PostgreSQL on ZFS mirrored zpool on 2x 128G SATA SSD, modified zfs settings: recordsize=32k, logbias=throughput, default zfs settings: sync=standard, ashift=12, no SLOG, no L2ARC default: Processor: AMD Ryzen 5 3600XT 6-Core @ 3.80GHz (6 Cores / 12 Threads), Motherboard: Gigabyte B550M DS3H (F11 BIOS), Chipset: AMD Starship/Matisse, Memory: 16GB, Disk: 500GB Western Digital WDS500G2B0C-00PXH0 + 2000GB Western Digital WDS200T2B0C-00PXH0 + 256GB Samsung SSD 850 + 2 x 128GB SAMSUNG SSD 830, Graphics: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1660 SUPER 6GB, Audio: NVIDIA TU116 HD Audio, Network: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 OS: Linuxmint 20.1, Kernel: 5.4.0-65-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Xfce, Display Server: X Server 1.20.9, Display Driver: NVIDIA, Vulkan: 1.2.155, Compiler: GCC 9.3.0, File-System: zfs, Screen Resolution: 1024x768 sync=disabled: Processor: AMD Ryzen 5 3600XT 6-Core @ 3.80GHz (6 Cores / 12 Threads), Motherboard: Gigabyte B550M DS3H (F11 BIOS), Chipset: AMD Starship/Matisse, Memory: 16GB, Disk: 500GB Western Digital WDS500G2B0C-00PXH0 + 2000GB Western Digital WDS200T2B0C-00PXH0 + 256GB Samsung SSD 850 + 2 x 128GB SAMSUNG SSD 830, Graphics: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1660 SUPER 6GB, Audio: NVIDIA TU116 HD Audio, Network: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 OS: Linuxmint 20.1, Kernel: 5.4.0-65-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Xfce, Display Server: X Server 1.20.9, Display Driver: NVIDIA, Vulkan: 1.2.155, Compiler: GCC 9.3.0, File-System: zfs, Screen Resolution: 1024x768 recordsize=32k: Processor: AMD Ryzen 5 3600XT 6-Core @ 3.80GHz (6 Cores / 12 Threads), Motherboard: Gigabyte B550M DS3H (F11 BIOS), Chipset: AMD Starship/Matisse, Memory: 16GB, Disk: 500GB Western Digital WDS500G2B0C-00PXH0 + 2000GB Western Digital WDS200T2B0C-00PXH0 + 256GB Samsung SSD 850 + 2 x 128GB SAMSUNG SSD 830, Graphics: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1660 SUPER 6GB, Audio: NVIDIA TU116 HD Audio, Network: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 OS: Linuxmint 20.1, Kernel: 5.4.0-65-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Xfce, Display Server: X Server 1.20.9, Display Driver: NVIDIA, Vulkan: 1.2.155, Compiler: GCC 9.3.0, File-System: zfs, Screen Resolution: 1024x768 recordsize=32k + logbias=throughput: Processor: AMD Ryzen 5 3600XT 6-Core @ 3.80GHz (6 Cores / 12 Threads), Motherboard: Gigabyte B550M DS3H (F11 BIOS), Chipset: AMD Starship/Matisse, Memory: 16GB, Disk: 500GB Western Digital WDS500G2B0C-00PXH0 + 2000GB Western Digital WDS200T2B0C-00PXH0 + 256GB Samsung SSD 850 + 2 x 128GB SAMSUNG SSD 830, Graphics: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1660 SUPER 6GB, Audio: NVIDIA TU116 HD Audio, Network: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 OS: Linuxmint 20.1, Kernel: 5.4.0-65-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Xfce, Display Server: X Server 1.20.9, Display Driver: NVIDIA, Vulkan: 1.2.155, Compiler: GCC 9.3.0, File-System: zfs, Screen Resolution: 1024x768 PostgreSQL pgbench 13.0 Scaling Factor: 1 - Clients: 1 - Mode: Read Write TPS > Higher Is Better default ............................. 170 |= sync=disabled ....................... 4792 |=================================== recordsize=32k ...................... 172 |= recordsize=32k + logbias=throughput . 153 |= PostgreSQL pgbench 13.0 Scaling Factor: 1 - Clients: 1 - Mode: Read Write - Average Latency ms < Lower Is Better default ............................. 5.903 |=============================== sync=disabled ....................... 0.209 |= recordsize=32k ...................... 5.830 |============================== recordsize=32k + logbias=throughput . 6.556 |================================== PostgreSQL pgbench 13.0 Scaling Factor: 1 - Clients: 100 - Mode: Read Write TPS > Higher Is Better default ............................. 173 |= sync=disabled ....................... 4267 |=================================== recordsize=32k ...................... 172 |= recordsize=32k + logbias=throughput . 153 |= PostgreSQL pgbench 13.0 Scaling Factor: 1 - Clients: 100 - Mode: Read Write - Average Latency ms < Lower Is Better default ............................. 578.26 |============================= sync=disabled ....................... 23.45 |= recordsize=32k ...................... 582.42 |============================= recordsize=32k + logbias=throughput . 660.77 |================================= PostgreSQL pgbench 13.0 Scaling Factor: 1000 - Clients: 1 - Mode: Read Write TPS > Higher Is Better default ............................. 92 |=== sync=disabled ....................... 1003 |=================================== recordsize=32k ...................... 99 |=== recordsize=32k + logbias=throughput . 104 |==== PostgreSQL pgbench 13.0 Scaling Factor: 1000 - Clients: 1 - Mode: Read Write - Average Latency ms < Lower Is Better default ............................. 10.985 |================================= sync=disabled ....................... 1.011 |=== recordsize=32k ...................... 10.073 |============================== recordsize=32k + logbias=throughput . 9.597 |============================= PostgreSQL pgbench 13.0 Scaling Factor: 1000 - Clients: 100 - Mode: Read Write TPS > Higher Is Better default ............................. 784 |========================== sync=disabled ....................... 1016 |================================== recordsize=32k ...................... 997 |================================= recordsize=32k + logbias=throughput . 1053 |=================================== PostgreSQL pgbench 13.0 Scaling Factor: 1000 - Clients: 100 - Mode: Read Write - Average Latency ms < Lower Is Better default ............................. 129.62 |================================= sync=disabled ....................... 101.42 |========================== recordsize=32k ...................... 103.14 |========================== recordsize=32k + logbias=throughput . 95.87 |========================