Graviton4 vs. Graviton3 vs. Graviton2 + AMD EPYC, Intel Xeon AWS
Benchmarks by Michael Larabel for a future article on Phoronix.


Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge: 

	Processor: ARMv8 Neoverse-V2 (64 Cores), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 r8g.16xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Amazon Device 0200, Memory: 496GB, Disk: 429GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic

	OS: Ubuntu 24.04, Kernel: 6.8.0-1009-aws (aarch64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: amazon

Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge: 

	Processor: ARMv8 Neoverse-V1 (64 Cores), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 r7g.16xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Amazon Device 0200, Memory: 496GB, Disk: 429GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic

	OS: Ubuntu 24.04, Kernel: 6.8.0-1009-aws (aarch64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: amazon

EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge: 

	Processor: AMD EPYC 9R14 (64 Cores), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 r7a.16xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Intel 440FX 82441FX PMC, Memory: 1 x 512GB DDR5-4800MT/s, Disk: 429GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Graphics: simpledrmdrmfb, Network: Amazon Elastic

	OS: Ubuntu 24.04, Kernel: 6.8.0-1009-aws (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 800x600, System Layer: amazon

Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge: 

	Processor: ARMv8 Neoverse-N1 (64 Cores), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 r6g.16xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Amazon Device 0200, Memory: 512GB, Disk: 429GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic

	OS: Ubuntu 24.04, Kernel: 6.8.0-1009-aws (aarch64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: amazon


Xmrig 6.21
Variant: KawPow - Hash Count: 1M
H/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 21906.0 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 14540.4 |==============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 11873.5 |========================


Xmrig 6.21
Variant: Monero - Hash Count: 1M
H/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 21872.1 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 14564.0 |==============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 11892.7 |========================


Xmrig 6.21
Variant: Wownero - Hash Count: 1M
H/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 28304.0 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 20409.6 |================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 16874.2 |===========================


Xmrig 6.21
Variant: GhostRider - Hash Count: 1M
H/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 5958.7 |========================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 2108.5 |==============
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 6899.8 |==============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 2067.5 |==============


Xmrig 6.21
Variant: CryptoNight-Heavy - Hash Count: 1M
H/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 21867.2 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 14553.9 |==============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 11885.2 |========================


Xmrig 6.21
Variant: CryptoNight-Femto UPX2 - Hash Count: 1M
H/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 21851.9 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 14547.5 |==============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 11889.4 |========================


GROMACS 2024
Implementation: MPI CPU - Input: water_GMX50_bare
Ns Per Day > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 4.831 |===========================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 4.163 |=======================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 8.519 |===============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 2.709 |===============


OpenFOAM 10
Input: drivaerFastback, Small Mesh Size - Mesh Time
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 18.38 |=======================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 24.78 |===============================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 24.79 |===============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 37.29 |===============================================


OpenFOAM 10
Input: drivaerFastback, Small Mesh Size - Execution Time
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 41.41  |===================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 68.29  |===============================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 43.17  |===================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 102.65 |==============================================


OpenFOAM 10
Input: drivaerFastback, Medium Mesh Size - Mesh Time
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 91.97  |======================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 121.28 |=============================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 124.00 |=============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 194.79 |==============================================


OpenFOAM 10
Input: drivaerFastback, Medium Mesh Size - Execution Time
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 344.17 |==================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 552.57 |=============================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 374.70 |====================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 872.08 |==============================================


Blender 4.0.2
Blend File: Pabellon Barcelona - Compute: CPU-Only
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 202.26 |=============================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 247.60 |===================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 84.52  |============
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 321.20 |==============================================


miniFE 2.2
Problem Size: Small
CG Mflops > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 65410.4 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 36361.7 |=========================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 41274.2 |============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 22674.0 |================


Xcompact3d Incompact3d 2021-03-11
Input: input.i3d 193 Cells Per Direction
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 7.87502066  |=============
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 13.95584840 |======================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 10.91576610 |==================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 25.52030050 |=========================================


Stockfish 16.1
Chess Benchmark
Nodes Per Second > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 81440801 |==========================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 55548662 |=============================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 85180777 |============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 43501453 |======================


7-Zip Compression 24.05
Test: Compression Rating
MIPS > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 383460 |==============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 296731 |====================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 320933 |======================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 229844 |============================


7-Zip Compression 24.05
Test: Decompression Rating
MIPS > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 331505 |==============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 284576 |=======================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 288408 |========================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 232070 |================================


John The Ripper 2023.03.14
Test: bcrypt
Real C/S > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 57038 |=============================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 50709 |==========================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 91409 |===============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 45216 |=======================


John The Ripper 2023.03.14
Test: WPA PSK
Real C/S > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 57444  |=======
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 52631  |=======
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 371747 |==============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 49854  |======


John The Ripper 2023.03.14
Test: Blowfish
Real C/S > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 57032 |=============================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 50679 |==========================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 91221 |===============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 45204 |=======================


John The Ripper 2023.03.14
Test: HMAC-SHA512
Real C/S > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 108066333 |==================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 86689000  |===============
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 256384000 |===========================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 61258333  |==========


John The Ripper 2023.03.14
Test: MD5
Real C/S > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 1579667 |========
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 1451333 |========
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 8647000 |=============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 1332667 |=======


Timed LLVM Compilation 16.0
Build System: Ninja
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 182.06 |========================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 257.85 |==================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 198.50 |===========================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 344.43 |==============================================


C-Ray 2.0
Resolution: 4K - Rays Per Pixel: 16
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 28.32 |=====================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 38.67 |=============================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 49.69 |=====================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 63.70 |===============================================


