Linux 4.4 To Linux 4.7 - EXT4 vs. F2FS vs. Btrfs
Linux file-system benchmarks by Michael Larabel for a future article on Phoronix.


Linux 4.4: Btrfs: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (8 Cores), Motherboard: MSI C236A WORKSTATION (MS-7998) v1.0, Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 115GB, Graphics: LLVMpipe, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Network: Intel Connection

	OS: Ubuntu 16.10, Kernel: 4.4.0-040400-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.18.4, Display Driver: nouveau 1.0.12, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 12.0.1 Gallium 0.4, Compiler: GCC 5.4.0 20160609, File-System: btrfs, Screen Resolution: 1024x768

Linux 4.5: Btrfs: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (8 Cores), Motherboard: MSI C236A WORKSTATION (MS-7998) v1.0, Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: Samsung SSD 950 PRO 256GB, Graphics: LLVMpipe, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Network: Intel Connection

	OS: Ubuntu 16.10, Kernel: 4.5.0-040500-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.18.4, Display Driver: nouveau 1.0.12, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 12.0.1 Gallium 0.4, Compiler: GCC 5.4.0 20160609, File-System: btrfs, Screen Resolution: 1024x768

Linux 4.6: Btrfs: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (8 Cores), Motherboard: MSI C236A WORKSTATION (MS-7998) v1.0, Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: Samsung SSD 950 PRO 256GB, Graphics: LLVMpipe, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Network: Intel Connection

	OS: Ubuntu 16.10, Kernel: 4.6.0-040600-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.18.4, Display Driver: nouveau 1.0.12, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 12.0.1 Gallium 0.4, Compiler: GCC 5.4.0 20160609, File-System: btrfs, Screen Resolution: 1024x768

Linux 4.7: Btrfs: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (8 Cores), Motherboard: MSI C236A WORKSTATION (MS-7998) v1.0, Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: Samsung SSD 950 PRO 256GB, Graphics: LLVMpipe, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Network: Intel Connection

	OS: Ubuntu 16.10, Kernel: 4.7.0-040700-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.18.4, Display Driver: nouveau 1.0.12, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 12.0.1 Gallium 0.4, Compiler: GCC 5.4.0 20160609, File-System: btrfs, Screen Resolution: 1024x768

Linux 4.4: EXT4: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (8 Cores), Motherboard: MSI C236A WORKSTATION (MS-7998) v1.0, Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 115GB, Graphics: LLVMpipe, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Network: Intel Connection

	OS: Ubuntu 16.10, Kernel: 4.4.0-040400-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.18.4, Display Driver: nouveau 1.0.12, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 12.0.1 Gallium 0.4, Compiler: GCC 5.4.0 20160609, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1024x768

Linux 4.5: EXT4: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (8 Cores), Motherboard: MSI C236A WORKSTATION (MS-7998) v1.0, Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: Samsung SSD 950 PRO 256GB, Graphics: LLVMpipe, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Network: Intel Connection

	OS: Ubuntu 16.10, Kernel: 4.5.0-040500-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.18.4, Display Driver: nouveau 1.0.12, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 12.0.1 Gallium 0.4, Compiler: GCC 5.4.0 20160609, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1024x768

Linux 4.6: EXT4: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (8 Cores), Motherboard: MSI C236A WORKSTATION (MS-7998) v1.0, Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: Samsung SSD 950 PRO 256GB, Graphics: LLVMpipe, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Network: Intel Connection

	OS: Ubuntu 16.10, Kernel: 4.6.0-040600-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.18.4, Display Driver: nouveau 1.0.12, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 12.0.1 Gallium 0.4, Compiler: GCC 5.4.0 20160609, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1024x768

Linux 4.7: EXT4: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (8 Cores), Motherboard: MSI C236A WORKSTATION (MS-7998) v1.0, Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: Samsung SSD 950 PRO 256GB, Graphics: LLVMpipe, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Network: Intel Connection

	OS: Ubuntu 16.10, Kernel: 4.7.0-040700-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.18.4, Display Driver: nouveau 1.0.12, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 12.0.1 Gallium 0.4, Compiler: GCC 5.4.0 20160609, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1024x768

Linux 4.4: F2FS: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (8 Cores), Motherboard: MSI C236A WORKSTATION (MS-7998) v1.0, Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: 115GB, Graphics: LLVMpipe, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Network: Intel Connection

