Linux 4.16 File-System Tests HDD and SSD file-system tests on Linux 4.16 for a future article on Phoronix. TR150 SSD: EXT4: Processor: 2 x Intel Xeon Gold 6138 @ 3.70GHz (40 Cores / 80 Threads), Motherboard: TYAN S7106 (V1.00 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Sky Lake-E DMI3 Registers, Memory: 12 x 8192 MB DDR4-2666MT/s Micron 9ASF1G72PZ-2G6B1, Disk: 256GB Samsung SSD 850 + 2000GB Seagate ST2000DM006-2DM1 + 2 x 120GB TOSHIBA-TR150, Graphics: llvmpipe 95360MB, Monitor: VE228, Network: Intel I210 Gigabit Connection OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.16.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20180323, Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.28.0, Display Server: X Server 1.19.6, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 18.0.0-rc5 (LLVM 6.0 256 bits), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 TR150 SSD: F2FS: Processor: 2 x Intel Xeon Gold 6138 @ 3.70GHz (40 Cores / 80 Threads), Motherboard: TYAN S7106 (V1.00 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Sky Lake-E DMI3 Registers, Memory: 12 x 8192 MB DDR4-2666MT/s Micron 9ASF1G72PZ-2G6B1, Disk: 256GB Samsung SSD 850 + 2000GB Seagate ST2000DM006-2DM1 + 2 x 120GB TOSHIBA-TR150, Graphics: llvmpipe 95360MB, Monitor: VE228, Network: Intel I210 Gigabit Connection OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.16.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20180323, Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.28.0, Display Server: X Server 1.19.6, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 18.0.0-rc5 (LLVM 6.0 256 bits), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: f2fs, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 TR150 SSD: Btrfs: Processor: 2 x Intel Xeon Gold 6138 @ 3.70GHz (40 Cores / 80 Threads), Motherboard: TYAN S7106 (V1.00 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Sky Lake-E DMI3 Registers, Memory: 12 x 8192 MB DDR4-2666MT/s Micron 9ASF1G72PZ-2G6B1, Disk: 256GB Samsung SSD 850 + 2000GB Seagate ST2000DM006-2DM1 + 2 x 120GB TOSHIBA-TR150, Graphics: llvmpipe 95360MB, Monitor: VE228, Network: Intel I210 Gigabit Connection OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.16.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20180323, Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.28.0, Display Server: X Server 1.19.6, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 18.0.0-rc5 (LLVM 6.0 256 bits), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: btrfs, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 TR150 SSD: XFS: Processor: 2 x Intel Xeon Gold 6138 @ 3.70GHz (40 Cores / 80 Threads), Motherboard: TYAN S7106 (V1.00 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Sky Lake-E DMI3 Registers, Memory: 12 x 8192 MB DDR4-2666MT/s Micron 9ASF1G72PZ-2G6B1, Disk: 256GB Samsung SSD 850 + 2000GB Seagate ST2000DM006-2DM1 + 2 x 120GB TOSHIBA-TR150, Graphics: llvmpipe 95360MB, Monitor: VE228, Network: Intel I210 Gigabit Connection OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.16.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20180323, Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.28.0, Display Server: X Server 1.19.6, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 18.0.0-rc5 (LLVM 6.0 256 bits), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: xfs, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 Seagate HDD: XFS: Processor: 2 x Intel Xeon Gold 6138 @ 3.70GHz (40 Cores / 80 Threads), Motherboard: TYAN S7106 (V1.00 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Sky Lake-E DMI3 Registers, Memory: 12 x 8192 MB DDR4-2666MT/s Micron 9ASF1G72PZ-2G6B1, Disk: 256GB Samsung SSD 850 + 2000GB Seagate ST2000DM006-2DM1 + 2 x 120GB TOSHIBA-TR150, Graphics: llvmpipe 95360MB, Monitor: VE228, Network: Intel I210 Gigabit Connection OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.16.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20180323, Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.28.0, Display Server: X Server 1.19.6, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 18.0.0-rc5 (LLVM 6.0 256 bits), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: xfs, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 Seagate HDD: Btrfs: Processor: 2 x Intel Xeon Gold 6138 @ 3.70GHz (40 Cores / 80 Threads), Motherboard: TYAN S7106 (V1.00 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Sky Lake-E DMI3 Registers, Memory: 12 x 8192 MB DDR4-2666MT/s Micron 9ASF1G72PZ-2G6B1, Disk: 256GB Samsung SSD 850 + 2000GB Seagate ST2000DM006-2DM1 + 2 x 120GB TOSHIBA-TR150, Graphics: llvmpipe 95360MB, Monitor: VE228, Network: Intel I210 Gigabit Connection OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.16.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20180323, Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.28.0, Display Server: X Server 1.19.6, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 18.0.0-rc5 (LLVM 6.0 256 bits), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: btrfs, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 Seagate HDD: EXT4: Processor: 2 x Intel Xeon Gold 6138 @ 3.70GHz (40 Cores / 80 Threads), Motherboard: TYAN S7106 (V1.00 BIOS), Chipset: Intel Sky Lake-E DMI3 Registers, Memory: 12 x 8192 MB DDR4-2666MT/s Micron 9ASF1G72PZ-2G6B1, Disk: 256GB Samsung SSD 850 + 2000GB Seagate ST2000DM006-2DM1 + 2 x 120GB TOSHIBA-TR150, Graphics: llvmpipe 95360MB, Monitor: VE228, Network: Intel I210 Gigabit Connection OS: Ubuntu 18.04, Kernel: 4.16.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20180323, Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.28.0, Display Server: X Server 1.19.6, OpenGL: 3.3 Mesa 18.0.0-rc5 (LLVM 6.0 256 bits), Compiler: GCC 7.3.