More NVIDIA TITAN RTX vs. RTX 2080 Ti Linux
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 Ti versus TITAN RTX Linux benchmarks for a future article on Phoronix by Michael Larabel.


NVIDIA TITAN RTX: 

	Processor: Intel Core i9-9900K @ 5.00GHz (8 Cores / 16 Threads), Motherboard: ASUS PRIME Z390-A (0602 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Cannon Lake PCH Shared SRAM, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 2000GB SABRENT + Samsung SSD 970 EVO 250GB, Graphics: NVIDIA TITAN RTX 24GB (1350/7000MHz), Audio: Realtek ALC1220, Monitor: Acer B286HK, Network: Intel Connection

	OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.19.5-041905-generic (x86_64), Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.28.3, Display Server: X Server 1.19.6, Display Driver: NVIDIA 415.23, OpenGL: 4.6.0, OpenCL: OpenCL 1.2 CUDA 10.0.132, Vulkan: 1.1.84, Compiler: GCC 7.3.0 + LLVM 6.0.0 + CUDA 10.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 3840x2160

NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti: 

	Processor: Intel Core i9-9900K @ 5.00GHz (8 Cores / 16 Threads), Motherboard: ASUS PRIME Z390-A (0602 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Cannon Lake PCH Shared SRAM, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 2000GB SABRENT + Samsung SSD 970 EVO 250GB, Graphics: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 Ti 11GB (1350/7000MHz), Audio: Realtek ALC1220, Monitor: Acer B286HK, Network: Intel Connection

	OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.19.5-041905-generic (x86_64), Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.28.3, Display Server: X Server 1.19.6, Display Driver: NVIDIA 415.23, OpenGL: 4.6.0, OpenCL: OpenCL 1.2 CUDA 10.0.132, Vulkan: 1.1.84, Compiler: GCC 7.3.0 + LLVM 6.0.0 + CUDA 10.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 3840x2160


Mixbench 2016-06-06
Benchmark: Integer
GIOPS > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 17326 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 16524 |=================================================


Mixbench 2016-06-06
Benchmark: Double Precision
GFLOPS > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 466 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 439 |==================================================


Mixbench 2016-06-06
Benchmark: Single Precision
GFLOPS > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 17290 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 16537 |=================================================


cl-mem 2017-01-13
Benchmark: Copy
GB/s > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 483 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 453 |==================================================


cl-mem 2017-01-13
Benchmark: Read
GB/s > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 567 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 544 |===================================================


cl-mem 2017-01-13
Benchmark: Write
GB/s > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 495 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 443 |===============================================


Batman: Arkham Origins
Resolution: 3840 x 2160
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 173 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 165 |===================================================


Counter-Strike: Global Offensive
Resolution: 3840 x 2160
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 284 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 263 |=================================================


Counter-Strike: Global Offensive
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Total Frame Time
Milliseconds < Lower Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... MIN: 2  AVG: 5     MAX: 3842 
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . MIN: 2  AVG: 5     MAX: 3832 


Deus Ex: Mankind Divided
Preset: 3840 x 2160 - Low Quality
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 71.67 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 68.83 |=================================================


Deus Ex: Mankind Divided
Preset: 2560 x 1440 - High Quality
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 83.83 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 82.53 |==================================================


DiRT Rally
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Ultra
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 136 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 132 |===================================================


Dota 2
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Renderer: Vulkan
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 146 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 144 |====================================================


Dawn of War III
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Ultra - Renderer: Vulkan
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 80.51 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 77.14 |=================================================


F1 2017
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Anti Aliasing: TAA
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 139 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 135 |===================================================


F1 2017
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Ultra High - Anti Aliasing: TAA
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 116 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 113 |====================================================


F1 2018
Configuration: 3840 x 2160 - High Quality
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 165 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 162 |====================================================


F1 2018
Configuration: 3840 x 2160 - High Quality - Total Frame Time
Milliseconds < Lower Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... MIN: 3.7  AVG: 6.0   MAX: 83.3 
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . MIN: 3.8  AVG: 6.2   MAX: 83.3 


F1 2018
Configuration: 3840 x 2160 - Ultra High Quality
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 119 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 116 |====================================================


F1 2018
Configuration: 3840 x 2160 - Ultra High Quality - Total Frame Time
Milliseconds < Lower Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... MIN: 4.8  AVG: 8.4   MAX: 83.3 
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . MIN: 4.6  AVG: 8.6   MAX: 83.3 