	OS: Ubuntu 16.10, Kernel: 4.4.0-040400-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.18.4, Display Driver: nouveau 1.0.12, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 12.0.1 Gallium 0.4, Compiler: GCC 5.4.0 20160609, File-System: f2fs, Screen Resolution: 1024x768

Linux 4.5: F2FS: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (8 Cores), Motherboard: MSI C236A WORKSTATION (MS-7998) v1.0, Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: Samsung SSD 950 PRO 256GB, Graphics: LLVMpipe, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Network: Intel Connection

	OS: Ubuntu 16.10, Kernel: 4.5.0-040500-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.18.4, Display Driver: nouveau 1.0.12, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 12.0.1 Gallium 0.4, Compiler: GCC 5.4.0 20160609, File-System: f2fs, Screen Resolution: 1024x768

Linux 4.6: F2FS: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (8 Cores), Motherboard: MSI C236A WORKSTATION (MS-7998) v1.0, Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: Samsung SSD 950 PRO 256GB, Graphics: LLVMpipe, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Network: Intel Connection

	OS: Ubuntu 16.10, Kernel: 4.6.0-040600-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.18.4, Display Driver: nouveau 1.0.12, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 12.0.1 Gallium 0.4, Compiler: GCC 5.4.0 20160609, File-System: f2fs, Screen Resolution: 1024x768

Linux 4.7: F2FS: 

	Processor: Intel Xeon E3-1280 v5 @ 4.00GHz (8 Cores), Motherboard: MSI C236A WORKSTATION (MS-7998) v1.0, Chipset: Intel Skylake, Memory: 16384MB, Disk: Samsung SSD 950 PRO 256GB, Graphics: LLVMpipe, Audio: Realtek ALC1150, Network: Intel Connection

	OS: Ubuntu 16.10, Kernel: 4.7.0-040700-generic (x86_64), Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.18.4, Display Driver: nouveau 1.0.12, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 12.0.1 Gallium 0.4, Compiler: GCC 5.4.0 20160609, File-System: f2fs, Screen Resolution: 1024x768


SQLite 3.8.10.2
Test Target: Default Test Directory
Seconds < Lower Is Better
Linux 4.4: Btrfs . 151.83 |====================================================
Linux 4.5: Btrfs . 150.74 |====================================================
Linux 4.6: Btrfs . 126.04 |===========================================
Linux 4.7: Btrfs . 132.58 |=============================================
Linux 4.4: EXT4 .. 66.51  |=======================
Linux 4.5: EXT4 .. 65.64  |======================
Linux 4.6: EXT4 .. 65.53  |======================
Linux 4.7: EXT4 .. 65.94  |=======================
Linux 4.4: F2FS .. 76.23  |==========================
Linux 4.5: F2FS .. 76.87  |==========================
Linux 4.6: F2FS .. 76.07  |==========================
Linux 4.7: F2FS .. 76.28  |==========================


Flexible IO Tester 2.1.13
Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Libaio - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory - Result: IOPS
IOPS > Higher Is Better
Linux 4.4: Btrfs . 270161 |===================================================
Linux 4.5: Btrfs . 220069 |==========================================
Linux 4.6: Btrfs . 242857 |==============================================
Linux 4.7: Btrfs . 192625 |====================================
Linux 4.4: EXT4 .. 259747 |=================================================
Linux 4.5: EXT4 .. 194160 |=====================================
Linux 4.6: EXT4 .. 194497 |=====================================
Linux 4.7: EXT4 .. 215520 |=========================================
Linux 4.4: F2FS .. 275628 |====================================================
Linux 4.5: F2FS .. 194062 |=====================================
Linux 4.6: F2FS .. 194536 |=====================================
Linux 4.7: F2FS .. 194274 |=====================================


Flexible IO Tester 2.1.13
Type: Random Write - IO Engine: Libaio - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory - Result: IOPS
IOPS > Higher Is Better
Linux 4.4: Btrfs . 74797 |=================================================
Linux 4.5: Btrfs . 69935 |=============================================
Linux 4.6: Btrfs . 73246 |===============================================
Linux 4.7: Btrfs . 73396 |================================================
Linux 4.4: EXT4 .. 81099 |=====================================================
Linux 4.5: EXT4 .. 81090 |=====================================================
Linux 4.6: EXT4 .. 81314 |=====================================================
Linux 4.7: EXT4 .. 80946 |====================================================
Linux 4.4: F2FS .. 81734 |=====================================================
Linux 4.5: F2FS .. 81520 |=====================================================
Linux 4.6: F2FS .. 81663 |=====================================================
Linux 4.7: F2FS .. 81407 |=====================================================


