NVIDIA Driver Test 396

Intel Core i7-8086K testing with a ASUS PRIME Z370-A (1002 BIOS) and NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 8192MB on Ubuntu 18.04 via the Phoronix Test Suite.

HTML result view exported from: https://openbenchmarking.org/result/1808212-RA-NVIDIADRI65.

ProcessorMotherboardChipsetMemoryDiskGraphicsAudioMonitorNetworkOSKernelDesktopDisplay ServerDisplay DriverOpenGLCompilerFile-SystemScreen Resolution396.51396.54 GTX 1080 GTX 1070 Ti GTX 1070 Ti GTX 1080Intel Core i7-8086K @ 5.00GHz (6 Cores / 12 Threads)ASUS PRIME Z370-A (1002 BIOS)Intel Device 3ec216384MB525GB SABRENT + 118GB INTEL SSDPEK1W120GANVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 8192MB (1607/5005MHz)Realtek ALC1220Acer B286HKIntel ConnectionUbuntu 18.044.15.0-32-generic (x86_64)GNOME Shell 3.28.2X Server 1.19.6NVIDIA 396.514.6.0GCC 7.3.0ext43840x2160Zotac NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070 Ti 8192MB (1607/4006MHz)NVIDIA 396.54NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 8192MB (1607/5005MHz)OpenBenchmarking.orgProcessor Details- Scaling Governor: intel_pstate performanceSecurity Details- KPTI + __user pointer sanitization + Full generic retpoline IBPB IBRS_FW + SSB disabled via prctl and seccomp + PTE Inversion; VMX: conditional cache flushes SMT vulnerable Protection

bioshock-infinite: 3840 x 2160 - Lowbioshock-infinite: 3840 x 2160 - Very Highdeus-exmd: 3840 x 2160 - Low Qualitydeus-exmd: 2560 x 1440 - High Qualitydirt-rally: 3840 x 2160 - Ultradirt-rally: 3840 x 2160 - Mediumdota2: 3840 x 2160 - OpenGLdota2: 3840 x 2160 - Vulkandow3: 3840 x 2160 - Low - Vulkandow3: 3840 x 2160 - High - Vulkanf12017: 3840 x 2160 - High - Offf12017: 3840 x 2160 - Medium - Offf12017: 3840 x 2160 - Ultra Low - Offmadmax: 3840 x 2160 - High - OpenGL - Camp Hollow Pointmadmax: 3840 x 2160 - High - Vulkan - Camp Hollow Pointmetroll-redux: 3840 x 2160riseofthetombraider: 3840 x 2160 - Low - Off - Spine Of The Mountainriseofthetombraider: 3840 x 2160 - Lowest - Off - Spine Of The Mountainriseofthetombraider: 3840 x 2160 - Medium - Off - Spine Of The Mountaintesseract: 3840 x 2160thronesofbritannia: 3840 x 2160 - Lowthronesofbritannia: 3840 x 2160 - Highthronesofbritannia: 3840 x 2160 - Mediumunigine-heaven: 3840 x 2160 - Fullscreen - OpenGLunigine-super: 3840 x 2160 - Fullscreen - Low - OpenGLunigine-super: 3840 x 2160 - Fullscreen - Medium - OpenGLxonotic: 3840 x 2160 - Ultimate396.51396.54 GTX 1080 GTX 1070 Ti GTX 1070 Ti GTX 1080160.46159.4939.5753.9086.5699.3390.10102.7049.0040.23778610548.6051.5290.4764.6076.8551.25213.2173.3346.2056.3330.466830.50214.29146.01145.9337.0349.4378.8188.0475.7785.2341.6835.3371799639.6343.9476.5854.1564.3043.10172.4461.1340.5048.7028.4056.9026.20190.83145.93145.7537.2049.7087.56111.33113.35124.2058.1947.94809010849.3054.83106.4884.30103.5563.45275.8296.6356.2369.7035.5581.1033.50207.37160.25160.2239.8054.1792.68118.45120.13129.1860.8650.57839311153.4859.80116.4692.20113.6568.00295.55104.2759.0775.0335.7486.5035.60227.64OpenBenchmarking.org

