ssd DRBD on 2x NVMe (RAID1), Xenial LXC in Xenial Host (dev-db2), 1Gb/s ethernet Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LVM/SSD Samsung 850: Processor: Intel Core i5-5300U @ 2.90GHz (2 Cores / 4 Threads), Motherboard: Intel NUC5i5MYBE (MYBDWi5v.86A.0026.2015.0820.1501 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Broadwell-U-OPI, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 512GB Samsung SSD 850, Graphics: Intel HD 5500 (900MHz), Audio: Intel Broadwell-U Audio, Monitor: HP w20, Network: Intel Connection OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.15.0-13-generic (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1680x1050 Ceph/SSD, 1Gb/s: Processor: Intel Core i5-5300U @ 2.90GHz (2 Cores / 4 Threads), Motherboard: Intel NUC5i5MYBE (MYBDWi5v.86A.0026.2015.0820.1501 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Broadwell-U-OPI, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 256GB Samsung SSD 850, Graphics: Intel HD 5500 (900MHz), Audio: Intel Broadwell-U Audio, Network: Intel Connection OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.15.0-13-generic (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: lxc Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LXC/NVMe: Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v6 @ 4.20GHz (4 Cores / 8 Threads), Motherboard: Supermicro X11SSL-F v1.01 (2.0a BIOS), Memory: 64512MB, Disk: 2 x 800GB INTEL SSDSC2BB80 + 2 x 400GB INTEL SSDPEDME400G4, Graphics: astdrmfb OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.4.0-93-generic (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext2, Screen Resolution: 1024x768, System Layer: lxc drbd-nvme: Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v6 @ 4.20GHz (4 Cores / 8 Threads), Motherboard: Supermicro X11SSL-F v1.01 (2.0a BIOS), Memory: 64512MB, Disk: 2 x 800GB INTEL SSDSC2BB80 + 2 x 400GB INTEL SSDPEDME400G4, Graphics: astdrmfb OS: Ubuntu 16.04, Kernel: 4.4.0-93-generic (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 5.4.0 20160609, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1024x768, System Layer: lxc DRBD/NVMe: Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v6 @ 4.20GHz (4 Cores / 8 Threads), Motherboard: Supermicro X11SSL-F v1.01 (2.0a BIOS), Memory: 64512MB, Disk: 2 x 800GB INTEL SSDSC2BB80 + 2 x 400GB INTEL SSDPEDME400G4, Graphics: astdrmfb OS: Ubuntu 16.04, Kernel: 4.4.0-93-generic (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 5.4.0 20160609, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1024x768, System Layer: lxc AIO-Stress 0.21 Random Write MB/s > Higher Is Better Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LVM/SSD Samsung 850 . 2292.94 |================== Ceph/SSD, 1Gb/s ......................... 2219.44 |================= Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LXC/NVMe ............ 1918.11 |=============== drbd-nvme ............................... 3582.94 |============================ DRBD/NVMe ............................... 3573.95 |============================ SQLite 3.22 Timed SQLite Insertions Seconds < Lower Is Better Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LVM/SSD Samsung 850 . 135.45 |============ Ceph/SSD, 1Gb/s ......................... 323.25 |============================= Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LXC/NVMe ............ 2.73 | DRBD/NVMe ............................... 2.54 | FS-Mark 3.3 1000 Files, 1MB Size Files/s > Higher Is Better Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LVM/SSD Samsung 850 . 57.90 |==== Ceph/SSD, 1Gb/s ......................... 17.37 |= Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LXC/NVMe ............ 421.70 |============================ DRBD/NVMe ............................... 433.03 |============================= Dbench 4.0 12 Clients MB/s > Higher Is Better Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LVM/SSD Samsung 850 . 210.28 |= Ceph/SSD, 1Gb/s ......................... 86.08 |= Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LXC/NVMe ............ 4050.65 |============================ DRBD/NVMe ............................... 3142.73 |====================== Dbench 4.0 48 Clients MB/s > Higher Is Better Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LVM/SSD Samsung 850 . 570.62 |=== Ceph/SSD, 1Gb/s ......................... 189.28 |= Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LXC/NVMe ............ 4928.96 |============================ DRBD/NVMe ............................... 