Flexible IO Tester 2.1.13
Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Libaio - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory - Result: IOPS
IOPS > Higher Is Better
Linux 4.4: Btrfs . 264344 |================================================
Linux 4.5: Btrfs . 253588 |==============================================
Linux 4.6: Btrfs . 263607 |================================================
Linux 4.7: Btrfs . 270347 |=================================================
Linux 4.4: EXT4 .. 284623 |====================================================
Linux 4.5: EXT4 .. 283980 |====================================================
Linux 4.6: EXT4 .. 283496 |====================================================
Linux 4.7: EXT4 .. 283973 |====================================================
Linux 4.4: F2FS .. 285405 |====================================================
Linux 4.5: F2FS .. 283592 |====================================================
Linux 4.6: F2FS .. 285348 |====================================================
Linux 4.7: F2FS .. 284781 |====================================================


Flexible IO Tester 2.1.13
Type: Sequential Write - IO Engine: Libaio - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory - Result: IOPS
IOPS > Higher Is Better
Linux 4.4: Btrfs . 64305  |==============
Linux 4.5: Btrfs . 63738  |==============
Linux 4.6: Btrfs . 63644  |==============
Linux 4.7: Btrfs . 63910  |==============
Linux 4.4: EXT4 .. 233110 |====================================================
Linux 4.5: EXT4 .. 231788 |====================================================
Linux 4.6: EXT4 .. 233079 |====================================================
Linux 4.7: EXT4 .. 231656 |====================================================
Linux 4.4: F2FS .. 233430 |====================================================
Linux 4.5: F2FS .. 233486 |====================================================
Linux 4.6: F2FS .. 233046 |====================================================
Linux 4.7: F2FS .. 233585 |====================================================


FS-Mark 3.3
Test: 1000 Files, 1MB Size
Files/s > Higher Is Better
Linux 4.4: Btrfs . 139.57 |===========================
Linux 4.5: Btrfs . 142.00 |============================
Linux 4.6: Btrfs . 140.40 |===========================
Linux 4.7: Btrfs . 142.33 |============================
Linux 4.4: EXT4 .. 144.70 |============================
Linux 4.5: EXT4 .. 144.40 |============================
Linux 4.6: EXT4 .. 142.13 |============================
Linux 4.7: EXT4 .. 142.23 |============================
Linux 4.4: F2FS .. 259.63 |==================================================
Linux 4.5: F2FS .. 262.73 |===================================================
Linux 4.6: F2FS .. 268.20 |====================================================
Linux 4.7: F2FS .. 267.23 |====================================================


FS-Mark 3.3
Test: 5000 Files, 1MB Size, 4 Threads
Files/s > Higher Is Better
Linux 4.4: Btrfs . 281.03 |==============================================
Linux 4.5: Btrfs . 280.27 |=============================================
Linux 4.6: Btrfs . 279.87 |=============================================
Linux 4.7: Btrfs . 280.67 |=============================================
Linux 4.4: EXT4 .. 310.70 |==================================================
Linux 4.5: EXT4 .. 303.33 |=================================================
Linux 4.6: EXT4 .. 303.97 |=================================================
Linux 4.7: EXT4 .. 320.80 |====================================================
Linux 4.4: F2FS .. 294.97 |================================================
Linux 4.5: F2FS .. 298.03 |================================================
Linux 4.6: F2FS .. 295.37 |================================================
Linux 4.7: F2FS .. 291.87 |===============================================


FS-Mark 3.3
Test: 4000 Files, 32 Sub Dirs, 1MB Size
Files/s > Higher Is Better
Linux 4.4: Btrfs . 141.63 |===========================
Linux 4.5: Btrfs . 141.87 |============================
Linux 4.6: Btrfs . 142.40 |============================
Linux 4.7: Btrfs . 141.93 |============================
Linux 4.4: EXT4 .. 142.27 |============================
Linux 4.5: EXT4 .. 141.83 |============================
Linux 4.6: EXT4 .. 142.60 |============================
Linux 4.7: EXT4 .. 143.53 |============================
Linux 4.4: F2FS .. 259.90 |==================================================
Linux 4.5: F2FS .. 260.67 |===================================================
Linux 4.6: F2FS .. 265.00 |===================================================
Linux 4.7: F2FS .. 267.97 |====================================================


