benchmark-m5 KVM testing on Debian 10 via the Phoronix Test Suite. n2d-standard-16: Processor: AMD EPYC 7B12 (8 Cores / 16 Threads), Motherboard: Google Compute Engine n2d-standard-16, Memory: 64GB, Disk: 32GB PersistentDisk OS: Debian 10, Kernel: 4.19.0-13-cloud-amd64 (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 8.3.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: KVM gcp-c2-standard-16: Processor: Intel Xeon (8 Cores / 16 Threads), Motherboard: Google Compute Engine c2-standard-16, Memory: 64GB, Disk: 32GB PersistentDisk OS: Debian 10, Kernel: 4.19.0-13-cloud-amd64 (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 8.3.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: KVM n2-standard-16: Processor: Intel Xeon (8 Cores / 16 Threads), Motherboard: Google Compute Engine n2-standard-16, Memory: 64GB, Disk: 32GB PersistentDisk OS: Debian 10, Kernel: 4.19.0-13-cloud-amd64 (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 8.3.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: KVM aws-m5.4xlarge: Processor: Intel Xeon Platinum 8175M (8 Cores / 16 Threads), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 m5.4xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Intel 440FX 82441FX PMC, Memory: 62GB, Disk: 32GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic OS: Debian 10, Kernel: 4.19.0-14-cloud-amd64 (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 8.3.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: KVM aws-c5.4xlarge: Processor: Intel Xeon Platinum 8275CL (8 Cores / 16 Threads), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 c5.4xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Intel 440FX 82441FX PMC, Memory: 32GB, Disk: 32GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic OS: Debian 10, Kernel: 4.19.0-14-cloud-amd64 (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 8.3.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: KVM SQLite 3.30.1 Threads / Copies: 1 Seconds < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 33.65 |=================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 21.83 |============ n2-standard-16 ..... 25.62 |============== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 92.54 |=================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 33.43 |================== Flexible IO Tester 3.25 Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 16.0 |====== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 86.2 |================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 86.4 |================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 129.0 |================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 131.0 |=================================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.25 Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory IOPS > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 5 |==== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 40 |=================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 40 |=================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 61 |===================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 62 |====================================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.25 Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.302 |= gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.610 |=== n2-standard-16 ..... 0.610 |=== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 11.400 |================================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 11.700 |================================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.25 Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory IOPS > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 72 |= gcp-c2-standard-16 . 149 |=== n2-standard-16 ..... 149 |=== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 2919 |=================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 2997 |==================================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.25 Type: Random Write - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 14.5 |====== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 99.5 |======================================= n2-standard-16 ..... 99.7 |======================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 128.0 |================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 131.0 |=================================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.25 Type: Random Write - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory IOPS > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 5 |==== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 46 |======================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 46 |======================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 60 |==================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 62 |====================================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.25 Type: Random Write - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.699 |=== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 1.224 |===== n2-standard-16 ..... 1.231 |===== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 9.846 |========================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 11.700 |================================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.25 Type: Random Write - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory IOPS > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 171 |=== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 302 |===== n2-standard-16 ..... 304 |===== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 2458 |=========================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 2992 |==================================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.25 Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 11.9 |===== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 34.6 |============= n2-standard-16 ..... 34.9 |============== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 128.0 |================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 131.0 |=================================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.25 Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory IOPS > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 3 |=== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 14 |============ n2-standard-16 ..... 14 |============ aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 60 |==================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 62 |====================================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.25 Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 11.5 |=================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 11.0 |================================================= n2-standard-16 ..... 11.1 |================================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 11.4 |=================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 11.7 |==================================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.25 Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory IOPS > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 3052 |==================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 3060 |==================================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 3057 |==================================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 2917 |================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 2997 |=================================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.25 Type: Sequential Write - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 14.9 |====== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 14.7 |====== n2-standard-16 ..... 15.1 |====== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 128.0 |================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 131.0 |=================================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.25 Type: Sequential Write - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 2MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory IOPS > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 5 |==== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 5 |==== n2-standard-16 ..... 5 |==== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 60 |==================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 62 |====================================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.25 Type: Sequential Write - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 11.20 |===================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 15.60 |=================================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 11.30 |===================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 9.82 |================================ aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 11.70 |====================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.25 Type: Sequential Write - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory IOPS > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 3056 |======================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 3995 |==================================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 3054 |======================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 2510 |================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 2997 |======================================= IOR 3.3.0 Block Size: 2MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 17.46 |====== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 18.92 |====== n2-standard-16 ..... 18.70 |====== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 123.96 |======================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 154.17 |================================================== IOR 3.3.0 Block Size: 4MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 14.63 |===== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 15.04 |===== n2-standard-16 ..... 