Linux 4.15 I/O Scheduler vs. 4.13 Rough Comparison Tests by Michael Larabel for a future article on Phoronix. Linux 4.13: BFQ: Processor: Intel Core i7-5600U @ 3.20GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: LENOVO 20BSCTO1WW, Chipset: Intel Broadwell-U-OPI, Memory: 2 x 4096 MB DDR3-1600MHz, Disk: 128GB SAMSUNG MZNTE128, Graphics: Intel HD 5500 3072MB (950MHz), Audio: Intel Broadwell-U Audio, Network: Intel Connection + Intel Wireless 7265 OS: Ubuntu 17.04, Kernel: 4.13.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20170814, Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.19.3, Display Driver: modesetting 1.19.3, OpenGL: 4.5 Mesa 17.0.7, Compiler: GCC 6.3.0 20170406, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency: Processor: Intel Core i7-5600U @ 3.20GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: LENOVO 20BSCTO1WW, Chipset: Intel Broadwell-U-OPI, Memory: 2 x 4096 MB DDR3-1600MHz, Disk: 128GB SAMSUNG MZNTE128, Graphics: Intel HD 5500 3072MB (950MHz), Audio: Intel Broadwell-U Audio, Network: Intel Connection + Intel Wireless 7265 OS: Ubuntu 17.04, Kernel: 4.13.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20170814, Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.19.3, Display Driver: modesetting 1.19.3, OpenGL: 4.5 Mesa 17.0.7, Compiler: GCC 6.3.0 20170406, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 Linux 4.13: CFQ: Processor: Intel Core i7-5600U @ 3.20GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: LENOVO 20BSCTO1WW, Chipset: Intel Broadwell-U-OPI, Memory: 2 x 4096 MB DDR3-1600MHz, Disk: 128GB SAMSUNG MZNTE128, Graphics: Intel HD 5500 3072MB (950MHz), Audio: Intel Broadwell-U Audio, Network: Intel Connection + Intel Wireless 7265 OS: Ubuntu 17.04, Kernel: 4.13.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20170814, Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.19.3, Display Driver: modesetting 1.19.3, OpenGL: 4.5 Mesa 17.0.7, Compiler: GCC 6.3.0 20170406, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 Linux 4.13: Deadline: Processor: Intel Core i7-5600U @ 3.20GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: LENOVO 20BSCTO1WW, Chipset: Intel Broadwell-U-OPI, Memory: 2 x 4096 MB DDR3-1600MHz, Disk: 128GB SAMSUNG MZNTE128, Graphics: Intel HD 5500 3072MB (950MHz), Audio: Intel Broadwell-U Audio, Network: Intel Connection + Intel Wireless 7265 OS: Ubuntu 17.04, Kernel: 4.13.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20170814, Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.19.3, Display Driver: modesetting 1.19.3, OpenGL: 4.5 Mesa 17.0.7, Compiler: GCC 6.3.0 20170406, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 Linux 4.13: Kyber: Processor: Intel Core i7-5600U @ 3.20GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: LENOVO 20BSCTO1WW, Chipset: Intel Broadwell-U-OPI, Memory: 2 x 4096 MB DDR3-1600MHz, Disk: 128GB SAMSUNG MZNTE128, Graphics: Intel HD 5500 3072MB (950MHz), Audio: Intel Broadwell-U Audio, Network: Intel Connection + Intel Wireless 7265 OS: Ubuntu 17.04, Kernel: 4.13.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20170814, Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.19.3, Display Driver: modesetting 1.19.3, OpenGL: 4.5 Mesa 17.0.7, Compiler: GCC 6.3.0 20170406, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 Linux 4.13: None: Processor: Intel Core i7-5600U @ 3.20GHz (4 Cores), Motherboard: LENOVO 20BSCTO1WW, Chipset: Intel Broadwell-U-OPI, Memory: 2 x 4096 MB DDR3-1600MHz, Disk: 128GB SAMSUNG MZNTE128, Graphics: Intel HD 5500 3072MB (950MHz), Audio: Intel Broadwell-U Audio, Network: Intel Connection + Intel Wireless 7265 OS: Ubuntu 17.04, Kernel: 4.13.