Windows Server 2016 VA vs. Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Mitigations vs. Clear Linux Spectre and Meltdown mitigation tests on Windows and Linux. Tests for a future article on Phoronix. Windows Server - No Mitigations: Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 3.70GHz (4 Cores / 8 Threads), Motherboard: MSI Z170A SLI PLUS (MS-7998), Memory: 2 x 8192 MB 2133MHz Micron 9ASF1G72AZ-2G3A1, Disk: 238GB TOSHIBA-RD400, Graphics: Microsoft Basic Display, Network: ASIX AX88772B USB2.0 to Fast + Microsoft ISATAP OS: Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Essentials Build 14393, Kernel: 10.0 (x86_64), Display Driver: 10.0.14393.0, File-System: NTFS, Screen Resolution: 1024x768 Windows Server - VA Shadow: Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 3.70GHz (4 Cores / 8 Threads), Motherboard: MSI Z170A SLI PLUS (MS-7998), Memory: 2 x 8192 MB 2133MHz Micron 9ASF1G72AZ-2G3A1, Disk: 238GB TOSHIBA-RD400, Graphics: Microsoft Basic Display, Network: ASIX AX88772B USB2.0 to Fast + Microsoft ISATAP OS: Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Essentials Build 14393, Kernel: 10.0 (x86_64), Display Driver: 10.0.14393.0, File-System: NTFS, Screen Resolution: 1024x768 Ubuntu - Mitigated: Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (4 Cores / 8 Threads), Motherboard: MSI Z170A SLI PLUS (MS-7998) v1.0 (2.90 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 256GB TOSHIBA-RD400, Graphics: Sapphire AMD Radeon 4096MB, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Monitor: Acer B286HK, Network: Intel Connection OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.15.0-13-generic (x86_64), Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.28.0, Display Driver: modesetting 1.19.6, OpenGL: 4.5 Mesa 18.0.0-rc5 (LLVM 6.0.0), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 3840x2160 Ubuntu - nopti: Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (4 Cores / 8 Threads), Motherboard: MSI Z170A SLI PLUS (MS-7998) v1.0 (2.90 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 256GB TOSHIBA-RD400, Graphics: Sapphire AMD Radeon 4096MB, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Monitor: Acer B286HK, Network: Intel Connection OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.15.0-13-generic (x86_64), Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.28.0, Display Driver: modesetting 1.19.6, OpenGL: 4.5 Mesa 18.0.0-rc5 (LLVM 6.0.0), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 3840x2160 Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off: Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (4 Cores / 8 Threads), Motherboard: MSI Z170A SLI PLUS (MS-7998) v1.0 (2.90 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 256GB TOSHIBA-RD400, Graphics: Sapphire AMD Radeon 4096MB, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Monitor: Acer B286HK, Network: Intel Connection OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.15.0-13-generic (x86_64), Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.28.0, Display Driver: modesetting 1.19.6, OpenGL: 4.5 Mesa 18.0.0-rc5 (LLVM 6.0.0), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 3840x2160 Ubuntu + 4.16: Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (4 Cores / 8 Threads), Motherboard: MSI Z170A SLI PLUS (MS-7998) v1.0 (2.90 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 256GB TOSHIBA-RD400, Graphics: Sapphire AMD Radeon 4096MB, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Monitor: Acer B286HK, Network: Intel Connection OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.16.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20180328, Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.28.0, Display Driver: modesetting 1.19.6, OpenGL: 4.5 Mesa 18.0.0-rc5 (LLVM 6.0.0), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 3840x2160 Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti: Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (4 Cores / 8 Threads), Motherboard: MSI Z170A SLI PLUS (MS-7998) v1.0 (2.90 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 256GB TOSHIBA-RD400, Graphics: llvmpipe 16000MB, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Network: Intel Connection OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.16.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20180328, Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.28.0, Display Driver: modesetting 1.19.6, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 18.0.0-rc5 (LLVM 6.0 256 bits), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1024x768 Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off: Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (4 Cores / 8 Threads), Motherboard: MSI Z170A SLI PLUS (MS-7998) v1.0 (2.90 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 256GB TOSHIBA-RD400, Graphics: Sapphire AMD Radeon 4096MB, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Monitor: Acer B286HK, Network: Intel Connection OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.16.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20180328, Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.28.0, Display Driver: modesetting 1.19.6, OpenGL: 4.5 Mesa 18.0.0-rc5 (LLVM 6.0.0), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 3840x2160 Clear Linux: Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (4 Cores / 8 Threads), Motherboard: MSI Z170A SLI PLUS (MS-7998) v1.0 (2.90 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500, Memory: 2 x 8192 MB DDR4-2133MT/s, Disk: 16GB Voyager 3.0 + 256GB TOSHIBA-RD400, Graphics: Sapphire AMD Radeon RX 470/480/570/580 4096MB, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Monitor: Acer B286HK, Network: Intel Connection OS: Clear Linux OS 21570, Kernel: 4.15.14-538.native (x86_64), Display Driver: modesetting 1.19.6, Vulkan: 1.0.39, Compiler: GCC 7.3.0 + Clang 6.0.0 + LLVM 6.0.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 3840x2160 Clear Linux - nopti: Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (4 Cores / 8 Threads), Motherboard: MSI Z170A SLI PLUS (MS-7998) v1.0 (2.90 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500, Memory: 2 x 8192 MB DDR4-2133MT/s, Disk: 16GB Voyager 3.0 + 256GB TOSHIBA-RD400, Graphics: Sapphire AMD Radeon RX 470/480/570/580 4096MB, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Monitor: Acer B286HK, Network: Intel Connection OS: Clear Linux OS 21570, Kernel: 4.15.14-538.native (x86_64), Display Driver: modesetting 1.19.6, Vulkan: 1.0.39, Compiler: GCC 7.3.0 + Clang 6.0.0 + LLVM 6.0.