14.78 |===== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 125.20 |============================================ aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 141.89 |================================================== IOR 3.3.0 Block Size: 8MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 12.92 |===== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 12.92 |===== n2-standard-16 ..... 12.93 |===== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 126.37 |=============================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 134.26 |================================================== IOR 3.3.0 Block Size: 16MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 11.98 |===== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 12.01 |===== n2-standard-16 ..... 12.01 |===== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 124.41 |================================================ aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 130.34 |================================================== IOR 3.3.0 Block Size: 32MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 11.84 |===== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 11.86 |===== n2-standard-16 ..... 11.82 |===== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 124.07 |================================================ aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 128.09 |================================================== IOR 3.3.0 Block Size: 64MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 11.82 |===== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 11.82 |===== n2-standard-16 ..... 11.81 |===== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 123.52 |================================================ aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 127.39 |================================================== IOR 3.3.0 Block Size: 256MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better aws-m5.4xlarge . 124.13 |===================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge . 126.91 |====================================================== IOR 3.3.0 Block Size: 512MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better aws-m5.4xlarge . 125.55 |====================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge . 126.15 |====================================================== IOR 3.3.0 Block Size: 1024MB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better aws-m5.4xlarge . 124.40 |====================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge . 124.80 |====================================================== Compile Bench 0.6 Test: Compile MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 1600.42 |================================================= gcp-c2-standard-16 . 1614.33 |================================================= n2-standard-16 ..... 1370.40 |========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 1492.97 |============================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 1076.41 |================================= Compile Bench 0.6 Test: Initial Create MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 394.84 |============================================= gcp-c2-standard-16 . 439.30 |================================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 378.31 |=========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 372.59 |========================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 392.00 |============================================= Compile Bench 0.6 Test: Read Compiled Tree MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 2615.09 |================================================= gcp-c2-standard-16 . 2613.75 |================================================= n2-standard-16 ..... 2234.45 |========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 2122.77 |======================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 2191.66 |========================================= RAMspeed SMP 3.5.0 Type: Add - Benchmark: Integer MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 41452.57 |================================================ gcp-c2-standard-16 . 26572.39 |=============================== n2-standard-16 ..... 25931.82 |============================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 26243.59 |============================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 24987.20 |============================= RAMspeed SMP 3.5.0 Type: Copy - Benchmark: Integer MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 41988.18 |================================================ gcp-c2-standard-16 . 26311.39 |============================== n2-standard-16 ..... 25819.71 |============================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 26218.38 |============================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 24451.12 |============================ RAMspeed SMP 3.5.0 Type: Scale - Benchmark: Integer MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 36105.67 |================================================ gcp-c2-standard-16 . 21006.70 |============================ n2-standard-16 ..... 20732.49 |============================ aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 21693.04 |============================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 19434.69 |========================== RAMspeed SMP 3.5.0 Type: Triad - Benchmark: Integer MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 43509.16 |================================================ gcp-c2-standard-16 . 25924.76 |============================= n2-standard-16 ..... 25171.45 |============================ aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 25947.07 |============================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 24412.26 |=========================== RAMspeed SMP 3.5.0 Type: Average - Benchmark: Integer MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 40777.73 |================================================ gcp-c2-standard-16 . 24969.16 |============================= n2-standard-16 ..... 24310.08 |============================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 25139.46 |============================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 23118.49 |=========================== RAMspeed SMP 3.5.0 Type: Add - Benchmark: Floating Point MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 43638.75 |================================================ gcp-c2-standard-16 . 22163.33 |======================== n2-standard-16 ..... 21849.31 |======================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 21873.45 |======================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 20489.52 |======================= RAMspeed SMP 3.5.0 Type: Copy - Benchmark: Floating Point MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 41079.97 |================================================ gcp-c2-standard-16 . 26346.90 |=============================== n2-standard-16 ..... 25684.51 |============================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 26552.08 |=============================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 24780.61 |============================= RAMspeed SMP 3.5.0 Type: Scale - Benchmark: Floating Point MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 39649.72 |================================================ gcp-c2-standard-16 . 19461.93 |======================== n2-standard-16 ..... 19011.04 |======================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 19218.95 |======================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 17758.14 |===================== RAMspeed SMP 3.5.0 Type: Triad - Benchmark: Floating Point MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 42899.76 |================================================ gcp-c2-standard-16 . 22517.40 |========================= n2-standard-16 ..... 22094.60 |========================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 22066.21 |========================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 21127.17 |======================== RAMspeed SMP 3.5.0 Type: Average - Benchmark: Floating Point MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 41409.79 |================================================ gcp-c2-standard-16 . 22637.74 |========================== n2-standard-16 ..... 22300.72 |========================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 22310.06 |========================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 20947.24 |======================== pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 1 - Read-Write Ratio: 50% us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.1022 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0769 |====================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 0.0829 |========================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.0861 |========================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.0867 |========================================== pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 2 - Read-Write Ratio: 50% us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.1080 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0764 |=================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 0.0825 |====================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.0849 |======================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.0872 |======================================== pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 4 - Read-Write Ratio: 50% us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.1106 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0758 |================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 0.0820 |===================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.0848 |====================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.0867 |======================================= pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 8 - Read-Write Ratio: 50% us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.1219 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0748 |=============================== n2-standard-16 ..... 