Graviton4 vs. Graviton3 vs. Graviton2 + AMD EPYC, Intel Xeon AWS Benchmarks by Michael Larabel for a future article on Phoronix. Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge: Processor: ARMv8 Neoverse-V2 (64 Cores), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 r8g.16xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Amazon Device 0200, Memory: 496GB, Disk: 429GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic OS: Ubuntu 24.04, Kernel: 6.8.0-1009-aws (aarch64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: amazon Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge: Processor: ARMv8 Neoverse-V1 (64 Cores), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 r7g.16xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Amazon Device 0200, Memory: 496GB, Disk: 429GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic OS: Ubuntu 24.04, Kernel: 6.8.0-1009-aws (aarch64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: amazon EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge: Processor: AMD EPYC 9R14 (64 Cores), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 r7a.16xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Intel 440FX 82441FX PMC, Memory: 1 x 512GB DDR5-4800MT/s, Disk: 429GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Graphics: simpledrmdrmfb, Network: Amazon Elastic OS: Ubuntu 24.04, Kernel: 6.8.0-1009-aws (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 800x600, System Layer: amazon Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge: Processor: ARMv8 Neoverse-N1 (64 Cores), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 r6g.16xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Amazon Device 0200, Memory: 512GB, Disk: 429GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic OS: Ubuntu 24.04, Kernel: 6.8.0-1009-aws (aarch64), Compiler: GCC 13.2.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: amazon miniFE 2.2 Problem Size: Small CG Mflops > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 65410.4 |============================================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 36361.7 |========================= EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 41274.2 |============================ Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 22674.0 |================ Xcompact3d Incompact3d 2021-03-11 Input: input.i3d 193 Cells Per Direction Seconds < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 7.87502066 |============= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 13.95584840 |====================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 10.91576610 |================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 25.52030050 |========================================= OpenFOAM 10 Input: drivaerFastback, Small Mesh Size - Mesh Time Seconds < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 18.38 |======================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 24.78 |=============================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 24.79 |=============================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 37.29 |=============================================== OpenFOAM 10 Input: drivaerFastback, Small Mesh Size - Execution Time Seconds < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 41.41 |=================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 68.29 |=============================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 43.17 |=================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 102.65 |============================================== OpenFOAM 10 Input: drivaerFastback, Medium Mesh Size - Mesh Time Seconds < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 91.97 |====================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 121.28 |============================= EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 124.00 |============================= Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 194.79 |============================================== OpenFOAM 10 Input: drivaerFastback, Medium Mesh Size - Execution Time Seconds < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 344.17 |================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 552.57 |============================= EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 374.70 |==================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 872.08 |============================================== Xmrig 6.21 Variant: KawPow - Hash Count: 1M H/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 21906.0 |============================================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 14540.4 |============================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 11873.5 |======================== Xmrig 6.21 Variant: Monero - Hash Count: 1M H/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 21872.1 |============================================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 14564.0 |============================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 11892.7 |======================== Xmrig 6.21 Variant: Wownero - Hash Count: 1M H/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 28304.0 |============================================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 20409.6 |================================ Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 16874.2 |=========================== Xmrig 6.21 Variant: GhostRider - Hash Count: 1M H/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 5958.7 |======================================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 2108.5 |============== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 6899.8 |============================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 2067.5 |============== Xmrig 6.21 Variant: CryptoNight-Heavy - Hash Count: 1M H/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 21867.2 |============================================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 14553.9 |============================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 11885.2 |======================== Xmrig 6.21 Variant: CryptoNight-Femto UPX2 - Hash Count: 1M H/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 21851.9 |============================================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 14547.5 |============================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 11889.4 |======================== srsRAN Project 23.10.1-20240325 Test: PDSCH Processor Benchmark, Throughput Total Mbps > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 14402.5 |======================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 12612.6 |==================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 28256.8 |============================================= Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 8104.1 |============= srsRAN Project 23.10.1-20240325 Test: PUSCH Processor Benchmark, Throughput Total Mbps > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 1332.5 |========================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 1053.8 |==================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 2400.2 |============================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 705.9 |============== John The Ripper 2023.03.14 Test: bcrypt Real C/S > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 57038 |============================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 50709 |========================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 91409 |=============================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 45216 |======================= John The Ripper 2023.03.14 Test: WPA PSK Real C/S > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 57444 |======= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 52631 |======= EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 371747 |============================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 49854 |====== John The Ripper 2023.03.14 Test: Blowfish Real C/S > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 57032 |============================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 50679 |========================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 91221 |=============================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 45204 |======================= John The Ripper 2023.03.14 Test: HMAC-SHA512 Real C/S > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 108066333 |================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 86689000 |=============== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 256384000 |=========================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 61258333 |========== John The Ripper 2023.03.14 Test: MD5 Real C/S > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 1579667 |======== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 1451333 |======== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 8647000 |============================================= Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 1332667 |======= 7-Zip Compression 24.05 Test: Compression Rating MIPS > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 383460 |============================================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 296731 |==================================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 320933 |====================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 229844 |============================ 7-Zip Compression 24.05 Test: Decompression Rating MIPS > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 331505 |============================================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 284576 |======================================= EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 288408 |======================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 232070 |================================ Stockfish 16.1 Chess Benchmark Nodes Per Second > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 81440801 |========================================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 55548662 |============================= EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 85180777 |============================================ Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 43501453 |====================== Timed Gem5 Compilation 23.0.1 Time To Compile Seconds < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 186.77 |========================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 251.40 |=================================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 213.29 |============================= Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 334.81 |============================================== Timed Godot Game Engine Compilation 4.0 Time To Compile Seconds < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 147.87 |========================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 195.50 |================================= EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 127.45 |===================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 274.04 |============================================== Timed LLVM Compilation 16.0 Build System: Ninja Seconds < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 182.06 |======================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 257.85 |================================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 198.50 |=========================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 344.43 |============================================== Timed Node.js Compilation 21.7.2 Time To Compile Seconds < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 365.02 |========================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 571.01 |======================================= EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 250.43 |================= Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 678.01 |============================================== C-Ray 2.0 Resolution: 4K - Rays Per Pixel: 16 Seconds < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 28.32 |===================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 38.67 |============================= EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 49.69 |===================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 63.70 |=============================================== C-Ray 2.0 Resolution: 5K - Rays Per Pixel: 16 Seconds < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 50.25 |==================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 68.70 |============================ EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 88.89 |==================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 113.15 |============================================== Liquid-DSP 1.6 Threads: 64 - Buffer Length: 256 - Filter Length: 32 samples/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 3258733333 |========================================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 2573800000 |================================= EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 2261533333 |============================= Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 1851200000 |======================== Liquid-DSP 1.6 Threads: 64 - Buffer Length: 256 - Filter Length: 57 samples/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 1929666667 |================================ Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 1654733333 |=========================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 2529533333 |========================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 1173933333 |=================== Liquid-DSP 1.6 Threads: 64 - Buffer Length: 256 - Filter Length: 512 samples/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 185000000 |========== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 166313333 |========= EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 759700000 |=========================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 150236667 |========= OpenSSL Algorithm: SHA256 byte/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 56971174537 |========================================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 47395512363 |================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 39206680823 |============================ OpenSSL Algorithm: SHA512 byte/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 35412809363 |========================================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 30659465710 |=================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 14108556757 |================ OpenSSL Algorithm: RSA4096 OpenSSL Algorithm: ChaCha20 byte/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 101898720323 |============= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 94147502077 |============ EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 308611390393 |======================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 67045933947 |========= OpenSSL Algorithm: AES-128-GCM byte/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 299797102137 |======================================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 287591524763 |====================================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 256101795407 |================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 156957263187 |===================== OpenSSL Algorithm: AES-256-GCM byte/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 266125150527 |======================================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 