Ubuntu 18.04 EC2 AMD EPYC, Intel Xeon, Amazon Graviton Compute NXP LX2160A Compared to Amazon Gravitron m5a.2xlarge: Processor: AMD EPYC 7571 (4 Cores / 8 Threads), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 m5a.2xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Intel 440FX 82441FX PMC, Memory: 31744MB, Disk: 54GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.15.0-1032-aws (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: KVM m5ad.2xlarge: Processor: AMD EPYC 7571 (4 Cores / 8 Threads), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 m5ad.2xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Intel 440FX 82441FX PMC, Memory: 31744MB, Disk: 300GB Amazon EC2 NVMe Instance Storage + 54GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.15.0-1032-aws (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: KVM m5.2xlarge: Processor: Intel Xeon Platinum 8175M (4 Cores / 8 Threads), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 m5.2xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Intel 440FX 82441FX PMC, Memory: 31744MB, Disk: 54GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.15.0-1032-aws (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: KVM m5ad.4xlarge: Processor: AMD EPYC 7571 (8 Cores / 16 Threads), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 m5ad.4xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Intel 440FX 82441FX PMC, Memory: 63488MB, Disk: 2 x 300GB Amazon EC2 NVMe Instance Storage + 54GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.15.0-1032-aws (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: KVM m5a.4xlarge: Processor: AMD EPYC 7571 (8 Cores / 16 Threads), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 m5a.4xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Intel 440FX 82441FX PMC, Memory: 63488MB, Disk: 54GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.15.0-1032-aws (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: KVM m5.4xlarge: Processor: Intel Xeon Platinum 8175M (8 Cores / 16 Threads), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 m5.4xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Intel 440FX 82441FX PMC, Memory: 63488MB, Disk: 54GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.15.0-1032-aws (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: KVM a1.2xlarge: Processor: ARMv8 Cortex-A72 (8 Cores), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 a1.2xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Amazon Device 0200, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 54GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.15.0-1028-aws (aarch64), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4 a1.4xlarge: Processor: ARMv8 Cortex-A72 (16 Cores), Motherboard: Amazon EC2 a1.4xlarge (1.0 BIOS), Chipset: Amazon Device 0200, Memory: 31744MB, Disk: 54GB Amazon Elastic Block Store, Network: Amazon Elastic OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.15.0-1028-aws (aarch64), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4 ClearFog-ITX: Processor: ARMv8 Cortex-A72 @ 2.00GHz (16 Cores), Motherboard: SolidRun LX2160A COM type 7 module, Memory: 14336MB, Disk: 250GB Samsung SSD 860 + 8GB SL08G + 63GB DF4064 OS: Ubuntu 19.04, Kernel: 4.14.83-dirty (aarch64), Compiler: GCC 8.3.0, File-System: ext4 LeelaChessZero 0.20.1 Backend: BLAS Nodes Per Second > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 45.58 |============= m5ad.2xlarge . 49.64 |============== m5.2xlarge ... 133.96 |===================================== m5ad.4xlarge . 74.84 |===================== m5a.4xlarge .. 76.63 |===================== m5.4xlarge ... 201.64 |======================================================== a1.2xlarge ... 42.16 |============ a1.4xlarge ... 63.95 |================== ClearFog-ITX . 77.83 |====================== LeelaChessZero 0.20.1 Performance / Cost - Backend: BLAS Nodes Per Second Per Dollar > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 379.83 |====== m5ad.2xlarge . 354.57 |====== m5.2xlarge ... 2679.20 |============================================ m5ad.4xlarge . 415.78 |======= m5a.4xlarge .. 510.87 |======== m5.4xlarge ... 3360.67 |======================================================= a1.2xlarge ... 527.00 |========= a1.4xlarge ... 639.50 |========== OpenSSL 1.1.1 RSA 4096-bit Performance Signs Per Second > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 531 |================ m5ad.2xlarge . 533 |================ m5.2xlarge ... 943 |============================= m5ad.4xlarge . 1069 |================================= m5a.4xlarge .. 1065 |================================= m5.4xlarge ... 1893 |========================================================== a1.2xlarge ... 293 |========= a1.4xlarge ... 586 |================== ClearFog-ITX . 512 |================ OpenSSL 1.1.1 Performance / Cost - RSA 4096-bit Performance Signs Per Second Per Dollar > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 53123.00 |========================== m5ad.2xlarge . 