0.0818 |================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.0836 |================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.0855 |=================================== pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 16 - Read-Write Ratio: 50% us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.1218 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0864 |=================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 0.0943 |======================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.0963 |======================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.0972 |======================================== pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 1 - Read-Write Ratio: 100% Reads us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.0594 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0451 |====================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 0.0500 |========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.0532 |============================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.0468 |======================================= pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 2 - Read-Write Ratio: 100% Reads us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.0545 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0450 |========================================= n2-standard-16 ..... 0.0496 |============================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.0525 |================================================ aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.0474 |=========================================== pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 4 - Read-Write Ratio: 100% Reads us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.0544 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0451 |========================================= n2-standard-16 ..... 0.0492 |============================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.0531 |================================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.0464 |=========================================== pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 8 - Read-Write Ratio: 100% Reads us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.0542 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0450 |========================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 0.0492 |============================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.0528 |================================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.0459 |========================================== pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 1 - Read-Write Ratio: 100% Writes us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.0707 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0417 |============================= n2-standard-16 ..... 0.0462 |================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.0487 |================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.0438 |=============================== pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 16 - Read-Write Ratio: 100% Reads us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.0570 |========================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0560 |========================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 0.0619 |============================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.0671 |================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.0585 |============================================ pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 2 - Read-Write Ratio: 100% Writes us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.0712 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0416 |============================= n2-standard-16 ..... 0.0460 |================================ aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.0487 |================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.0438 |=============================== pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 4 - Read-Write Ratio: 100% Writes us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.0669 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0415 |=============================== n2-standard-16 ..... 0.0458 |================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.0485 |==================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.0437 |================================= pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 8 - Read-Write Ratio: 100% Writes us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.0604 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0412 |================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 0.0454 |====================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.0484 |======================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.0435 |==================================== pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 16 - Read-Write Ratio: 100% Writes us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.0787 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0582 |===================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 0.0626 |======================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.0655 |========================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.0641 |========================================= pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 1 - Read-Write Ratio: 80% Reads 20% Writes us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.1289 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0965 |===================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 0.1040 |======================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.1058 |========================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.1102 |=========================================== pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 2 - Read-Write Ratio: 80% Reads 20% Writes us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.1560 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0957 |=============================== n2-standard-16 ..... 0.1039 |================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.1038 |================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.1106 |=================================== pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 4 - Read-Write Ratio: 80% Reads 20% Writes us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.1437 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0945 |================================= n2-standard-16 ..... 0.1025 |==================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.1039 |==================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.1104 |====================================== pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 8 - Read-Write Ratio: 80% Reads 20% Writes us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.1441 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.0929 |================================ n2-standard-16 ..... 0.1002 |=================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.1019 |=================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.1078 |===================================== pmbench Concurrent Worker Threads: 16 - Read-Write Ratio: 80% Reads 20% Writes us - Average Page Latency < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 0.1541 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 0.1003 |================================= n2-standard-16 ..... 0.1080 |=================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 0.1111 |==================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 0.1147 |===================================== Sockperf 3.4 Test: Throughput Messages Per Second > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 585573 |=============================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 619082 |================================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 544844 |============================================ aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 460349 |===================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 431389 |=================================== Sockperf 3.4 Test: Latency Ping Pong usec < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 13.660 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 8.130 |============================== n2-standard-16 ..... 8.473 |=============================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 8.082 |============================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 7.905 |============================= Sockperf 3.4 Test: Latency Under Load usec < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 33.200 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 11.328 |================= n2-standard-16 ..... 21.296 |================================ aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 9.934 |=============== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 11.451 |================= OSBench Test: Create Files us Per Event < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 17.19 |=========================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 15.59 |======================================= n2-standard-16 ..... 18.40 |============================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 20.29 |=================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 19.49 |================================================= OSBench Test: Create Threads us Per Event < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 24.37 |=================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 15.63 |================================= n2-standard-16 ..... 