OpenSSL
Algorithm: ChaCha20
byte/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 101898720323 |=============
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 94147502077  |============
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 308611390393 |========================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 67045933947  |=========


C-Ray 2.0
Resolution: 5K - Rays Per Pixel: 16
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 50.25  |====================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 68.70  |============================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 88.89  |====================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 113.15 |==============================================


OpenSSL
Algorithm: ChaCha20-Poly1305
byte/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 75190548707  |==============
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 69430704540  |=============
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 217491096737 |========================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 46479276533  |=========


OpenSSL
Algorithm: AES-128-GCM
byte/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 299797102137 |========================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 287591524763 |======================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 256101795407 |==================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 156957263187 |=====================


OpenSSL
Algorithm: AES-256-GCM
byte/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 266125150527 |========================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 249095500597 |=====================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 236482948213 |====================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 126510935517 |===================


OpenSSL
Algorithm: RSA4096


OpenSSL
Algorithm: SHA256
byte/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 56971174537 |=========================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 47395512363 |==================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 39206680823 |============================


OpenSSL
Algorithm: SHA512
byte/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 35412809363 |=========================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 30659465710 |===================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 14108556757 |================


Timed Godot Game Engine Compilation 4.0
Time To Compile
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 147.87 |=========================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 195.50 |=================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 127.45 |=====================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 274.04 |==============================================


Timed Gem5 Compilation 23.0.1
Time To Compile
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 186.77 |==========================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 251.40 |===================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 213.29 |=============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 334.81 |==============================================


Timed Node.js Compilation 21.7.2
Time To Compile
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 365.02 |=========================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 571.01 |=======================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 250.43 |=================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 678.01 |==============================================


Liquid-DSP 1.6
Threads: 64 - Buffer Length: 256 - Filter Length: 32
samples/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 3258733333 |==========================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 2573800000 |=================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 2261533333 |=============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 1851200000 |========================


Liquid-DSP 1.6
Threads: 64 - Buffer Length: 256 - Filter Length: 57
samples/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 1929666667 |================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 1654733333 |===========================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 2529533333 |==========================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 1173933333 |===================


Liquid-DSP 1.6
Threads: 64 - Buffer Length: 256 - Filter Length: 512
samples/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 185000000 |==========
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 166313333 |=========
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 759700000 |===========================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 150236667 |=========


srsRAN Project 23.10.1-20240325
Test: PDSCH Processor Benchmark, Throughput Total
Mbps > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 14402.5 |=======================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 12612.6 |====================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 28256.8 |=============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 8104.1  |=============


srsRAN Project 23.10.1-20240325
Test: PUSCH Processor Benchmark, Throughput Total
Mbps > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 1332.5 |==========================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 1053.8 |====================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 2400.2 |==============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 705.9  |==============


Blender 4.0.2
Blend File: Barbershop - Compute: CPU-Only
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 499.63 |============================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 644.98 |====================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 284.63 |================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 832.27 |==============================================


Blender 4.0.2
Blend File: Classroom - Compute: CPU-Only
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 105.39 |=============================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 129.48 |===================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 57.11  |===============
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 169.86 |==============================================


Blender 4.0.2
Blend File: Fishy Cat - Compute: CPU-Only
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 95.01  |==============================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 115.47 |====================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 39.16  |============
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 147.77 |==============================================


ClickHouse 22.12.3.5
100M Rows Hits Dataset, First Run / Cold Cache
Queries Per Minute, Geo Mean > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 449.44 |==========================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 348.41 |=================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 488.88 |==============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 252.63 |========================


Blender 4.0.2
Blend File: BMW27 - Compute: CPU-Only
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 50.64 |=============================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 62.77 |====================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 30.19 |=================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 83.01 |===============================================


ClickHouse 22.12.3.5
100M Rows Hits Dataset, Second Run
Queries Per Minute, Geo Mean > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 479.94 |===========================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 375.29 |==================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 508.87 |==============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 269.15 |========================


ClickHouse 22.12.3.5
100M Rows Hits Dataset, Third Run
Queries Per Minute, Geo Mean > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 495.03 |============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 382.14 |==================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 514.29 |==============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 274.07 |=========================


RocksDB 9.0
Test: Random Read
Op/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 346532586 |===========================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 243166771 |==============================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 324703669 |========================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 165816939 |=====================


RocksDB 9.0
Test: Update Random
Op/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 1274616 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 817470  |=============================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 742898  |==========================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 305604  |===========


RocksDB 9.0
Test: Read While Writing
Op/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 8522597 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 6872389 |====================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 6304192 |=================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 5955845 |===============================


RocksDB 9.0
Test: Read Random Write Random
Op/s > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 5584014 |=============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 4254497 |==================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 3756585 |==============================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 2912791 |=======================


PostgreSQL 16
Scaling Factor: 100 - Clients: 1000 - Mode: Read Only
TPS > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 1947525 |==========================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 1087488 |=======================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 2092710 |=============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 916786  |====================


PostgreSQL 16
Scaling Factor: 100 - Clients: 1000 - Mode: Read Only - Average Latency
ms < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 0.514 |======================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 0.920 |========================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 0.478 |=====================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 1.091 |===============================================


PostgreSQL 16
Scaling Factor: 100 - Clients: 1000 - Mode: Read Write
TPS > Higher Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 4420 |===============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 4541 |================================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 4458 |===============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 4483 |===============================================


PostgreSQL 16
Scaling Factor: 100 - Clients: 1000 - Mode: Read Write - Average Latency
ms < Lower Is Better
Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 226.24 |==============================================
Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 220.27 |=============================================
EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 224.32 |==============================================
Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 223.17 |=============================================