53290.00 |=========================== m5.2xlarge ... 94343.00 |=============================================== m5ad.4xlarge . 53451.50 |=========================== m5a.4xlarge .. 106530.00 |===================================================== m5.4xlarge ... 94651.50 |=============================================== a1.4xlarge ... 58607.00 |============================= GraphicsMagick 1.3.30 Operation: Resizing Iterations Per Minute > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 142 |============================================== m5ad.2xlarge . 161 |==================================================== m5.2xlarge ... 164 |===================================================== m5ad.4xlarge . 178 |========================================================== m5a.4xlarge .. 178 |========================================================== m5.4xlarge ... 181 |=========================================================== a1.2xlarge ... 132 |=========================================== a1.4xlarge ... 146 |================================================ ClearFog-ITX . 126 |========================================= GraphicsMagick 1.3.30 Performance / Cost - Operation: Resizing Iterations Per Minute Per Dollar > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 7100.00 |============================= m5ad.2xlarge . 8050.00 |================================= m5.2xlarge ... 8200.00 |================================== m5ad.4xlarge . 4450.00 |================== m5a.4xlarge .. 4450.00 |================== m5.4xlarge ... 4525.00 |=================== a1.2xlarge ... 13200.00 |====================================================== a1.4xlarge ... 7300.00 |============================== GraphicsMagick 1.3.30 Operation: Rotate Iterations Per Minute > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 152 |================================================== m5ad.2xlarge . 179 |========================================================== m5.2xlarge ... 179 |========================================================== m5ad.4xlarge . 179 |========================================================== m5a.4xlarge .. 179 |========================================================== m5.4xlarge ... 181 |=========================================================== a1.2xlarge ... 137 |============================================= a1.4xlarge ... 137 |============================================= ClearFog-ITX . 120 |======================================= GraphicsMagick 1.3.30 Performance / Cost - Operation: Rotate Iterations Per Minute Per Dollar > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 7600.00 |============================== m5ad.2xlarge . 8950.00 |=================================== m5.2xlarge ... 8950.00 |=================================== m5ad.4xlarge . 4475.00 |================== m5a.4xlarge .. 4475.00 |================== m5.4xlarge ... 4525.00 |================== a1.2xlarge ... 13700.00 |====================================================== a1.4xlarge ... 6850.00 |=========================== TTSIOD 3D Renderer 2.3b Phong Rendering With Soft-Shadow Mapping FPS > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 163 |================================= m5ad.2xlarge . 165 |================================= m5.2xlarge ... 153 |=============================== m5ad.4xlarge . 251 |=================================================== m5a.4xlarge .. 250 |=================================================== m5.4xlarge ... 291 |=========================================================== a1.2xlarge ... 156 |================================ a1.4xlarge ... 289 |=========================================================== ClearFog-ITX . 239 |================================================ TTSIOD 3D Renderer 2.3b Performance / Cost - Phong Rendering With Soft-Shadow Mapping FPS Per Dollar > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 8125.50 |============================ m5ad.2xlarge . 5503.00 |=================== m5.2xlarge ... 5094.33 |================== m5ad.4xlarge . 6272.00 |====================== m5a.4xlarge .. 8319.00 |============================= m5.4xlarge ... 9708.00 |================================== a1.2xlarge ... 15571.00 |====================================================== a1.4xlarge ... 14431.50 |================================================== Primesieve 7.4 1e12 Prime Number Generation Seconds < Lower Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 76.97 |============================= m5ad.2xlarge . 76.30 |============================= m5.2xlarge ... 62.15 |======================= m5ad.4xlarge . 38.24 |============== m5a.4xlarge .. 38.46 |============== m5.4xlarge ... 31.06 |============ a1.2xlarge ... 148.91 |======================================================== a1.4xlarge ... 71.47 |=========================== ClearFog-ITX . 