18.45 |======================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 19.48 |========================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 19.78 |========================================= OSBench Test: Launch Programs us Per Event < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 60.50 |=================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 47.86 |======================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 52.60 |============================================ aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 52.32 |============================================ aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 51.82 |============================================ OSBench Test: Create Processes us Per Event < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 37.85 |=============================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 34.59 |=========================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 40.72 |=================================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 35.97 |============================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 36.60 |============================================== OSBench Test: Memory Allocations Ns Per Event < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 91.47 |====================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 103.46 |=========================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 111.68 |============================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 114.71 |================================================ aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 120.52 |================================================== x264 2019-12-17 H.264 Video Encoding Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 64.19 |=============================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 69.16 |=================================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 61.33 |============================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 59.76 |============================================ aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 65.53 |================================================ Coremark 1.0 CoreMark Size 666 - Iterations Per Second Iterations/Sec > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 282525.77 |=========================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 307476.22 |=============================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 274845.90 |========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 251713.08 |====================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 292384.77 |============================================= 7-Zip Compression 16.02 Compress Speed Test MIPS > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 44274 |============================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 48648 |=================================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 44343 |============================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 42341 |============================================ aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 46004 |================================================ Timed Apache Compilation 2.4.41 Time To Compile Seconds < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 24.61 |=============================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 23.00 |============================================ n2-standard-16 ..... 25.72 |================================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 26.72 |=================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 24.15 |============================================== Timed Linux Kernel Compilation 5.4 Time To Compile Seconds < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 84.94 |============================================= gcp-c2-standard-16 . 85.32 |============================================= n2-standard-16 ..... 93.69 |================================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 96.81 |=================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 89.32 |=============================================== OpenSSL 1.1.1 RSA 4096-bit Performance Signs Per Second > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 1804.4 |======================================= gcp-c2-standard-16 . 2305.2 |================================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 2059.1 |============================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 1888.5 |========================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 2181.0 |=============================================== Multichase Pointer Chaser Test: 4MB Array, 64 Byte Stride ns < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 8.192 |========================================= gcp-c2-standard-16 . 9.257 |============================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 9.775 |================================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 10.075 |================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 9.371 |=============================================== Multichase Pointer Chaser Test: 1GB Array, 256 Byte Stride ns < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 94.49 |=================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 72.13 |======================================= n2-standard-16 ..... 73.62 |======================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 78.35 |========================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 81.97 |============================================ Multichase Pointer Chaser Test: 256MB Array, 256 Byte Stride ns < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 94.08 |=================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 69.24 |====================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 73.24 |======================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 73.79 |======================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 82.01 |============================================ Multichase Pointer Chaser Test: 1GB Array, 256 Byte Stride, 2 Threads ns < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 94.75 |=================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 72.43 |======================================= n2-standard-16 ..... 74.24 |======================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 79.44 |=========================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 81.45 |============================================ Multichase Pointer Chaser Test: 1GB Array, 256 Byte Stride, 4 Threads ns < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 96.40 |=================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 74.27 |======================================= n2-standard-16 ..... 75.17 |======================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 80.90 |=========================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 86.69 |============================================== SQLite Speedtest 3.30 Timed Time - Size 1,000 Seconds < Lower Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 83.96 |================================================ gcp-c2-standard-16 . 73.06 |========================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 82.42 |=============================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 87.85 |=================================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 88.54 |=================================================== Redis 6.0.9 Test: LPOP Requests Per Second > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 1636222.29 |=============================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 2390598.67 |============================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 2171899.33 |========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 1318735.58 |========================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 2141238.25 |========================================= Redis 6.0.9 Test: SADD Requests Per Second > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 1292686.00 |=============================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 1915206.71 |============================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 1754153.42 |========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 1591476.12 |====================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 1766598.42 |========================================== Redis 6.0.9 Test: LPUSH Requests Per Second > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 985310.29 |============================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 1529208.04 |============================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 1362664.77 |========================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 1270224.75 |====================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 1393288.76 |========================================== Redis 6.0.9 Test: GET Requests Per Second > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 1504492.63 |=============================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 2236857.50 |============================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 2018533.08 |========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 1787305.03 |===================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 2074873.25 |=========================================== Redis 6.0.9 Test: SET Requests Per Second > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 1124629.87 |============================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 1707406.21 |============================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 1555308.66 |========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 1409994.28 |====================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 1625171.67 |============================================ Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: MMAP Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 222.59 |================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 178.98 |======================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 161.26 |==================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 166.86 |===================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 178.11 |======================================== Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: NUMA Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 2086.06 |================================================= gcp-c2-standard-16 . 