Mad Max
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: OpenGL - Scene: Camp Hollow Point
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 39.59 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 39.59 |===================================================


Mad Max
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: OpenGL - Scene: Stronghold
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 41.13 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 41.13 |===================================================


Mad Max
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: OpenGL - Scene: Hope, Glory, and Dog is Dead
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 36.46 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 36.46 |===================================================


Mad Max
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: OpenGL - Scene: Landmover
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 42.44 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 42.44 |===================================================


Metro 2033 Redux

Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 147 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 148 |=====================================================


Rise of the Tomb Raider
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Anti Aliasing: SSAA 4x - Scene: Spine Of The Mountain
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 51.70 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 49.25 |=================================================


Rise of the Tomb Raider
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Anti Aliasing: SSAA 4x - Scene: Prophets Tomb
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 36.10 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 33.80 |================================================


Rise of the Tomb Raider
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Anti Aliasing: SSAA 4x - Scene: Geothermal Valley
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 38.80 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 36.35 |================================================


Rise of the Tomb Raider
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Very High - Anti Aliasing: SSAA 4x - Scene: Spine Of The Mountain
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 48.65 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 47.25 |==================================================


Rise of the Tomb Raider
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Very High - Anti Aliasing: SSAA 4x - Scene: Prophets Tomb
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 34.55 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 32.30 |================================================


Rise of the Tomb Raider
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Very High - Anti Aliasing: SSAA 4x - Scene: Geothermal Valley
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 34.55 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 31.90 |===============================================


Serious Sam 3: BFE
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Quality: Ultra - Renderer: Vulkan
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 78.19 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 73.27 |================================================


The Talos Principle
Renderer: Vulkan - Resolution: 3840 x 2160
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 146 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 139 |==================================================


A Total War Saga: THRONES OF BRITANNIA
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Ultra
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 58.80 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 55.97 |=================================================


A Total War Saga: THRONES OF BRITANNIA
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Ultra - Total Frame Time
Milliseconds < Lower Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... MIN: 7  AVG: 17   MAX: 254 
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . MIN: 9  AVG: 18   MAX: 267 


A Total War Saga: THRONES OF BRITANNIA
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Extreme
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 31.63 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 30.40 |=================================================


A Total War Saga: THRONES OF BRITANNIA
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Extreme - Total Frame Time
Milliseconds < Lower Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... MIN: 10  AVG: 32   MAX: 247 
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . MIN: 10  AVG: 33   MAX: 276 


Tomb Raider
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Quality: Ultra
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 91.83 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 89.90 |==================================================


Total War: WARHAMMER II 1.0
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Scenario: Skaven Battle
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 85.13 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 80.80 |================================================


Total War: WARHAMMER II 1.0
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Scenario: Skaven Battle - Total Frame Time
Milliseconds < Lower Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... MIN: 5.3  AVG: 11.7  MAX: 66.6 
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . MIN: 4.9  AVG: 12.6  MAX: 67.7 


Total War: WARHAMMER II 1.0
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Ultra - Scenario: Skaven Battle
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 65.90 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 64.50 |==================================================


Total War: WARHAMMER II 1.0
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Ultra - Scenario: Skaven Battle - Total Frame Time
Milliseconds < Lower Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... MIN: 7  AVG: 15   MAX: 897 
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . MIN: 8  AVG: 16   MAX: 67 


Total War: WARHAMMER II 1.0
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Scenario: Fallen Gates Battle
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 67.07 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 64.00 |=================================================


Total War: WARHAMMER II 1.0
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Scenario: Fallen Gates Battle - Total Frame Time
Milliseconds < Lower Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... MIN: 5.3  AVG: 14.9  MAX: 54.1 
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . MIN: 5.3  AVG: 15.6  MAX: 57.8 


Total War: WARHAMMER II 1.0
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Ultra - Scenario: Fallen Gates Battle
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 54.20 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 51.93 |=================================================


Total War: WARHAMMER II 1.0
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Ultra - Scenario: Fallen Gates Battle - Total Frame Time
Milliseconds < Lower Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... MIN: 7.3  AVG: 18.5  MAX: 59.5 
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . MIN: 4.6  AVG: 19.3  MAX: 61.6 


Unigine Heaven 4.0
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen - Renderer: OpenGL
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 70.56 |================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 74.58 |===================================================


Unigine Superposition 1.0
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen - Quality: Low - Renderer: OpenGL
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 146 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 140 |===================================================