BioShock Infinite

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Effects Quality: Low

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterBioShock InfiniteResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Effects Quality: LowGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti4080120160200SE +/- 0.40, N = 3SE +/- 0.16, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.09, N = 3160.46146.01145.93160.25

BioShock Infinite

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Effects Quality: Very High

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterBioShock InfiniteResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Effects Quality: Very HighGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti4080120160200SE +/- 0.46, N = 3SE +/- 0.10, N = 3SE +/- 0.10, N = 3SE +/- 0.06, N = 3159.49145.93145.75160.22

Deus Ex: Mankind Divided

Preset: 3840 x 2160 - Low Quality

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterDeus Ex: Mankind DividedPreset: 3840 x 2160 - Low QualityGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti918273645SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.15, N = 339.5737.0337.2039.80

Deus Ex: Mankind Divided

Preset: 2560 x 1440 - High Quality

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterDeus Ex: Mankind DividedPreset: 2560 x 1440 - High QualityGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti1224364860SE +/- 0.10, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.10, N = 3SE +/- 0.07, N = 353.9049.4349.7054.17

DiRT Rally

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Ultra

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterDiRT RallyResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: UltraGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti20406080100SE +/- 4.31, N = 3SE +/- 5.35, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 3SE +/- 0.16, N = 386.5678.8187.5692.68

DiRT Rally

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Medium

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterDiRT RallyResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: MediumGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti306090120150SE +/- 0.06, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 3SE +/- 0.07, N = 399.3388.04111.33118.45

Dota 2

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Renderer: OpenGL

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterDota 2Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Renderer: OpenGLGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti306090120150SE +/- 0.12, N = 3SE +/- 0.09, N = 3SE +/- 1.95, N = 4SE +/- 0.58, N = 390.1075.77113.35120.13

Dota 2

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Renderer: Vulkan

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterDota 2Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Renderer: VulkanGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti306090120150SE +/- 0.00, N = 3SE +/- 1.17, N = 3SE +/- 1.80, N = 5SE +/- 1.53, N = 8102.7085.23124.20129.18

Dawn of War III

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Low - Renderer: Vulkan

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterDawn of War IIIResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Low - Renderer: VulkanGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti1428425670SE +/- 0.05, N = 3SE +/- 0.29, N = 3SE +/- 0.28, N = 3SE +/- 0.44, N = 349.0041.6858.1960.86

Dawn of War III

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: Vulkan

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterDawn of War IIIResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: VulkanGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti1122334455SE +/- 0.02, N = 3SE +/- 0.15, N = 3SE +/- 0.07, N = 3SE +/- 0.19, N = 340.2335.3347.9450.57

F1 2017

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Anti Aliasing: Off

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterF1 2017Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Anti Aliasing: OffGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti20406080100SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 0.33, N = 3SE +/- 0.33, N = 377718083

F1 2017

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Medium - Anti Aliasing: Off

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterF1 2017Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Medium - Anti Aliasing: OffGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti20406080100SE +/- 0.33, N = 386799093

F1 2017

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Ultra Low - Anti Aliasing: Off

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterF1 2017Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Ultra Low - Anti Aliasing: OffGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti20406080100SE +/- 0.33, N = 310596108111

Mad Max

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: OpenGL - Scene: Camp Hollow Point

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterMad MaxResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: OpenGL - Scene: Camp Hollow PointGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti122436486048.6039.6349.3053.48

Mad Max

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: OpenGL - Scene: Stronghold

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterMad MaxResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: OpenGL - Scene: StrongholdGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti112233445542.0539.0843.8848.27

Mad Max

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: OpenGL - Scene: Hope, Glory, and Dog is Dead

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterMad MaxResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: OpenGL - Scene: Hope, Glory, and Dog is DeadGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti122436486046.2539.9148.5952.44

Mad Max

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: OpenGL - Scene: Landmover

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterMad MaxResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: OpenGL - Scene: LandmoverGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti142842567054.2456.5757.4161.10