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0: Processor: Common KVM @ 3.91GHz (2 Cores), Motherboard: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX 1996) (rel-1.10.2-0-g5f4c7b1-prebuilt.qemu-project.org BIOS), Memory: 2048MB, Disk: 34GB QEMU HDD + 30GB 2115, Graphics: bochsdrmfb OS: Debian 9.4, Kernel: 4.9.0-6-amd64 (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 6.3.0 20170516, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1024x768, System Layer: qemu Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2: Processor: Common KVM @ 3.91GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX 1996) (rel-1.10.2-0-g5f4c7b1-prebuilt.qemu-project.org BIOS), Memory: 2048MB, Disk: 34GB QEMU HDD, Graphics: bochsdrmfb OS: Debian 9.4, Kernel: 4.9.0-6-amd64 (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 6.3.0 20170516, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1024x768, System Layer: qemu Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10: Processor: Common KVM @ 3.91GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX 1996) (rel-1.10.2-0-g5f4c7b1-prebuilt.qemu-project.org BIOS), Memory: 2048MB, Disk: 34GB QEMU HDD, Graphics: bochsdrmfb OS: Debian 9.4, Kernel: 4.9.0-6-amd64 (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 6.3.0 20170516, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1024x768, System Layer: qemu Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU: Processor: Common KVM @ 3.91GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX 1996) (rel-1.10.2-0-g5f4c7b1-prebuilt.qemu-project.org BIOS), Memory: 2048MB, Disk: 34GB QEMU HDD, Graphics: bochsdrmfb OS: Debian 9.4, Kernel: 4.9.0-6-amd64 (x86_64), Compiler: GCC 6.3.0 20170516, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1024x768, System Layer: qemu AIO-Stress 0.21 Test: Random Write MB/s > Higher Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 2301.32 |=============================== TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 3017.61 |========================================= TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 2936.17 |======================================== TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 2971.42 |======================================== Seagate HDD: XFS ........... 2979.14 |======================================== Seagate HDD: Btrfs ......... 2953.92 |======================================== Seagate HDD: EXT4 .......... 2410.29 |================================= Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 1341.61 |================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 1376.59 |=================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 748.84 |========== SQLite 3.22 Timed SQLite Insertions Seconds < Lower Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 41.27 |== TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 34.89 |= TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 99.08 |==== TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 36.76 |= Seagate HDD: XFS ........... 417.70 |================= Seagate HDD: Btrfs ......... 1012.38 |========================================= Seagate HDD: EXT4 .......... 576.02 |======================= Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 246.03 |========== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 329.31 |============= Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 3.34 | Flexible IO Tester 3.1 Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 230.00 |===================================== TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 212.00 |=================================== TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 212.00 |=================================== TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 212.00 |=================================== Seagate HDD: XFS ........... 1.53 | Seagate HDD: Btrfs ......... 1.52 | Seagate HDD: EXT4 .......... 1.45 | Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 258.00 |========================================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 2.98 | Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 2.83 | Flexible IO Tester 3.1 Type: Random Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory IOPS > Higher Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ......... 58967 |========================================= TR150 SSD: F2FS ......... 54200 |====================================== TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........ 54367 |====================================== TR150 SSD: XFS .......... 54400 |====================================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 . 65633 |============================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.1 Type: Random Write - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 275.00 |========================================= TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 282.00 |========================================== TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 73.28 |=========== TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 273.00 |========================================= Seagate HDD: XFS ........... 1.17 | Seagate HDD: Btrfs ......... 23.02 |=== Seagate HDD: EXT4 .......... 1.03 | Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 197.00 |============================= Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 217.00 |================================ Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 207.00 |=============================== Flexible IO Tester 3.1 Type: Random Write - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory IOPS > Higher Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 70250 |========================================== TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 72167 |=========================================== TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 18750 |=========== TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 69967 |========================================== Seagate HDD: Btrfs ......... 