62.10 |======================= Primesieve 7.4 Performance / Cost - 1e12 Prime Number Generation Seconds x Dollar < Lower Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 1.54 |==================== m5ad.2xlarge . 2.29 |============================== m5.2xlarge ... 1.24 |================ m5ad.4xlarge . 1.15 |=============== m5a.4xlarge .. 0.77 |========== m5.4xlarge ... 0.62 |======== a1.2xlarge ... 4.47 |========================================================== a1.4xlarge ... 2.14 |============================ asmFish 2018-07-23 1024 Hash Memory, 26 Depth Nodes/second > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 7980807 |===================== m5ad.2xlarge . 8328787 |====================== m5.2xlarge ... 10175757 |=========================== m5ad.4xlarge . 15994554 |========================================== m5a.4xlarge .. 15619592 |========================================= m5.4xlarge ... 20605138 |====================================================== a1.2xlarge ... 7565800 |==================== a1.4xlarge ... 15743121 |========================================= ClearFog-ITX . 13046516 |================================== asmFish 2018-07-23 Performance / Cost - 1024 Hash Memory, 26 Depth Nodes/second Per Dollar > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 79808070.00 |======================= m5ad.2xlarge . 75716245.45 |====================== m5.2xlarge ... 113063966.67 |================================ m5ad.4xlarge . 84181863.16 |======================== m5a.4xlarge .. 91879952.94 |========================== m5.4xlarge ... 158501061.54 |============================================= a1.2xlarge ... 126096666.67 |==================================== a1.4xlarge ... 174923566.67 |================================================== Stockfish 9 Total Time Nodes Per Second > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 7553067 |====================== m5ad.2xlarge . 7665654 |====================== m5.2xlarge ... 9311255 |=========================== m5ad.4xlarge . 15080257 |============================================ m5a.4xlarge .. 15294841 |============================================= m5.4xlarge ... 18496508 |====================================================== ClearFog-ITX . 13337891 |======================================= Stockfish 9 Performance / Cost - Total Time Nodes Per Second Per Dollar > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 151061340.00 |================================= m5ad.2xlarge . 127760900.00 |============================ m5.2xlarge ... 186225100.00 |======================================== m5ad.4xlarge . 150802570.00 |================================= m5a.4xlarge .. 191185512.50 |========================================= m5.4xlarge ... 231206350.00 |================================================== PyBench 2018-02-16 Total For Average Test Times Milliseconds < Lower Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 1960 |=========================== m5ad.2xlarge . 1650 |====================== m5.2xlarge ... 1357 |================== m5ad.4xlarge . 1663 |======================= m5a.4xlarge .. 1655 |====================== m5.4xlarge ... 1349 |================== a1.2xlarge ... 4262 |========================================================== a1.4xlarge ... 4254 |========================================================== ClearFog-ITX . 4272 |========================================================== PyBench 2018-02-16 Performance / Cost - Total For Average Test Times Milliseconds x Dollar < Lower Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 19.60 |========= m5ad.2xlarge . 16.50 |======= m5.2xlarge ... 13.57 |====== m5ad.4xlarge . 49.89 |====================== m5a.4xlarge .. 33.10 |=============== m5.4xlarge ... 26.98 |============ a1.2xlarge ... 85.24 |===================================== a1.4xlarge ... 127.62 |======================================================== Scikit-Learn 0.17.1 Seconds < Lower Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 24.37 |===================================== m5ad.2xlarge . 20.76 |=============================== m5.2xlarge ... 18.16 |=========================== m5ad.4xlarge . 18.84 |============================ m5a.4xlarge .. 18.93 |============================= m5.4xlarge ... 17.06 |========================== a1.2xlarge ... 37.81 |========================================================= a1.4xlarge ... 32.70 |================================================= ClearFog-ITX . 30.26 |============================================== Scikit-Learn 0.17.1 Performance / Cost - Seconds x Dollar < Lower Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 0.24 |===================================== m5ad.2xlarge . 0.21 |================================ m5.2xlarge ... 0.18 |=========================== m5ad.4xlarge . 0.38 |========================================================== m5a.4xlarge .. 0.19 |============================= m5.4xlarge ... 0.17 |========================== a1.2xlarge ... 0.38 |========================================================== a1.4xlarge ... 