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 3840x2160 Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off: Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (4 Cores / 8 Threads), Motherboard: MSI Z170A SLI PLUS (MS-7998) v1.0 (2.90 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500, Memory: 2 x 8192 MB DDR4-2133MT/s, Disk: 16GB Voyager 3.0 + 256GB TOSHIBA-RD400, Graphics: Sapphire AMD Radeon RX 470/480/570/580 4096MB, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Monitor: Acer B286HK, Network: Intel Connection OS: Clear Linux OS 21570, Kernel: 4.15.14-538.native (x86_64), Display Driver: modesetting 1.19.6, Vulkan: 1.0.39, Compiler: GCC 7.3.0 + Clang 6.0.0 + LLVM 6.0.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 3840x2160 SQLite 3.22 Timed SQLite Insertions Seconds < Lower Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 108.31 |============================ Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 114.04 |============================== Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 71.83 |=================== Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 66.57 |================== Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 76.25 |==================== Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 74.53 |==================== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 64.23 |================= Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 63.85 |================= Clear Linux ............................ 62.19 |================ Clear Linux - nopti .................... 65.65 |================= Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off ... 61.53 |================ IOzone 3.465 Record Size: 4Kb - File Size: 8GB - Disk Test: Write Performance MB/s > Higher Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 559.59 |=============== Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 549.44 |=============== Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 1018.52 |=========================== Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 796.15 |===================== Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 889.23 |======================== Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 866.19 |======================= Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 823.60 |====================== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 905.01 |======================== Clear Linux ............................ 1074.59 |============================= Clear Linux - nopti .................... 1033.70 |============================ Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off ... 1035.27 |============================ Java SciMark 2.0 Computational Test: Composite Mflops > Higher Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 2469.16 |============================= Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 2247.28 |========================== Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 2433.57 |============================ Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 2470.79 |============================= Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 2428.62 |============================ Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 2462.89 |============================= Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 2477.61 |============================= Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 2473.76 |============================= Clear Linux ............................ 2482.56 |============================= Clear Linux - nopti .................... 2480.51 |============================= Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off ... 2455.08 |============================= Java SciMark 2.0 Computational Test: Monte Carlo Mflops > Higher Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 981.59 |============================== Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 895.75 |=========================== Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 973.04 |============================== Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 983.51 |============================== Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 969.73 |============================== Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 980.15 |============================== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 983.51 |============================== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 983.17 |============================== Clear Linux ............................ 982.83 |============================== Clear Linux - nopti .................... 982.83 |============================== Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off ... 982.94 |============================== Java SciMark 2.0 Computational Test: Fast Fourier Transform Mflops > Higher Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 1589.15 |============================= Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 1475.70 |=========================== Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 1512.16 |============================ Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 1536.05 |============================ Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 1542.49 |============================ Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 1510.99 |============================ Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 1531.46 |============================ Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 1512.96 |============================ Clear Linux ............................ 1526.13 |============================ Clear Linux - nopti .................... 1565.00 |============================= Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off ... 1528.15 |============================ Java SciMark 2.0 Computational Test: Sparse Matrix Multiply Mflops > Higher Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 2286.30 |============================= Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 2098.07 |=========================== Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 2269.93 |============================= Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 2293.98 |============================= Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 2136.40 |=========================== Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 2290.97 |============================= Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 2292.72 |============================= Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 2292.47 |============================= Clear Linux ............................ 2291.72 |============================= Clear Linux - nopti .................... 2267.33 |============================= Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off ... 