BlogBench 1.0
Test: Read
Final Score > Higher Is Better
Linux 4.4: Btrfs . 1732380 |======================================
Linux 4.5: Btrfs . 1746852 |=======================================
Linux 4.6: Btrfs . 1808748 |========================================
Linux 4.7: Btrfs . 1721568 |======================================
Linux 4.4: EXT4 .. 555506  |============
Linux 4.5: EXT4 .. 573934  |=============
Linux 4.6: EXT4 .. 589041  |=============
Linux 4.7: EXT4 .. 550031  |============
Linux 4.4: F2FS .. 1207927 |===========================
Linux 4.5: F2FS .. 2202620 |=================================================
Linux 4.6: F2FS .. 2236338 |==================================================
Linux 4.7: F2FS .. 2295280 |===================================================


BlogBench 1.0
Test: Write
Final Score > Higher Is Better
Linux 4.4: Btrfs . 9449  |===========================
Linux 4.5: Btrfs . 9263  |==========================
Linux 4.6: Btrfs . 8664  |=========================
Linux 4.7: Btrfs . 9141  |==========================
Linux 4.4: EXT4 .. 18422 |=====================================================
Linux 4.5: EXT4 .. 18010 |===================================================
Linux 4.6: EXT4 .. 18575 |=====================================================
Linux 4.7: EXT4 .. 16461 |===============================================
Linux 4.4: F2FS .. 10570 |==============================
Linux 4.5: F2FS .. 3884  |===========
Linux 4.6: F2FS .. 3943  |===========
Linux 4.7: F2FS .. 4173  |============


Dbench 4.0
Client Count: 1
MB/s > Higher Is Better
Linux 4.4: Btrfs . 77.04  |=====================
Linux 4.5: Btrfs . 78.96  |======================
Linux 4.6: Btrfs . 82.79  |=======================
Linux 4.7: Btrfs . 83.05  |=======================
Linux 4.4: EXT4 .. 84.49  |=======================
Linux 4.5: EXT4 .. 85.10  |========================
Linux 4.6: EXT4 .. 84.72  |=======================
Linux 4.7: EXT4 .. 84.94  |=======================
Linux 4.4: F2FS .. 188.02 |====================================================
Linux 4.5: F2FS .. 187.43 |====================================================
Linux 4.6: F2FS .. 187.29 |====================================================
Linux 4.7: F2FS .. 187.18 |====================================================


PostgreSQL pgbench 9.4.3
Scaling: On-Disk - Test: Normal Load - Mode: Read Write
TPS > Higher Is Better
Linux 4.4: Btrfs . 2226.57 |===============================
Linux 4.5: Btrfs . 2217.07 |==============================
Linux 4.6: Btrfs . 2227.81 |===============================
Linux 4.7: Btrfs . 2227.41 |===============================
Linux 4.4: EXT4 .. 3571.05 |=================================================
Linux 4.5: EXT4 .. 3597.33 |=================================================
Linux 4.6: EXT4 .. 3593.80 |=================================================
Linux 4.7: EXT4 .. 3713.87 |===================================================
Linux 4.4: F2FS .. 3150.09 |===========================================
Linux 4.5: F2FS .. 3472.08 |================================================
Linux 4.6: F2FS .. 3106.46 |===========================================
Linux 4.7: F2FS .. 3187.59 |============================================


Redis 3.0.1
Test: GET
Requests Per Second > Higher Is Better
Linux 4.4: Btrfs . 2854247.29 |===========================================
Linux 4.5: Btrfs . 3151309.00 |================================================
Linux 4.6: Btrfs . 3132359.42 |================================================
Linux 4.7: Btrfs . 2782214.83 |==========================================
Linux 4.4: EXT4 .. 3102801.06 |===============================================
Linux 4.5: EXT4 .. 2834325.50 |===========================================
Linux 4.6: EXT4 .. 3041782.38 |==============================================
Linux 4.7: EXT4 .. 3148836.08 |================================================
Linux 4.4: F2FS .. 2945344.29 |=============================================
Linux 4.5: F2FS .. 3102704.58 |===============================================
Linux 4.6: F2FS .. 3128367.83 |================================================
Linux 4.7: F2FS .. 3027572.71 |==============================================