0.33 |================================================== PHPBench 0.8.1 PHP Benchmark Suite Score > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 316373 |=================================== m5ad.2xlarge . 365982 |======================================== m5.2xlarge ... 506795 |======================================================== m5ad.4xlarge . 366592 |======================================== m5a.4xlarge .. 366029 |======================================== m5.4xlarge ... 508371 |======================================================== a1.2xlarge ... 164159 |================== a1.4xlarge ... 164999 |================== ClearFog-ITX . 157595 |================= PHPBench 0.8.1 Performance / Cost - PHP Benchmark Suite Score Per Dollar > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 31637300.00 |================================ m5ad.2xlarge . 36598200.00 |===================================== m5.2xlarge ... 50679500.00 |=================================================== m5ad.4xlarge . 18329600.00 |================== m5a.4xlarge .. 18301450.00 |================== m5.4xlarge ... 50837100.00 |=================================================== a1.2xlarge ... 16415900.00 |================ a1.4xlarge ... 8249950.00 |======== Timed HMMer Search 2.3.2 Pfam Database Search Seconds < Lower Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 12.92 |========================================================= m5ad.2xlarge . 12.69 |======================================================== m5.2xlarge ... 9.08 |======================================== m5ad.4xlarge . 9.14 |======================================== m5a.4xlarge .. 9.20 |========================================= m5.4xlarge ... 6.08 |=========================== ClearFog-ITX . 12.43 |======================================================= Timed MAFFT Alignment 7.392 Multiple Sequence Alignment Seconds < Lower Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 7.05 |========================================================== m5ad.2xlarge . 6.94 |========================================================= m5.2xlarge ... 4.65 |====================================== m5ad.4xlarge . 4.67 |====================================== m5a.4xlarge .. 4.84 |======================================== m5.4xlarge ... 3.67 |============================== a1.2xlarge ... 6.95 |========================================================= a1.4xlarge ... 6.10 |================================================== ClearFog-ITX . 6.42 |===================================================== Himeno Benchmark 3.0 Poisson Pressure Solver MFLOPS > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 144 |==== m5ad.2xlarge . 194 |===== m5.2xlarge ... 2167 |========================================================= m5ad.4xlarge . 905 |======================== m5a.4xlarge .. 913 |======================== m5.4xlarge ... 2193 |========================================================== a1.2xlarge ... 488 |============= a1.4xlarge ... 499 |============= ClearFog-ITX . 509 |============= Himeno Benchmark 3.0 Performance / Cost - Poisson Pressure Solver MFLOPS Per Dollar > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 7181.50 |==== m5ad.2xlarge . 9688.50 |===== m5.2xlarge ... 108365.00 |===================================================== m5ad.4xlarge . 22635.00 |=========== m5a.4xlarge .. 22815.75 |=========== m5.4xlarge ... 54826.75 |=========================== a1.2xlarge ... 48763.00 |======================== a1.4xlarge ... 24964.50 |============ Timed Linux Kernel Compilation 4.18 Time To Compile Seconds < Lower Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 246.00 |===================== m5ad.2xlarge . 240.00 |==================== m5.2xlarge ... 170.00 |============== m5ad.4xlarge . 127.00 |=========== m5a.4xlarge .. 127.00 |=========== m5.4xlarge ... 89.47 |======== a1.2xlarge ... 656.60 |======================================================== a1.4xlarge ... 378.74 |================================ ClearFog-ITX . 352.94 |============================== Timed Linux Kernel Compilation 4.18 Performance / Cost - Time To Compile Seconds x Dollar < Lower Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 17.20 |============== m5ad.2xlarge . 21.63 |================= m5.2xlarge ... 10.19 |======== m5ad.4xlarge . 12.70 |========== m5a.4xlarge .. 10.13 |======== m5.4xlarge ... 5.37 |==== a1.2xlarge ... 72.23 |========================================================= a1.4xlarge ... 49.24 |======================================= 7-Zip Compression 16.02 Compress Speed Test MIPS > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 14382 |===================== m5ad.2xlarge . 14838 |===================== m5.2xlarge ... 20988 |============================== m5ad.4xlarge . 28189 |======================================== m5a.4xlarge .. 28252 |========================================= m5.4xlarge ... 39682 |========================================================= a1.2xlarge ... 