m4.4xlarge Amazon EC2 Cloud Benchmarks - December 2017
Xen HVM domU 4.2.amazon testing on Amazon Linux 2 via the Phoronix Test Suite.


Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E5-2686 v4 @ 2.30GHz (8 Cores / 16 Threads), Motherboard: Xen HVM domU, Chipset: Intel 440FX- 82441FX PMC, Memory: 64512MB, Disk: 8GB, Graphics: Cirrus Logic GD 5446, Network: Intel 82599 Virtual Function

	OS: Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09, Kernel: 4.9.62-21.56.amzn1.x86_64 (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 4.8.5 20150623, File-System: ext4, System Layer: Xen HVM domU 4.2.amazon

Amazon Linux 2: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E5-2686 v4 @ 2.30GHz (8 Cores / 16 Threads), Motherboard: Xen HVM domU, Chipset: Intel 440FX- 82441FX PMC, Memory: 64512MB, Disk: 8GB, Graphics: Cirrus Logic GD 5446, Network: Intel 82599 Virtual Function

	OS: Amazon Linux 2.0, Kernel: 4.9.62-10.57.amzn2.x86_64 (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 7.2.1 20170915, File-System: xfs, System Layer: Xen HVM domU 4.2.amazon

RHEL Server 7.4: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E5-2686 v4 @ 2.30GHz (8 Cores / 16 Threads), Motherboard: Xen HVM domU, Memory: 64512MB, Disk: 10GB, Graphics: cirrusdrmfb

	OS: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.4, Kernel: 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 4.8.5 20150623, File-System: xfs, Screen Resolution: 1024x768, System Layer: Xen HVM domU 4.2.amazon

Ubuntu 16.04 LTS: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E5-2686 v4 @ 2.30GHz (8 Cores / 16 Threads), Motherboard: Xen HVM domU, Chipset: Intel 440FX- 82441FX PMC, Memory: 64512MB, Disk: 8GB, Graphics: Cirrus Logic GD 5446, Network: Intel 82599 Virtual Function

	OS: Ubuntu 16.04, Kernel: 4.4.0-1041-aws (x86_64), File-System: ext4, System Layer: Xen HVM domU 4.2.amazon

SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E5-2686 v4 @ 2.30GHz (8 Cores / 16 Threads), Motherboard: Xen HVM domU, Chipset: Intel 440FX- 82441FX PMC, Memory: 64512MB, Disk: 10GB, Graphics: Cirrus Logic GD 5446, Network: Intel 82599 Virtual Function

	OS: SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP3 12.3, Kernel: 4.4.92-6.30-default (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 4.8.5, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1024x768, System Layer: Xen HVM domU 4.2.amazon

Clear Linux 19700: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E5-2686 v4 @ 2.30GHz (8 Cores / 16 Threads), Motherboard: Xen HVM domU, Chipset: Intel 440FX- 82441FX PMC, Memory: 64512MB, Disk: 10GB, Graphics: Cirrus Logic GD 5446

	OS: Clear Linux OS 19700, Kernel: 4.13.12-56.aws (x86_64), Vulkan: 1.0.39, Compiler: GCC 7.2.1 20170910 + Clang 5.0.0 + LLVM 5.0.0, File-System: ext4, System Layer: Xen HVM domU 4.2.amazon

Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E5-2686 v4 @ 2.30GHz (8 Cores / 16 Threads), Motherboard: Xen HVM domU (4.2.amazon BIOS), Chipset: Intel 440FX- 82441FX PMC, Memory: 64512MB, Disk: 8GB, Graphics: Cirrus Logic GD 5446, Network: Intel 82599 Virtual Function

	OS: Amazon Linux 2, Kernel: 4.9.77-41.59.amzn2.x86_64 (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 7.2.1 20170915, File-System: xfs, System Layer: Xen HVM domU 4.2.amazon


Stress-NG 0.07.26
Test: Memory Copying
Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 6611.03 |=============================================


Stress-NG 0.07.26
Test: Forking
Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 47472.94 |============================================


Stress-NG 0.07.26
Test: System V Message Passing
Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 7121513.63 |==========================================


Stress-NG 0.07.26
Test: Semaphores
Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 2975130.21 |==========================================


Stress-NG 0.07.26
Test: Socket Activity
Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 9291.03 |=============================================


Stress-NG 0.07.26
Test: Context Switching
Bogo Ops/s > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 1157544.89 |==========================================


GraphicsMagick 1.3.19
Operation: Sharpen
Iterations Per Minute > Higher Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 100 |====================================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 116 |==========================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 119 |===========================================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 102 |=====================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 117 |==========================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 118 |===========================================


GraphicsMagick 1.3.19
Operation: Resizing
Iterations Per Minute > Higher Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 145 |=========================================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 147 |=========================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 153 |===========================================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 152 |===========================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 147 |=========================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 147 |=========================================


GraphicsMagick 1.3.19
Operation: HWB Color Space
Iterations Per Minute > Higher Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 160 |=========================================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 160 |=========================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 164 |==========================================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 167 |===========================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 160 |=========================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 161 |=========================================


