Intel Core i5 8400 vs. 9400F Mitigations Intel Core i5-8400 vss Core i5-9400F Linux CPU vulnerability mitigation benchmarking for a future article by Michael Larabel. i5-8400: Default Mitigations: Processor: Intel Core i5-8400 @ 4.00GHz (6 Cores), Motherboard: MSI B360M GAMING PLUS (MS-7B19) v1.0 (1.10 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Cannon Lake PCH, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 256GB SAMSUNG MZVPW256HEGL-000H7, Graphics: Intel UHD 630 3GB (1050MHz), Audio: Realtek ALC887-VD, Monitor: Acer B286HK, Network: Intel I219-V OS: Ubuntu 19.04, Kernel: 5.0.0-15-generic (x86_64), Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.32.0, Display Server: X Server 1.20.4, Display Driver: modesetting 1.20.4, OpenGL: 4.5 Mesa 19.0.2, Compiler: GCC 8.3.0, File-System: ext4 i5-8400: No Mitigations: Processor: Intel Core i5-8400 @ 4.00GHz (6 Cores), Motherboard: MSI B360M GAMING PLUS (MS-7B19) v1.0 (1.10 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Cannon Lake PCH, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 256GB SAMSUNG MZVPW256HEGL-000H7, Graphics: Intel UHD 630 3GB (1050MHz), Audio: Realtek ALC887-VD, Monitor: Acer B286HK, Network: Intel I219-V OS: Ubuntu 19.04, Kernel: 5.0.0-15-generic (x86_64), Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.32.0, Display Server: X Server 1.20.4, Display Driver: modesetting 1.20.4, OpenGL: 4.5 Mesa 19.0.2, Compiler: GCC 8.3.0, File-System: ext4 i5-9400F: Default Mitigations: Processor: Intel Core i5-9400F @ 4.10GHz (6 Cores), Motherboard: MSI B360M GAMING PLUS (MS-7B19) v1.0 (1.10 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Cannon Lake PCH, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 256GB SAMSUNG MZVPW256HEGL-000H7, Graphics: MSI NVIDIA NV106 1GB, Audio: Realtek ALC887-VD, Monitor: Acer B286HK, Network: Intel I219-V OS: Ubuntu 19.04, Kernel: 5.0.0-15-generic (x86_64), Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.32.0, Display Server: X Server 1.20.4, Display Driver: modesetting 1.20.4, OpenGL: 4.3 Mesa 19.0.2, Compiler: GCC 8.3.0, File-System: ext4 i5-9400F: No Mitigations: Processor: Intel Core i5-9400F @ 4.10GHz (6 Cores), Motherboard: MSI B360M GAMING PLUS (MS-7B19) v1.0 (1.10 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Cannon Lake PCH, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 256GB SAMSUNG MZVPW256HEGL-000H7, Graphics: MSI NVIDIA NV106 1GB, Audio: Realtek ALC887-VD, Monitor: Acer B286HK, Network: Intel I219-V OS: Ubuntu 19.04, Kernel: 5.0.0-15-generic (x86_64), Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.32.0, Display Server: X Server 1.20.4, Display Driver: modesetting 1.20.4, OpenGL: 4.3 Mesa 19.0.2, Compiler: GCC 8.3.0, File-System: ext4 Selenium Benchmark: WebXPRT - Browser: Firefox Score > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 220 |======================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 236 |========================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 222 |======================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 239 |========================================== Hackbench Count: 32 - Type: Process Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 200 |========================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 109 |======================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 198 |========================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 121 |========================= Timed GCC Compilation 8.2 Time To Compile Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 1266 |========================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 1226 |======================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 1265 |========================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 1207 |======================================= Timed LLVM Compilation 6.0.1 Time To Compile Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 653 |========================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 641 |========================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 664 |========================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 654 |========================================= Hackbench Count: 8 - Type: Thread Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 51.36 |======================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 38.92 |============================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 51.62 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 35.01 |=========================== Selenium Benchmark: ARES-6 - Browser: Firefox ms < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 55.22 |======================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 52.16 |====================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 54.81 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 51.78 |====================================== Hackbench Count: 16 - Type: Thread Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 106.53 |======================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 65.61 |======================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 107.10 |======================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 66.82 |======================== Hackbench Count: 16 - Type: Process Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 103.18 |======================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 62.28 |======================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 104.10 |======================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 60.28 |======================= VP9 libvpx Encoding 1.8.0 vpxenc VP9 1080p Video Encode Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 122.84 |======================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 123.15 |======================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 123.00 |======================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 124.00 |======================================= SQLite 3.22 Timed SQLite Insertions Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 120 |========================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 120 |========================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 123 |========================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 120 |========================================= Timed Linux Kernel Compilation 4.18 Time To Compile Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 117 |========================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 115 |========================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 118 |========================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 114 |========================================= Stress-NG 0.07.26 Test: System V Message Passing Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 4230501 |========================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 6358510 |===================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 4525972 |========================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 6526944 |====================================== Stress-NG 0.07.26 Test: Socket Activity Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 3792 |========================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 6149 |======================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 3834 |========================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 6325 |========================================= PostgreSQL pgbench 10.3 Scaling: Buffer Test - Test: Normal Load - Mode: Read Only TPS > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 103147 |================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 115920 |====================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 104846 |=================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 117587 |======================================= PostgreSQL pgbench 10.3 Scaling: Buffer Test - Test: Normal Load - Mode: Read Write TPS > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 2069 |======================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 2108 |========================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 2085 |========================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 2097 |========================================= NGINX Benchmark 1.9.9 Static Web Page Serving Requests Per Second > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 34720 |============================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 46860 |======================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 35311 |============================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 47906 |======================================== XZ Compression 5.2.4 Compressing ubuntu-16.04.3-server-i386.img, Compression