2291.22 |============================= Java SciMark 2.0 Computational Test: Dense LU Matrix Factorization Mflops > Higher Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 5942.70 |============================ Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 5351.16 |========================= Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 5974.44 |============================ Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 6086.79 |============================= Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 6050.75 |============================ Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 6094.48 |============================= Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 6130.97 |============================= Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 6125.33 |============================= Clear Linux ............................ 6160.12 |============================= Clear Linux - nopti .................... 6134.61 |============================= Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off ... 6020.55 |============================ Java SciMark 2.0 Computational Test: Jacobi Successive Over-Relaxation Mflops > Higher Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 1546.06 |============================= Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 1415.71 |=========================== Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 1438.30 |=========================== Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 1453.62 |=========================== Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 1443.71 |=========================== Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 1437.85 |=========================== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 1449.41 |=========================== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 1454.86 |=========================== Clear Linux ............................ 1451.98 |=========================== Clear Linux - nopti .................... 1452.80 |=========================== Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off ... 1452.52 |=========================== CacheBench Test: Read MB/s > Higher Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 7577.06 |============================= Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 7095.36 |=========================== Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 3331.04 |============= Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 3347.09 |============= Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 3361.62 |============= Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 3349.48 |============= Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 3349.24 |============= Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 3370.85 |============= Clear Linux ............................ 3802.66 |=============== Clear Linux - nopti .................... 3803.18 |=============== Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off ... 3801.89 |=============== CacheBench Test: Write MB/s > Higher Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 28034.53 |============================ Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 26327.81 |========================== Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 27691.79 |============================ Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 27992.60 |============================ Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 27073.39 |=========================== Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 28015.94 |============================ Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 27374.16 |=========================== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 27660.01 |============================ Clear Linux ............................ 27488.93 |=========================== Clear Linux - nopti .................... 27907.56 |============================ Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off ... 27912.66 |============================ CacheBench Test: Read / Modify / Write MB/s > Higher Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 45636.52 |============================ Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 42855.85 |========================== Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 28912.57 |================== Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 29269.20 |================== Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 28987.52 |================== Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 29447.19 |================== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 28703.97 |================== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 29291.52 |================== Clear Linux ............................ 45105.49 |============================ Clear Linux - nopti .................... 45014.84 |============================ Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off ... 45805.60 |============================ ebizzy 0.3 Records/s > Higher Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 5359 |= Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 4768 |= Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 271051 |============================= Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 260938 |============================ Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 256322 |============================ Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 261753 |============================ Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 257575 |============================ Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 276381 |============================== Clear Linux ............................ 257393 |============================ Clear Linux - nopti .................... 263948 |============================= Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off ... 253127 |=========================== Timed LLVM Compilation 4.0.1 Time To Compile Seconds < Lower Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 929.71 |============================== Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 934.84 |============================== Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 741.02 |======================== Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 735.34 |======================== Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 734.00 |======================== Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 739.77 |======================== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 736.10 |======================== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 735.33 |======================== GIMP 2.9.8 Test: resize Seconds < Lower Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations . 12.49 |====================================== Windows Server - VA Shadow ...... 