Mad Max

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: Vulkan - Scene: Camp Hollow Point

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterMad MaxResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: Vulkan - Scene: Camp Hollow PointGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti132639526551.5243.9454.8359.80

Mad Max

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: Vulkan - Scene: Stronghold

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterMad MaxResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: Vulkan - Scene: StrongholdGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti142842567053.8546.9856.6260.94

Mad Max

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: Vulkan - Scene: Hope, Glory, and Dog is Dead

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterMad MaxResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: Vulkan - Scene: Hope, Glory, and Dog is DeadGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti132639526550.0043.1153.2656.85

Mad Max

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: Vulkan - Scene: Landmover

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterMad MaxResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Renderer: Vulkan - Scene: LandmoverGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti153045607556.5748.2861.8765.60

Metro: Last Light Redux

Resolution: 3840 x 2160

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterMetro: Last Light ReduxResolution: 3840 x 2160GTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti306090120150SE +/- 0.13, N = 3SE +/- 0.15, N = 3SE +/- 0.26, N = 3SE +/- 0.44, N = 390.4776.58106.48116.46

Rise of the Tomb Raider

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Low - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Spine Of The Mountain

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterRise of the Tomb RaiderResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Low - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Spine Of The MountainGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti20406080100SE +/- 0.20, N = 2SE +/- 0.05, N = 2SE +/- 0.10, N = 2SE +/- 0.10, N = 264.6054.1584.3092.20

Rise of the Tomb Raider

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Low - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Prophets Tomb

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterRise of the Tomb RaiderResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Low - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Prophets TombGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti1326395265SE +/- 0.05, N = 2SE +/- 0.05, N = 2SE +/- 0.15, N = 2SE +/- 0.10, N = 245.0539.0552.2557.10

Rise of the Tomb Raider

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Low - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Geothermal Valley

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterRise of the Tomb RaiderResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Low - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Geothermal ValleyGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti1530456075SE +/- 0.10, N = 2SE +/- 0.05, N = 2SE +/- 0.10, N = 2SE +/- 0.30, N = 251.3044.3561.1065.80

Rise of the Tomb Raider

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Lowest - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Spine Of The Mountain

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterRise of the Tomb RaiderResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Lowest - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Spine Of The MountainGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti306090120150SE +/- 0.05, N = 2SE +/- 0.60, N = 2SE +/- 0.05, N = 2SE +/- 0.25, N = 276.8564.30103.55113.65

Rise of the Tomb Raider

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Lowest - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Prophets Tomb

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterRise of the Tomb RaiderResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Lowest - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Prophets TombGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti1530456075SE +/- 0.05, N = 2SE +/- 0.05, N = 2SE +/- 0.05, N = 2SE +/- 0.10, N = 251.6544.5560.7566.70

Rise of the Tomb Raider

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Lowest - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Geothermal Valley

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterRise of the Tomb RaiderResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Lowest - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Geothermal ValleyGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti20406080100SE +/- 0.05, N = 2SE +/- 0.10, N = 2SE +/- 0.20, N = 261.0052.3574.7081.70

Rise of the Tomb Raider

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Medium - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Spine Of The Mountain

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterRise of the Tomb RaiderResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Medium - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Spine Of The MountainGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti1530456075SE +/- 0.15, N = 2SE +/- 0.00, N = 2SE +/- 0.15, N = 2SE +/- 0.10, N = 251.2543.1063.4568.00

Rise of the Tomb Raider

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Medium - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Prophets Tomb

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterRise of the Tomb RaiderResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Medium - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Prophets TombGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti1122334455SE +/- 0.10, N = 2SE +/- 0.05, N = 2SE +/- 0.05, N = 2SE +/- 0.00, N = 239.6034.5544.7548.70

Rise of the Tomb Raider

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Medium - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Geothermal Valley

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterRise of the Tomb RaiderResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Medium - Anti Aliasing: Off - Scene: Geothermal ValleyGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti1224364860SE +/- 0.10, N = 2SE +/- 0.00, N = 2SE +/- 0.10, N = 2SE +/- 0.15, N = 243.5037.8050.1054.65