Unigine Superposition 1.0
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen - Quality: High - Renderer: OpenGL
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 42.93 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 40.70 |================================================


Unigine Superposition 1.0
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen - Quality: Ultra - Renderer: OpenGL
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 11.50 |================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 12.10 |===================================================


Unigine Superposition 1.0
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen - Quality: Medium - Renderer: OpenGL
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 61.90 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 58.90 |=================================================


Unigine Valley 1.0
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen - Renderer: OpenGL
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 81.98 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 78.02 |=================================================


Xonotic 0.8.2
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Effects Quality: Ultimate
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 302 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 296 |====================================================


GLmark2
Resolution: 3840 x 2160
Score > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 2390 |====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 2356 |===================================================


X-Plane 11
Quality: Very High GPU - Resolution: 3840 x 2160
Frames Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 33.73 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 33.80 |===================================================


NVIDIA GPU Cloud TensorFlow 18.09
Test: VGG-16, FP16
Images Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 244 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 207 |=============================================


NVIDIA GPU Cloud TensorFlow 18.09
Test: VGG-16, FP32
Images Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 163 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 152 |=================================================


NVIDIA GPU Cloud TensorFlow 18.09
Test: AlexNet, FP16
Images Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 5007 |====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 4425 |==============================================


NVIDIA GPU Cloud TensorFlow 18.09
Test: AlexNet, FP32
Images Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 3571 |====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 3343 |=================================================


NVIDIA GPU Cloud TensorFlow 18.09
Test: Googlenet, FP16
Images Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 1132 |====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 1011 |==============================================


NVIDIA GPU Cloud TensorFlow 18.09
Test: Googlenet, FP32
Images Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 823 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 764 |=================================================


NVIDIA GPU Cloud TensorFlow 18.09
Test: ResNet-50, FP16
Images Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 509 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 451 |===============================================


NVIDIA GPU Cloud TensorFlow 18.09
Test: ResNet-50, FP32
Images Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 298 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 284 |===================================================


NVIDIA GPU Cloud TensorFlow 18.09
Test: Inception v4, FP16
Images Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 152 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 135 |===============================================


NVIDIA GPU Cloud TensorFlow 18.09
Test: Inception v4, FP32
Images Per Second > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 94.17 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 89.70 |=================================================


GeeXLab 0.25.3.0
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Test: GL2 Tunnel Beauty
FPS > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 261 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 252 |===================================================


GeeXLab 0.25.3.0
Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Test: GL2 Hot Tunnel DNA
FPS > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 280 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 271 |===================================================


GpuTest 0.7.0
Test: GiMark - Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen
Points > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 15499 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 13421 |============================================


GpuTest 0.7.0
Test: Furmark - Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen
Points > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 7089 |====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 5827 |===========================================


GpuTest 0.7.0
Test: TessMark - Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen
Points > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 30125 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 27077 |==============================================


GpuTest 0.7.0
Test: Triangle - Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen
Points > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 160073 |==================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 154675 |================================================


GpuTest 0.7.0
Test: Pixmark Piano - Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen
Points > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 1955 |====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 1872 |==================================================


GpuTest 0.7.0
Test: Pixmark Volplosion - Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen
Points > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 4146 |====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 4005 |==================================================


LuxMark 3.1
OpenCL Device: GPU - Scene: Hotel
Score > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 9744 |====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 9182 |=================================================


LuxMark 3.1
OpenCL Device: GPU - Scene: Microphone
Score > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 30574 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 28855 |================================================


LuxMark 3.1
OpenCL Device: GPU - Scene: Luxball HDR
Score > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 46560 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 42346 |==============================================


clpeak
OpenCL Test: Kernel Latency
us < Lower Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 3.88 |====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 3.79 |===================================================


clpeak
OpenCL Test: Integer Compute INT
GIOPS > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 15515 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 14979 |=================================================


clpeak
OpenCL Test: Single-Precision Float
GFLOPS > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 16839 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 16174 |=================================================


clpeak
OpenCL Test: Double-Precision Double
GFLOPS > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 538 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 516 |===================================================


clpeak
OpenCL Test: Global Memory Bandwidth
GBPS > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 528 |=====================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 505 |===================================================


clpeak
OpenCL Test: Transfer Bandwidth enqueueReadBuffer
GBPS > Higher Is Better
NVIDIA TITAN RTX ... 11.40 |===================================================
NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti . 11.36 |===================================================