12.39 |====================================== GIMP 2.9.8 Test: auto-levels Seconds < Lower Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations . 14.57 |===================================== Windows Server - VA Shadow ...... 14.82 |====================================== GIMP 2.9.8 Test: unsharp-mask Seconds < Lower Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations . 20.65 |===================================== Windows Server - VA Shadow ...... 21.30 |====================================== Redis 3.2.1 Test: LPUSH Requests Per Second > Higher Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations . 905651.27 |================================== Windows Server - VA Shadow ...... 880130.04 |================================= WinSAT Test: Disk MB/s > Higher Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations . 114.27 |===================================== Windows Server - VA Shadow ...... 111.83 |==================================== PyBench 2018-02-16 Total For Average Test Times Milliseconds < Lower Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 1395 |============================== Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 1480 |================================ Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 1289 |============================ Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 1290 |============================ Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 1286 |============================ Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 1287 |============================ Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 1287 |============================ Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 1284 |============================ Clear Linux ............................ 1056 |======================= Clear Linux - nopti .................... 1055 |======================= Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off ... 1058 |======================= PHPBench 0.8.1 PHP Benchmark Suite Score > Higher Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 335634 |============ Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 317611 |============ Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 645778 |======================== Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 647880 |======================== Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 645293 |======================== Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 640013 |======================== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 652306 |======================== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 645987 |======================== Clear Linux ............................ 809430 |============================== Clear Linux - nopti .................... 806873 |============================== Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off ... 803783 |============================== OSBench Test: Create Files us Per Event < Lower Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 248.63 |============================ Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 266.72 |============================== Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 13.55 |== Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 12.80 |= Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 11.25 |= Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 13.30 |= Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 12.40 |= Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 11.03 |= OSBench Test: Launch Programs us Per Event < Lower Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 494.21 |============================ Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 523.81 |============================== Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 40.29 |== Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 37.05 |== Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 36.61 |== Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 39.83 |== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 37.24 |== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 36.76 |== OSBench Test: Memory Allocations Ns Per Event < Lower Is Better Windows Server - No Mitigations ........ 75.67 |============================ Windows Server - VA Shadow ............. 83.45 |=============================== Ubuntu - Mitigated ..................... 76.30 |============================ Ubuntu - nopti ......................... 72.58 |=========================== Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 72.55 |=========================== Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 75.09 |============================ Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 72.46 |=========================== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 72.38 |=========================== GIMP 2.8.22 Test: resize Seconds < Lower Is Better Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 2.74 |============================= Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 3.06 |================================ Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 2.85 |============================== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 2.75 |============================= Clear Linux ............................ 2.96 |=============================== Clear Linux - nopti .................... 2.76 |============================= Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off ... 2.69 |============================ GIMP 2.8.22 Test: auto-levels Seconds < Lower Is Better Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 5.33 |============================= Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 5.78 |=============================== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 5.40 |============================= Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 5.37 |============================= Clear Linux ............................ 5.89 |================================ Clear Linux - nopti .................... 5.66 |=============================== Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off ... 5.54 |============================== GIMP 2.8.22 Test: unsharp-mask Seconds < Lower Is Better Ubuntu - nopti + spectre_v2=off ........ 9.93 |============================ Ubuntu + 4.16 .......................... 10.83 |============================== Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti .................. 10.03 |============================ Ubuntu + 4.16 - nopti + spectre_v2=off . 9.93 |============================ Clear Linux ............................ 11.14 |=============================== Clear Linux - nopti .................... 10.71 |============================== Clear Linux - nopti + spectre_v2=off ... 10.46 |=============================