GraphicsMagick 1.3.19
Operation: Local Adaptive Thresholding
Iterations Per Minute > Higher Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 67 |===========================================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 66 |==========================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 69 |============================================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 69 |============================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 69 |============================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 66 |==========================================


Himeno Benchmark 3.0
Poisson Pressure Solver
MFLOPS > Higher Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 1543.61 |====================================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 1634.03 |======================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 1533.76 |====================================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 1519.19 |===================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 1588.99 |=====================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 1671.16 |=======================================


Botan 2.4.0
Test: AES-256  - Encrypt
MiB/s > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 1251.49 |=============================================


Botan 2.4.0
Test: AES-256  - Decrypt
MiB/s > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 1250.09 |=============================================


Botan 2.4.0
Test: Blowfish  - Encrypt
MiB/s > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 163.83 |==============================================


Botan 2.4.0
Test: Blowfish  - Decrypt
MiB/s > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 163.18 |==============================================


Botan 2.4.0
Test: CAST-256  - Encrypt
MiB/s > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 85.91 |===============================================


Botan 2.4.0
Test: CAST-256  - Decrypt
MiB/s > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 85.91 |===============================================


Botan 2.4.0
Test: KASUMI  - Encrypt
MiB/s > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 58.02 |===============================================


Botan 2.4.0
Test: KASUMI  - Decrypt
MiB/s > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 56.29 |===============================================


Botan 2.4.0
Test: Twofish  - Encrypt
MiB/s > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 212.55 |==============================================


Botan 2.4.0
Test: Twofish  - Decrypt
MiB/s > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 210.60 |==============================================


Crafty 25.2
Elapsed Time
Nodes Per Second > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 5397216 |=============================================


Redis 3.0.1
Test: GET
Requests Per Second > Higher Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 1283435.91 |============================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 1162050.17 |==========================
RHEL Server 7.4 .............. 1116937.08 |=========================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 1274924.83 |============================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 1375590.25 |==============================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 1627781.67 |====================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 720298.19  |================


Redis 3.0.1
Test: SET
Requests Per Second > Higher Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 974676.12  |=============================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 898315.23  |===========================
RHEL Server 7.4 .............. 860253.31  |==========================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 976316.06  |=============================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 1051987.37 |===============================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 1202463.25 |====================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 608436.77  |==================


NGINX Benchmark 1.9.9
Static Web Page Serving
Requests Per Second > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 23256.82 |============================================


PHPBench 0.8.1
PHP Benchmark Suite
Score > Higher Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 122404 |============
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 146108 |==============
RHEL Server 7.4 .............. 140237 |=============
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 320707 |==============================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 109406 |==========
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 423815 |========================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 144601 |==============


OpenSSL 1.0.1g
RSA 4096-bit Performance
Signs Per Second > Higher Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 988.23 |========================================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 913.67 |=====================================
RHEL Server 7.4 .............. 974.63 |=======================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 985.67 |========================================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 987.93 |========================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 981.97 |========================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 983.67 |========================================


OpenSSL 1.1.0f
RSA 4096-bit Performance
Signs Per Second > Higher Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 1020.80 |=============================================


BLAKE2 20170307

Cycles Per Byte < Lower Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 5.37 |================================================


PyBench 2008-08-14
Total For Average Test Times
Milliseconds < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 2380 |=========================================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 2393 |=========================================
RHEL Server 7.4 .............. 2439 |==========================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 2109 |====================================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 2183 |======================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 1847 |================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 2394 |=========================================


Stockfish 2014-11-26
Total Time
ms < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 4860 |==========================================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 4601 |========================================
RHEL Server 7.4 .............. 4478 |=======================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 4835 |==========================================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 4683 |========================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 4702 |=========================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 4551 |=======================================


Systemd Total Boot Time
Test: Total
ms < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 9749.00  |====
RHEL Server 7.4 .............. 37473.00 |=================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 11013.00 |=====
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 84221.00 |======================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 612.30   |
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 7799.00  |====


Systemd Total Boot Time
Test: Userspace
ms < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 6936.00  |=====
RHEL Server 7.4 .............. 33785.00 |=======================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 7279.00  |=====
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 56939.00 |======================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 326.10   |
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 5246.00  |====


Systemd Total Boot Time
Test: Kernel
ms < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 1517.00  |==
RHEL Server 7.4 .............. 2129.00  |===
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 3733.00  |=====
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 27281.00 |======================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 286.10   |
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 1752.00  |==


Go Benchmarks
Test: http
Nanoseconds/Operation < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 . 7654 |=======================================
Amazon Linux 2 ........... 9029 |==============================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ......... 6511 |=================================
Clear Linux 19700 ........ 7895 |========================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ... 8944 |==============================================


Go Benchmarks
Test: json
Nanoseconds/Operation < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 . 10611679 |=====================================
Amazon Linux 2 ........... 11774995 |=========================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ......... 11934349 |==========================================
Clear Linux 19700 ........ 10059809 |===================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ... 10584904 |=====================================