Tesseract

Resolution: 3840 x 2160

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterTesseract 2014-05-12Resolution: 3840 x 2160GTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti60120180240300SE +/- 0.79, N = 3SE +/- 0.51, N = 3SE +/- 4.78, N = 4SE +/- 5.54, N = 3213.21172.44275.82295.55

A Total War Saga: THRONES OF BRITANNIA

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Low

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterA Total War Saga: THRONES OF BRITANNIAResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: LowGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti20406080100SE +/- 0.24, N = 3SE +/- 0.41, N = 3SE +/- 0.49, N = 3SE +/- 1.31, N = 373.3361.1396.63104.27

A Total War Saga: THRONES OF BRITANNIA

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Low - Total Frame Time

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgMilliseconds, Fewer Is BetterA Total War Saga: THRONES OF BRITANNIAResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Low - Total Frame TimeGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti50100150200250Min: 3.6 / Avg: 13.67 / Max: 274.6Min: 3.4 / Avg: 16.34 / Max: 290.8Min: 2.9 / Avg: 10.24 / Max: 274.3Min: 2.6 / Avg: 9.65 / Max: 270.8

A Total War Saga: THRONES OF BRITANNIA

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterA Total War Saga: THRONES OF BRITANNIAResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: HighGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti1326395265SE +/- 0.25, N = 3SE +/- 0.15, N = 3SE +/- 0.09, N = 3SE +/- 0.22, N = 346.2040.5056.2359.07

A Total War Saga: THRONES OF BRITANNIA

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Total Frame Time

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgMilliseconds, Fewer Is BetterA Total War Saga: THRONES OF BRITANNIAResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: High - Total Frame TimeGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti50100150200250Min: 8.8 / Avg: 21.75 / Max: 271.6Min: 9.2 / Avg: 24.62 / Max: 273.3Min: 8 / Avg: 17.78 / Max: 280.2Min: 6.4 / Avg: 17.02 / Max: 287.4

A Total War Saga: THRONES OF BRITANNIA

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Medium

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterA Total War Saga: THRONES OF BRITANNIAResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: MediumGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti20406080100SE +/- 0.07, N = 3SE +/- 0.06, N = 3SE +/- 0.10, N = 3SE +/- 0.03, N = 356.3348.7069.7075.03

A Total War Saga: THRONES OF BRITANNIA

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Medium - Total Frame Time

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgMilliseconds, Fewer Is BetterA Total War Saga: THRONES OF BRITANNIAResolution: 3840 x 2160 - Graphics Preset: Medium - Total Frame TimeGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti50100150200250Min: 5.7 / Avg: 17.73 / Max: 270.6Min: 6.4 / Avg: 20.47 / Max: 280.4Min: 5.6 / Avg: 14.32 / Max: 274.7Min: 5.2 / Avg: 13.33 / Max: 287.8

Unigine Heaven

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen - Renderer: OpenGL

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterUnigine Heaven 4.0Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen - Renderer: OpenGLGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti816243240SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 3SE +/- 0.04, N = 3SE +/- 0.01, N = 330.4628.4035.5535.74

Unigine Superposition

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen - Quality: Low - Renderer: OpenGL

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterUnigine Superposition 1.0Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen - Quality: Low - Renderer: OpenGLGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti2040608010068.0056.9081.1086.50

Unigine Superposition

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen - Quality: Medium - Renderer: OpenGL

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterUnigine Superposition 1.0Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Mode: Fullscreen - Quality: Medium - Renderer: OpenGLGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti81624324030.5026.2033.5035.60

Xonotic

Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Effects Quality: Ultimate

396.51396.54OpenBenchmarking.orgFrames Per Second, More Is BetterXonotic 0.8.2Resolution: 3840 x 2160 - Effects Quality: UltimateGTX 1080GTX 1070 Ti50100150200250SE +/- 0.13, N = 3SE +/- 0.18, N = 3SE +/- 0.38, N = 3SE +/- 0.64, N = 3214.29190.83207.37227.64

Phoronix Test Suite v10.8.4