSM -lICE -lX11 -llzma -lbz2-ljbig -lwebp -lXext -lSM -lICE -lX11 -llzma -lbz2-ljbig -lwebp -lXext -lSM -lICE -lX11 -llzma -lbz21. (CC) gcc options: -std=gnu99 -fopenmp -O2 -pthread -ljpeg -lz -lm -lgomp -lpthread

GraphicsMagick

Sharpen

OpenBenchmarking.orgIterations Per Minute, More Is BetterGraphicsMagick 1.3.19SharpenSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install1428425670SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 364312337-lxml2-ljbig -lwebp -lXext -lSM -lICE -lX11 -llzma -lbz2-ljbig -lwebp -lXext -lSM -lICE -lX11 -llzma -lbz2-ljbig -lwebp -lXext -lSM -lICE -lX11 -llzma -lbz21. (CC) gcc options: -std=gnu99 -fopenmp -O2 -pthread -ljpeg -lz -lm -lgomp -lpthread

Crafty

Elapsed Time

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterCrafty 23.4Elapsed TimeSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install50100150200250SE +/- 0.21, N = 3SE +/- 0.74, N = 3SE +/- 1.84, N = 3SE +/- 1.10, N = 3101.43190.44247.88199.691. (CC) gcc options: -lstdc++ -lm

Stream

Type: Copy

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterStream 2013-01-17Type: CopySapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install2K4K6K8K10KSE +/- 25.74, N = 9SE +/- 3.02, N = 10SE +/- 1.14, N = 10SE +/- 4.84, N = 1011046.704980.624848.219395.951. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -march=native -fopenmp

Stream

Type: Triad

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterStream 2013-01-17Type: TriadSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install3K6K9K12K15KSE +/- 46.92, N = 10SE +/- 3.81, N = 10SE +/- 2.24, N = 10SE +/- 6.53, N = 1011982.125467.825308.149907.161. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -march=native -fopenmp

Stream

Type: Scale

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterStream 2013-01-17Type: ScaleSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install2K4K6K8K10KSE +/- 40.31, N = 10SE +/- 2.21, N = 10SE +/- 2.05, N = 10SE +/- 3.45, N = 1010812.574943.584818.539307.351. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -march=native -fopenmp

Stream

Type: Add

OpenBenchmarking.orgMB/s, More Is BetterStream 2013-01-17Type: AddSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install3K6K9K12K15KSE +/- 56.33, N = 8SE +/- 2.77, N = 10SE +/- 2.54, N = 10SE +/- 2.80, N = 1011846.635463.235312.169934.691. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -march=native -fopenmp

GraphicsMagick

Local Adaptive Thresholding

OpenBenchmarking.orgIterations Per Minute, More Is BetterGraphicsMagick 1.3.19Local Adaptive ThresholdingSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install20406080100SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 0.67, N = 3SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 0.00, N = 380463642-lxml2-ljbig -lwebp -lXext -lSM -lICE -lX11 -llzma -lbz2-ljbig -lwebp -lXext -lSM -lICE -lX11 -llzma -lbz2-ljbig -lwebp -lXext -lSM -lICE -lX11 -llzma -lbz21. (CC) gcc options: -std=gnu99 -fopenmp -O2 -pthread -ljpeg -lz -lm -lgomp -lpthread

FLAC Audio Encoding

WAV To FLAC

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterFLAC Audio Encoding 1.3.1WAV To FLACSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install612182430SE +/- 0.02, N = 5SE +/- 0.12, N = 5SE +/- 0.29, N = 8SE +/- 0.01, N = 511.0918.0624.2020.711. (CXX) g++ options: -O2 -fvisibility=hidden -logg -lm

FFmpeg

H.264 HD To NTSC DV

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterFFmpeg 2.1.1H.264 HD To NTSC DVSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install1122334455SE +/- 0.28, N = 3SE +/- 0.68, N = 3SE +/- 0.75, N = 5SE +/- 0.13, N = 323.8435.7050.1832.85-lasound -lSDL -lbz2-lasound -lSDL -lbz2-lasound -lSDL -lbz21. (CC) gcc options: -lavdevice -lavfilter -lavformat -lavcodec -lswresample -lswscale -lavutil -ldl -lm -pthread -std=c99 -fomit-frame-pointer -O3 -fno-math-errno -fno-signed-zeros -fno-tree-vectorize -MMD -MF -MT

LAME MP3 Encoding

WAV To MP3

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterLAME MP3 Encoding 3.99.3WAV To MP3Sapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install918273645SE +/- 0.05, N = 5SE +/- 0.39, N = 7SE +/- 0.47, N = 5SE +/- 0.04, N = 520.1530.6640.5734.391. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -ffast-math -pipe -lm

TSCP

AI Chess Performance

OpenBenchmarking.orgNodes Per Second, More Is BetterTSCP 1.81AI Chess PerformanceSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install150K300K450K600K750KSE +/- 445.01, N = 5SE +/- 3461.48, N = 5SE +/- 2081.93, N = 5SE +/- 54.40, N = 57077595582303900583872721. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -march=native

Himeno Benchmark

Poisson Pressure Solver

OpenBenchmarking.orgMFLOPS, More Is BetterHimeno Benchmark 3.0Poisson Pressure SolverSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install140280420560700SE +/- 2.35, N = 3SE +/- 8.04, N = 4SE +/- 5.56, N = 5SE +/- 7.61, N = 4661.26494.32377.11475.421. (CC) gcc options: -O3

Apache Benchmark

Static Web Page Serving

OpenBenchmarking.orgRequests Per Second, More Is BetterApache Benchmark 2.4.7Static Web Page ServingSapphire AMD Radeon HD 50004K8K12K16K20KSE +/- 15.17, N = 317359.101. (CC) gcc options: -shared -fPIC -O2 -pthread

7-Zip Compression

Compress Speed Test

OpenBenchmarking.orgMIPS, More Is Better7-Zip Compression 9.20.1Compress Speed TestSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install4K8K12K16K20KSE +/- 79.50, N = 3SE +/- 76.73, N = 4SE +/- 89.75, N = 6SE +/- 68.49, N = 3194615001352957211. (CXX) g++ options: -pipe -lpthread

John The Ripper

Traditional DES

OpenBenchmarking.orgReal C/S, More Is BetterJohn The Ripper 1.8.0Traditional DESSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install3M6M9M12M15MSE +/- 30643.11, N = 3SE +/- 89628.65, N = 6SE +/- 165013.69, N = 6SE +/- 20851.33, N = 3159750004144833299950043556671. (CC) gcc options: -fopenmp -lcrypt

Gcrypt Library

CAMELLIA256-ECB Cipher

OpenBenchmarking.orgMicroseconds, Fewer Is BetterGcrypt Library 1.4.4CAMELLIA256-ECB CipherSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install15003000450060007500SE +/- 8.82, N = 3SE +/- 96.01, N = 6SE +/- 194.52, N = 6SE +/- 49.10, N = 330675293707362931. (CC) gcc options: -O2 -fvisibility=hidden

Timed MAFFT Alignment

Multiple Sequence Alignment

OpenBenchmarking.orgSeconds, Fewer Is BetterTimed MAFFT Alignment 6.864Multiple Sequence AlignmentSapphire AMD Radeon HD 5000AMD A8 + fglrxAMD A8 + radeonAMD + radeon clean install816243240SE +/- 0.18, N = 6SE +/- 0.56, N = 6SE +/- 0.28, N = 3SE +/- 0.34, N = 47.2322.6432.9919.821. (CC) gcc options: -O3 -lm -lpthread

Phoronix Test Suite v10.8.4