Go Benchmarks
Test: build
Nanoseconds/Operation < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 . 18954333684 |=================================
Amazon Linux 2 ........... 18211772783 |===============================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ......... 22662656196 |=======================================
Clear Linux 19700 ........ 18916363867 |=================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ... 18497453157 |================================


Go Benchmarks
Test: garbage
Nanoseconds/Operation < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 . 2270774 |========================================
Amazon Linux 2 ........... 2458881 |===========================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ......... 2393988 |==========================================
Clear Linux 19700 ........ 2248314 |=======================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ... 2254882 |=======================================


Rodinia 2.4
Test: OpenMP LavaMD
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 173.22 |========================================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 142.20 |=================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 128.28 |==============================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 132.77 |===============================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 62.97  |===============
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 129.53 |==============================


Rodinia 2.4
Test: OpenMP CFD Solver
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 44.96 |========================================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 31.46 |============================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 42.24 |======================================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 46.14 |=========================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 33.35 |==============================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 29.46 |==========================


Timed Linux Kernel Compilation 4.13
Time To Compile
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 84.90  |================================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 107.48 |========================================
RHEL Server 7.4 .............. 89.49  |=================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 89.15  |=================================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 84.82  |================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 92.39  |==================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 98.47  |=====================================


Gzip Compression
2GB File Compression
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 15.42 |=========================================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 14.41 |======================================
RHEL Server 7.4 .............. 15.53 |=========================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 14.44 |======================================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 12.36 |=================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 5.50  |===============
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 14.49 |======================================


FLAC Audio Encoding 1.3.1
WAV To FLAC
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 10.12 |=========================================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 8.77  |====================================
RHEL Server 7.4 .............. 10.08 |=========================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 8.65  |===================================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 10.03 |=========================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 8.41  |==================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 8.79  |====================================


LAME MP3 Encoding 3.99.5
WAV To MP3
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 17.76 |=========================================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 13.86 |================================
RHEL Server 7.4 .............. 17.08 |=======================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 15.52 |====================================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 17.14 |========================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 13.48 |===============================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 13.86 |================================


FFmpeg 3.3.3
H.264 HD To NTSC DV
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 8.97 |=========================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 9.03 |==========================================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 9.10 |==========================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 8.91 |=========================================


Perl Benchmarks
Test: Pod2html
seconds < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 0.20673762 |====================================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 0.19707410 |==================================
RHEL Server 7.4 .............. 0.20894897 |====================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 0.19713420 |==================================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 0.19370366 |=================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 0.19714943 |==================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 0.19728241 |==================================


Perl Benchmarks
Test: Interpreter
seconds < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 0.00126072 |=============================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 0.00136237 |===============================
RHEL Server 7.4 .............. 0.00156785 |====================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 0.00095212 |======================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 0.00096575 |======================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 0.00122207 |============================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 0.00151685 |===================================


Dolfyn 0.527
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 31.30 |=========================================
RHEL Server 7.4 .............. 30.79 |========================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 30.25 |========================================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 30.50 |========================================


C-Ray 1.1
Total Time
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 ..... 15.60 |===================================
Amazon Linux 2 ............... 18.26 |=========================================
RHEL Server 7.4 .............. 15.83 |====================================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ............. 15.57 |===================================
SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 SP3 . 15.61 |===================================
Clear Linux 19700 ............ 14.69 |=================================
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 ....... 16.94 |======================================


R Benchmark

Seconds < Lower Is Better
Amazon Linux AMI 2017.09 . 0.4944 |===================
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ......... 1.1358 |============================================
Clear Linux 19700 ........ 0.2580 |==========


SQLite 3.8.10.2
Test Target: Default Test Directory
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 20.66 |===============================================


Hackbench
Count: 16 - Type: Process
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 73.34 |===============================================


Hackbench
Count: 16 - Type: Thread
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 84.28 |===============================================


Hackbench
Count: 32 - Type: Process
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 129.30 |==============================================


Timed MAFFT Alignment 6.864
Multiple Sequence Alignment
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 4.76 |================================================


POV-Ray 3.7.0.7
Trace Time
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 81.42 |===============================================


Schbench
Message Threads: 8 - Workers Per Message Thread: 8
usec, 99.9th Latency Percentile < Lower Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 55936 |===============================================


Schbench
Message Threads: 8 - Workers Per Message Thread: 16
usec, 99.9th Latency Percentile < Lower Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 117888 |==============================================


Schbench
Message Threads: 16 - Workers Per Message Thread: 8
usec, 99.9th Latency Percentile < Lower Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 112427 |==============================================


Schbench
Message Threads: 16 - Workers Per Message Thread: 16
usec, 99.9th Latency Percentile < Lower Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 179968 |==============================================


Schbench
Message Threads: 32 - Workers Per Message Thread: 8
usec, 99.9th Latency Percentile < Lower Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 187989 |==============================================


Schbench
Message Threads: 32 - Workers Per Message Thread: 16
usec, 99.9th Latency Percentile < Lower Is Better
Feb 18: Amazon Linux 2 . 294741 |==============================================