27400 |================ Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 50500 |============================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 55567 |================================= Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 53000 |================================ Flexible IO Tester 3.1 Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 227.00 |============================= TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 228.00 |============================= TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 327.00 |========================================== TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 202.00 |========================== Seagate HDD: XFS ........... 148.00 |=================== Seagate HDD: Btrfs ......... 1.54 | Seagate HDD: EXT4 .......... 155.00 |==================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 255.00 |================================= Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 250.00 |================================ Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 270.00 |=================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.1 Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory IOPS > Higher Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 58300 |============================== TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 58467 |============================== TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 83633 |=========================================== TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 51667 |=========================== Seagate HDD: XFS ........... 37800 |=================== Seagate HDD: EXT4 .......... 39767 |==================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 65167 |================================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 63683 |================================= Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 68940 |=================================== Flexible IO Tester 3.1 Type: Sequential Write - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 413.00 |========================================== TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 416.00 |========================================== TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 83.68 |======== TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 395.00 |======================================== Seagate HDD: XFS ........... 145.00 |=============== Seagate HDD: Btrfs ......... 4.04 | Seagate HDD: EXT4 .......... 149.00 |=============== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 197.00 |==================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 219.00 |====================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 228.00 |======================= Flexible IO Tester 3.1 Type: Sequential Write - IO Engine: Linux AIO - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory IOPS > Higher Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 106000 |========================================== TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 106333 |========================================== TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 21500 |======== TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 101167 |======================================== Seagate HDD: XFS ........... 37050 |=============== Seagate HDD: EXT4 .......... 38233 |=============== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 50150 |==================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 56000 |====================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 58317 |======================= BlogBench 1.0 Test: Read Final Score > Higher Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 2097180 |==================================== TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 2054932 |=================================== TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 2269750 |======================================= TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 2084376 |=================================== Seagate HDD: XFS ........... 2197243 |===================================== Seagate HDD: Btrfs ......... 2293433 |======================================= Seagate HDD: EXT4 .......... 2415373 |========================================= Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 214407 |==== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 195626 |=== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 228394 |==== BlogBench 1.0 Test: Write Final Score > Higher Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 10325 |=========================================== TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 9156 |====================================== TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 3458 |============== TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 4039 |================= Seagate HDD: XFS ........... 2126 |========= Seagate HDD: Btrfs ......... 2370 |========== Seagate HDD: EXT4 .......... 6473 |=========================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 1930 |======== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 1864 |======== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 1966 |======== Dbench 4.0 Client Count: 6 MB/s > Higher Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 369.21 |========== TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 276.31 |======= TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 247.49 |======= TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 442.69 |============ Seagate HDD: XFS ........... 