3239.23 |================== Dbench 4.0 128 Clients MB/s > Higher Is Better Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LVM/SSD Samsung 850 . 1010.77 |====== Ceph/SSD, 1Gb/s ......................... 286.69 |== Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LXC/NVMe ............ 4649.74 |============================ DRBD/NVMe ............................... 2739.20 |================ Dbench 4.0 1 Clients MB/s > Higher Is Better Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LVM/SSD Samsung 850 . 42.76 |= Ceph/SSD, 1Gb/s ......................... 17.89 |= Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LXC/NVMe ............ 808.69 |========================= DRBD/NVMe ............................... 923.36 |============================= Threaded I/O Tester 20170503 64MB Random Read - 32 Threads MB/s > Higher Is Better Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LVM/SSD Samsung 850 . 73033.05 |======= Ceph/SSD, 1Gb/s ......................... 47240.68 |===== Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LXC/NVMe ............ 237556.39 |======================= DRBD/NVMe ............................... 270736.23 |========================== Threaded I/O Tester 20170503 64MB Random Write - 32 Threads MB/s > Higher Is Better Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LVM/SSD Samsung 850 . 93.97 | Ceph/SSD, 1Gb/s ......................... 62.34 | Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LXC/NVMe ............ 5618.22 |========================= DRBD/NVMe ............................... 6206.57 |============================ Compile Bench 0.6 Test: Compile MB/s > Higher Is Better Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LVM/SSD Samsung 850 . 862.26 |========== Ceph/SSD, 1Gb/s ......................... 436.69 |===== Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LXC/NVMe ............ 1732.33 |==================== DRBD/NVMe ............................... 2471.56 |============================ Compile Bench 0.6 Test: Initial Create MB/s > Higher Is Better Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LVM/SSD Samsung 850 . 350.97 |==================== Ceph/SSD, 1Gb/s ......................... 187.37 |========== Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LXC/NVMe ............ 206.23 |=========== DRBD/NVMe ............................... 520.65 |============================= Compile Bench 0.6 Test: Read Compiled Tree MB/s > Higher Is Better Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LVM/SSD Samsung 850 . 2042.16 |===================== Ceph/SSD, 1Gb/s ......................... 1060.11 |=========== Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LXC/NVMe ............ 2304.86 |======================== DRBD/NVMe ............................... 2685.94 |============================ Unpacking The Linux Kernel linux-4.15.tar.xz Seconds < Lower Is Better Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LVM/SSD Samsung 850 . 8.26 |======================= Ceph/SSD, 1Gb/s ......................... 9.19 |========================= Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LXC/NVMe ............ 10.85 |============================== DRBD/NVMe ............................... 5.64 |================ PostMark 1.51 Disk Transaction Performance TPS > Higher Is Better Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LVM/SSD Samsung 850 . 4807 |==================== Ceph/SSD, 1Gb/s ......................... 4261 |================== Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LXC/NVMe ............ 5708 |======================== DRBD/NVMe ............................... 7282 |=============================== Gzip Compression Linux Source Tree Archiving To .tar.gz Seconds < Lower Is Better Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LVM/SSD Samsung 850 . 50.16 |============================= Ceph/SSD, 1Gb/s ......................... 52.77 |============================== Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LXC/NVMe ............ 36.06 |===================== DRBD/NVMe ............................... 34.08 |=================== Apache Benchmark 2.4.29 Static Web Page Serving Requests Per Second > Higher Is Better Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LVM/SSD Samsung 850 . 11945.86 |=========== Ceph/SSD, 1Gb/s ......................... 14605.66 |============= Ubuntu Bionic, ext4/LXC/NVMe ............ 30230.49 |=========================== DRBD/NVMe ............................... 30202.25 |===========================