Level 9 Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 46.95 |===================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 46.69 |===================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 50.25 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 50.13 |======================================== Selenium Benchmark: Octane - Browser: Firefox Geometric Mean > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 32402 |=================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 36885 |======================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 32920 |=================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 37378 |======================================== Hackbench Count: 8 - Type: Process Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 49.88 |======================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 29.97 |======================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 48.73 |======================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 30.05 |======================== Stress-NG 0.07.26 Test: Context Switching Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 1729665 |========================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 2505234 |===================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 1799856 |=========================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 2569154 |====================================== Stress-NG 0.07.26 Test: Semaphores Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 4857522 |================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 5327119 |==================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 5199954 |=================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 5595987 |====================================== Zstd Compression 1.3.4 Compressing ubuntu-16.04.3-server-i386.img, Compression Level 19 Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 28.94 |=================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 28.88 |=================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 33.47 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 33.24 |======================================== Stress-NG 0.07.26 Test: Memory Copying Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 2161 |========================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 2150 |========================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 1811 |================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 1822 |=================================== Ethr 2019-01-02 Server Address: localhost - Protocol: TCP - Test: Latency - Threads: 1 Microseconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 10.40 |======================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 7.54 |============================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 10.27 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 7.30 |============================ GIMP 2.10.8 Test: rotate Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 13.97 |======================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 13.35 |====================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 13.76 |======================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 13.30 |====================================== glibc bench 1.0 Benchmark: cos nanoseconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 49.24 |======================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 48.88 |======================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 48.49 |======================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 47.89 |======================================= glibc bench 1.0 Benchmark: sin nanoseconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 48.80 |======================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 48.67 |======================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 47.81 |======================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 47.66 |======================================= OpenSSL 1.1.1 RSA 4096-bit Performance Signs Per Second > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 1672 |======================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 1658 |======================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 1695 |========================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 1708 |========================================= t-test1 2017-01-13 Threads: 1 Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 19.98 |======================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 16.56 |================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 19.60 |======================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 16.42 |================================= Memcached mcperf 1.5.10 Method: Set Operations Per Second > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 72460 |============================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 99226 |======================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 73347 |============================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 98856 |======================================== Memcached mcperf 1.5.10 Method: Add Operations Per Second > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 72613 |============================ i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 100275 |======================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 73410 |============================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 99756 |======================================= Memcached mcperf 1.5.10 Method: Prepend Operations Per Second > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 76184 |============================ i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 107008 |======================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 78028 |============================ i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 106358 |======================================= Memcached mcperf 1.5.10 Method: Append Operations Per Second > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 75757 |=========================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 106798 |======================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 77693 |============================ i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 108127 |======================================= Memcached mcperf 1.5.10 Method: Replace Operations Per Second > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 75424 |=========================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 106659 |====================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 77828 |============================ i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 108850 |======================================= GIMP 2.10.8 Test: unsharp-mask Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 16.65 |======================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 15.94 |====================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 16.72 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 15.95 |====================================== Darktable 2.6.0 Test: Boat - Acceleration: CPU-only Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 13.29 |==================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 13.20 |==================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 14.76 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 14.67 |======================================== GIMP 2.10.8 Test: auto-levels Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 14.77 |======================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 14.12 |====================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 14.81 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 14.17 |====================================== Go Benchmarks Test: build Nanoseconds/Operation < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 13363787445 |================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 13080793512 |================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 13026473692 |================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 12955109674 |================================= Sockperf 3.4 Test: Latency Ping Pong usec < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 3.19 |========================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 2.46 |================================ i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 3.11 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 2.44 |=============================== Sockperf 3.4 Test: Throughput Messages Per Second > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 481501 |======================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 755893 |====================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 507519 |========================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 771813 |======================================= Memcached mcperf 1.5.10 Method: Get Operations Per Second > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 120345 |=========================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 169930 |======================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 123983 |============================ i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 172050 |======================================= Memcached mcperf 1.5.10 Method: Delete Operations Per Second > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 121212 |=========================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 168895 |====================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 125409 |============================ i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 174397 |======================================= Redis 4.0.8 Test: SET Requests Per Second > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 2072644 |================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 2229129 |===================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 2123264 |=================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 2292952 |====================================== Redis 4.0.8 Test: LPUSH Requests Per Second > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 1933087 |==================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 2063299 |====================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 1952126 |==================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 2036125 |===================================== Redis 4.0.8 Test: GET Requests Per Second > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 2719966 |=================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 2952830 |====================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 2985199 |====================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 2985944 |====================================== Redis 4.0.8 Test: SADD Requests Per Second > Higher Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 2435126 |=================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 2598066 |===================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 2469256 |=================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 2677730 |====================================== glibc bench 1.0 Benchmark: tanh nanoseconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 13.17 |======================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 12.88 |======================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 12.89 |======================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 12.61 |====================================== glibc bench 1.0 Benchmark: pthread_once nanoseconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 1.92 |========================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 1.64 |=================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 1.88 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 1.60 |================================== glibc bench 1.0 Benchmark: ffsll nanoseconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 1.92 |========================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 1.64 |=================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 1.88 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 1.60 |================================== glibc bench 1.0 Benchmark: sqrt nanoseconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 2.18 |========================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 1.89 |==================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 2.13 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 1.85 |=================================== glibc bench 1.0 Benchmark: ffs nanoseconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 1.92 |========================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 1.64 |=================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 1.88 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 1.60 |================================== OSBench Test: Launch Programs us Per Event < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 52.86 |=================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 45.42 |============================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 60.06 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 44.30 |============================== Darktable 2.6.0 Test: Masskrug - Acceleration: CPU-only Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 7.93 |======================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 7.77 |====================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 8.31 |========================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 8.16 |======================================== Go Benchmarks Test: http Nanoseconds/Operation < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 7988 |========================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 7510 |======================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 7918 |========================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 7205 |===================================== Tachyon 0.98.9 Total Time Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 8.61 |========================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 8.60 |========================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 8.47 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 8.57 |========================================= GIMP 2.10.8 Test: resize Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 8.83 |========================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 8.46 |======================================= i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 8.76 |========================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 8.32 |======================================= Darktable 2.6.0 Test: Server Room - Acceleration: CPU-only Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 5.53 |======================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 5.48 |====================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 5.87 |========================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 5.78 |======================================== t-test1 2017-01-13 Threads: 2 Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 6.59 |========================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 5.62 |=================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 6.50 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 5.58 |=================================== OSBench Test: Create Files us Per Event < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 13.95 |======================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 11.33 |================================ i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 14.03 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 11.13 |================================ OSBench Test: Memory Allocations Ns Per Event < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 70.19 |====================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 64.70 |=================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 73.06 |======================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 67.99 |===================================== OSBench Test: Create Threads us Per Event < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 11.91 |======================================== i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 9.50 |================================ i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 11.76 |======================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 9.29 |=============================== ctx_clock Context Switch Time Clocks < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 818 |========================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 127 |====== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 829 |========================================== i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 128 |====== Darktable 2.6.0 Test: Server Rack - Acceleration: CPU-only Seconds < Lower Is Better i5-8400: Default Mitigations .. 0.22 |======================================= i5-8400: No Mitigations ....... 0.20 |==================================== i5-9400F: Default Mitigations . 0.23 |========================================= i5-9400F: No Mitigations ...... 0.22 |=======================================