13432 |=================== a1.4xlarge ... 25266 |==================================== ClearFog-ITX . 23120 |================================= 7-Zip Compression 16.02 Performance / Cost - Compress Speed Test MIPS Per Dollar > Higher Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 1438200.00 |==================================== m5ad.2xlarge . 741900.00 |================== m5.2xlarge ... 2098800.00 |==================================================== m5ad.4xlarge . 704725.00 |================= m5a.4xlarge .. 941733.33 |======================= m5.4xlarge ... 1322733.33 |================================= a1.2xlarge ... 1343200.00 |================================= a1.4xlarge ... 1263300.00 |=============================== Zstd Compression 1.3.4 Compressing ubuntu-16.04.3-server-i386.img, Compression Level 19 Seconds < Lower Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 58.05 |================================================== m5ad.2xlarge . 54.58 |=============================================== m5.2xlarge ... 35.66 |=============================== m5ad.4xlarge . 33.49 |============================= m5a.4xlarge .. 33.60 |============================= m5.4xlarge ... 19.77 |================= a1.2xlarge ... 65.99 |========================================================= a1.4xlarge ... 40.08 |=================================== ClearFog-ITX . 54.69 |=============================================== Zstd Compression 1.3.4 Performance / Cost - Compressing ubuntu-16.04.3-server-i386.img, Compression Level 19 Seconds x Dollar < Lower Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 1.16 |========================================================== m5ad.2xlarge . 1.09 |======================================================= m5.2xlarge ... 0.36 |================== m5ad.4xlarge . 1.00 |================================================== m5a.4xlarge .. 0.67 |================================== m5.4xlarge ... 0.40 |==================== a1.2xlarge ... 0.66 |================================= a1.4xlarge ... 0.40 |==================== CloverLeaf Lagrangian-Eulerian Hydrodynamics Seconds < Lower Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 5.88 |============================================== m5ad.2xlarge . 5.48 |=========================================== m5.2xlarge ... 3.27 |========================= m5ad.4xlarge . 4.71 |===================================== m5a.4xlarge .. 4.74 |===================================== m5.4xlarge ... 1.87 |=============== a1.2xlarge ... 7.47 |========================================================== a1.4xlarge ... 5.68 |============================================ ClearFog-ITX . 6.96 |====================================================== NAMD 2.13b1 ATPase Simulation - 327,506 Atoms days/ns < Lower Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 7.04382 |======================================================= m5ad.2xlarge . 6.95750 |====================================================== m5.2xlarge ... 5.12792 |======================================== m5ad.4xlarge . 3.49797 |=========================== m5a.4xlarge .. 3.52828 |============================ m5.4xlarge ... 2.56888 |==================== NAMD 2.13b1 Performance / Cost - ATPase Simulation - 327,506 Atoms days/ns x Dollar < Lower Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 0.70 |===================================================== m5ad.2xlarge . 0.77 |========================================================== m5.2xlarge ... 0.41 |=============================== m5ad.4xlarge . 0.42 |================================ m5a.4xlarge .. 0.35 |========================== m5.4xlarge ... 0.23 |================= Cost To Run Tests Cost / Price Per Hour Cost / Price Per Hour < Lower Is Better m5a.2xlarge .. 0.64 |=================================== m5ad.2xlarge . 0.73 |======================================== m5.2xlarge ... 0.51 |============================ m5ad.4xlarge . 1.07 |========================================================== m5a.4xlarge .. 0.90 |================================================= m5.4xlarge ... 0.75 |========================================= a1.2xlarge ... 0.40 |====================== a1.4xlarge ... 0.57 |=============================== Timed HMMer Search 2.3.2 Performance / Cost - Pfam Database Search Seconds x Dollar < Lower Is Better m5ad.2xlarge . 0.13 |========================================================== m5ad.4xlarge . 0.09 |======================================== m5a.4xlarge .. 0.09 |======================================== m5.4xlarge ... 0.06 |=========================== Timed MAFFT Alignment 7.392 Performance / Cost - Multiple Sequence Alignment Seconds x Dollar < Lower Is Better m5ad.4xlarge . 0.05 |========================================================== CloverLeaf Performance / Cost - Lagrangian-Eulerian Hydrodynamics Seconds x Dollar < Lower Is Better m5ad.4xlarge . 0.05 |==========================================================