249095500597 |===================================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 236482948213 |==================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 126510935517 |=================== OpenSSL Algorithm: ChaCha20-Poly1305 byte/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 75190548707 |============== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 69430704540 |============= EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 217491096737 |======================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 46479276533 |========= ClickHouse 22.12.3.5 100M Rows Hits Dataset, First Run / Cold Cache Queries Per Minute, Geo Mean > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 449.44 |========================================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 348.41 |================================= EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 488.88 |============================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 252.63 |======================== ClickHouse 22.12.3.5 100M Rows Hits Dataset, Second Run Queries Per Minute, Geo Mean > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 479.94 |=========================================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 375.29 |================================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 508.87 |============================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 269.15 |======================== ClickHouse 22.12.3.5 100M Rows Hits Dataset, Third Run Queries Per Minute, Geo Mean > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 495.03 |============================================ Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 382.14 |================================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 514.29 |============================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 274.07 |========================= GROMACS 2024 Implementation: MPI CPU - Input: water_GMX50_bare Ns Per Day > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 4.831 |=========================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 4.163 |======================= EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 8.519 |=============================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 2.709 |=============== PostgreSQL 16 Scaling Factor: 100 - Clients: 1000 - Mode: Read Only TPS > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 1947525 |========================================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 1087488 |======================= EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 2092710 |============================================= Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 916786 |==================== PostgreSQL 16 Scaling Factor: 100 - Clients: 1000 - Mode: Read Only - Average Latency ms < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 0.514 |====================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 0.920 |======================================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 0.478 |===================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 1.091 |=============================================== PostgreSQL 16 Scaling Factor: 100 - Clients: 1000 - Mode: Read Write TPS > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 4420 |=============================================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 4541 |================================================ EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 4458 |=============================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 4483 |=============================================== PostgreSQL 16 Scaling Factor: 100 - Clients: 1000 - Mode: Read Write - Average Latency ms < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 226.24 |============================================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 220.27 |============================================= EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 224.32 |============================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 223.17 |============================================= RocksDB 9.0 Test: Random Read Op/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 346532586 |=========================================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 243166771 |============================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 324703669 |======================================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 165816939 |===================== RocksDB 9.0 Test: Update Random Op/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 1274616 |============================================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 817470 |============================= EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 742898 |========================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 305604 |=========== RocksDB 9.0 Test: Read While Writing Op/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 8522597 |============================================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 6872389 |==================================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 6304192 |================================= Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 5955845 |=============================== RocksDB 9.0 Test: Read Random Write Random Op/s > Higher Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 5584014 |============================================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 4254497 |================================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 3756585 |============================== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 2912791 |======================= Blender 4.0.2 Blend File: BMW27 - Compute: CPU-Only Seconds < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 50.64 |============================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 62.77 |==================================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 30.19 |================= Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 83.01 |=============================================== Blender 4.0.2 Blend File: Classroom - Compute: CPU-Only Seconds < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 105.39 |============================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 129.48 |=================================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 57.11 |=============== Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 169.86 |============================================== Blender 4.0.2 Blend File: Fishy Cat - Compute: CPU-Only Seconds < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 95.01 |============================== Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 115.47 |==================================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 39.16 |============ Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 147.77 |============================================== Blender 4.0.2 Blend File: Barbershop - Compute: CPU-Only Seconds < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 499.63 |============================ Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 644.98 |==================================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 284.63 |================ Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 832.27 |============================================== Blender 4.0.2 Blend File: Pabellon Barcelona - Compute: CPU-Only Seconds < Lower Is Better Graviton4 r8g.16xlarge . 202.26 |============================= Graviton3 r7g.16xlarge . 247.60 |=================================== EPYC 9R14 r7a.16xlarge . 84.52 |============ Graviton2 r6g.16xlarge . 321.20 |==============================================