663.81 |================ n2-standard-16 ..... 673.28 |================ aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 649.85 |=============== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 648.92 |=============== Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: MEMFD Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 584.57 |======================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 729.02 |================================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 640.17 |============================================ aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 650.25 |============================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 669.12 |============================================== Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: Atomic Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 381866.99 |=============================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 189328.70 |======================= n2-standard-16 ..... 174634.02 |===================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 162761.95 |==================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 181896.80 |====================== Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: Crypto Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 1695.33 |================================================= gcp-c2-standard-16 . 1633.94 |=============================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 1464.50 |========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 1368.62 |======================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 1582.17 |============================================== Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: Malloc Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 73559568.13 |============================================= gcp-c2-standard-16 . 73244465.51 |============================================= n2-standard-16 ..... 71810852.29 |============================================ aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 72884017.29 |============================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 71090930.30 |=========================================== Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: RdRand Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better gcp-c2-standard-16 . 252164.08 |=============================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 251886.18 |=============================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 252110.63 |=============================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 251811.26 |=============================================== Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: Forking Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 15912.69 |============================================ gcp-c2-standard-16 . 16034.89 |============================================ n2-standard-16 ..... 17287.71 |================================================ aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 17333.93 |================================================ aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 17009.14 |=============================================== Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: SENDFILE Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 124211.30 |======================================= gcp-c2-standard-16 . 151312.52 |=============================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 135259.90 |========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 95437.98 |============================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 96234.71 |============================== Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: CPU Cache Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 34.78 |=================================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 19.59 |============================= n2-standard-16 ..... 10.56 |=============== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 9.82 |============== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 14.94 |====================== Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: CPU Stress Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 2256.90 |========================================= gcp-c2-standard-16 . 2563.16 |=============================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 2302.63 |========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 2563.90 |=============================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 2681.37 |================================================= Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: Semaphores Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 925452.74 |============================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 1351126.79 |============================================ n2-standard-16 ..... 1275323.05 |========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 1314670.85 |=========================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 1401200.99 |============================================== Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: Matrix Math Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 36305.86 |========================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 41663.19 |================================================ n2-standard-16 ..... 37604.74 |=========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 36291.41 |========================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 39854.37 |============================================== Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: Vector Math Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 56129.04 |============================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 57956.16 |================================================ n2-standard-16 ..... 51788.94 |=========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 47430.91 |======================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 55197.84 |============================================== Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: Memory Copying Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 9269.32 |================================================= gcp-c2-standard-16 . 6409.33 |================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 8058.16 |=========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 7679.43 |========================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 7673.02 |========================================= Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: Socket Activity Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 5963.48 |======================================= gcp-c2-standard-16 . 6265.12 |========================================= n2-standard-16 ..... 7462.86 |================================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 6266.79 |========================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 7297.90 |================================================ Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: Context Switching Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 3275655.88 |===================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 4031351.42 |============================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 3588183.48 |========================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 3276201.58 |===================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 3479432.25 |======================================== Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: Glibc C String Functions Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 780364.64 |=========================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 857228.36 |=============================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 771032.40 |========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 709919.61 |======================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 816655.95 |============================================= Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: Glibc Qsort Data Sorting Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 88.92 |===================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 118.88 |================================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 106.59 |============================================= aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 96.55 |========================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 111.66 |=============================================== Stress-NG 0.11.07 Test: System V Message Passing Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 5909219.14 |======================================== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 6726926.68 |============================================== n2-standard-16 ..... 6286939.79 |=========================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 6029137.44 |========================================= aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 6314828.37 |=========================================== Hierarchical INTegration 1.0 Test: FLOAT QUIPs > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 269367383.13 |================================ gcp-c2-standard-16 . 370034700.43 |============================================ n2-standard-16 ..... 332378585.64 |======================================== aws-m5.4xlarge ..... 303251432.06 |==================================== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 353889341.32 |========================================== Dbench 4.0 12 Clients MB/s > Higher Is Better n2d-standard-16 .... 325.79 |============== gcp-c2-standard-16 . 338.84 |=============== n2-standard-16 ..... 324.81 |============== aws-c5.4xlarge ..... 1144.42 |=================================================