20.21 |= Seagate HDD: Btrfs ......... 45.74 |= Seagate HDD: EXT4 .......... 25.73 |= Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 72.29 |== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 56.88 |== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 1553.66 |========================================= IOzone 3.465 Record Size: 4Kb - File Size: 8GB - Disk Test: Write Performance MB/s > Higher Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 103.49 |=========================== TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 88.99 |======================= TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 93.20 |======================== TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 96.10 |========================= Seagate HDD: XFS ........... 153.08 |======================================== Seagate HDD: Btrfs ......... 161.01 |========================================== Seagate HDD: EXT4 .......... 155.45 |========================================= Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 101.53 |========================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 109.03 |============================ Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 152.17 |======================================== Compile Bench 0.6 Test: Compile MB/s > Higher Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 1686.54 |============================== TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 2271.93 |========================================= TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 1371.80 |========================= TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 2101.38 |====================================== Seagate HDD: XFS ........... 2092.61 |====================================== Seagate HDD: Btrfs ......... 2177.85 |======================================= Seagate HDD: EXT4 .......... 1678.76 |============================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 538.22 |========== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 495.46 |========= Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 300.82 |===== Compile Bench 0.6 Test: Initial Create MB/s > Higher Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 505.73 |======================================= TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 550.41 |========================================== TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 109.66 |======== TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 395.06 |============================== Seagate HDD: XFS ........... 402.86 |=============================== Seagate HDD: Btrfs ......... 262.66 |==================== Seagate HDD: EXT4 .......... 494.62 |====================================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 255.10 |=================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 241.59 |================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 212.93 |================ Compile Bench 0.6 Test: Read Compiled Tree MB/s > Higher Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 837.97 |======================================= TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 878.02 |========================================= TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 881.31 |========================================= TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 892.28 |========================================== Seagate HDD: XFS ........... 833.32 |======================================= Seagate HDD: Btrfs ......... 804.92 |====================================== Seagate HDD: EXT4 .......... 801.75 |====================================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 807.12 |====================================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 887.85 |========================================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 746.27 |=================================== Unpacking The Linux Kernel linux-4.15.tar.xz Seconds < Lower Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 6.40 |================= TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 6.67 |================== TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 9.44 |========================= TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 6.82 |================== Seagate HDD: XFS ........... 7.65 |===================== Seagate HDD: Btrfs ......... 7.25 |==================== Seagate HDD: EXT4 .......... 6.67 |================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 15.97 |=========================================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 14.52 |======================================= Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 10.65 |============================= Git Time To Complete Common Git Commands Seconds < Lower Is Better TR150 SSD: EXT4 ............ 6.31 |===================================== TR150 SSD: F2FS ............ 6.40 |===================================== TR150 SSD: Btrfs ........... 6.36 |===================================== TR150 SSD: XFS ............. 6.65 |======================================= Seagate HDD: XFS ........... 6.76 |======================================= Seagate HDD: Btrfs ......... 6.59 |====================================== Seagate HDD: EXT4 .......... 6.57 |====================================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 0 2 .... 6.67 |======================================= Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 ..... 7.15 |========================================== Virtio ZFS HDD Raid 10 WBU . 7.57 |============================================