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20170814, Desktop: Unity 7.5.0, Display Server: X Server 1.19.3, Display Driver: modesetting 1.19.3, OpenGL: 4.5 Mesa 17.0.7, Compiler: GCC 6.3.0 20170406, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 Linux 4.15: BFQ: Processor: Intel Core i7-5600U @ 3.20GHz (2 Cores / 4 Threads), Motherboard: LENOVO 20BSCTO1WW, Chipset: Intel Broadwell-U-OPI, Memory: 2 x 4096 MB DDR3-1600MT/s, Disk: 128GB SAMSUNG MZNTE128, Graphics: Intel HD 5500 (950MHz), Audio: Intel Broadwell-U Audio, Network: Intel Connection + Intel Wireless 7265 OS: Ubuntu 17.10, Kernel: 4.15.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20171203, Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.26.1, Display Server: X Server 1.19.5, Compiler: GCC 7.2.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency: Processor: Intel Core i7-5600U @ 3.20GHz (2 Cores / 4 Threads), Motherboard: LENOVO 20BSCTO1WW, Chipset: Intel Broadwell-U-OPI, Memory: 2 x 4096 MB DDR3-1600MT/s, Disk: 128GB SAMSUNG MZNTE128, Graphics: Intel HD 5500 (950MHz), Audio: Intel Broadwell-U Audio, Network: Intel Connection + Intel Wireless 7265 OS: Ubuntu 17.10, Kernel: 4.15.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20171203, Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.26.1, Display Server: X Server 1.19.5, Compiler: GCC 7.2.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 Linux 4.15: CFQ: Processor: Intel Core i7-5600U @ 3.20GHz (2 Cores / 4 Threads), Motherboard: LENOVO 20BSCTO1WW, Chipset: Intel Broadwell-U-OPI, Memory: 2 x 4096 MB DDR3-1600MT/s, Disk: 128GB SAMSUNG MZNTE128, Graphics: Intel HD 5500 (950MHz), Audio: Intel Broadwell-U Audio, Network: Intel Connection + Intel Wireless 7265 OS: Ubuntu 17.10, Kernel: 4.15.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20171203, Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.26.1, Display Server: X Server 1.19.5, Compiler: GCC 7.2.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 Linux 4.15: Deadline: Processor: Intel Core i7-5600U @ 3.20GHz (2 Cores / 4 Threads), Motherboard: LENOVO 20BSCTO1WW, Chipset: Intel Broadwell-U-OPI, Memory: 2 x 4096 MB DDR3-1600MT/s, Disk: 128GB SAMSUNG MZNTE128, Graphics: Intel HD 5500 (950MHz), Audio: Intel Broadwell-U Audio, Network: Intel Connection + Intel Wireless 7265 OS: Ubuntu 17.10, Kernel: 4.15.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20171203, Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.26.1, Display Server: X Server 1.19.5, Compiler: GCC 7.2.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 Linux 4.15: Kyber: Processor: Intel Core i7-5600U @ 3.20GHz (2 Cores / 4 Threads), Motherboard: LENOVO 20BSCTO1WW, Chipset: Intel Broadwell-U-OPI, Memory: 2 x 4096 MB DDR3-1600MT/s, Disk: 128GB SAMSUNG MZNTE128, Graphics: Intel HD 5500 (950MHz), Audio: Intel Broadwell-U Audio, Network: Intel Connection + Intel Wireless 7265 OS: Ubuntu 17.10, Kernel: 4.15.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20171203, Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.26.1, Display Server: X Server 1.19.5, Compiler: GCC 7.2.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 Linux 4.15: None: Processor: Intel Core i7-5600U @ 3.20GHz (2 Cores / 4 Threads), Motherboard: LENOVO 20BSCTO1WW, Chipset: Intel Broadwell-U-OPI, Memory: 2 x 4096 MB DDR3-1600MT/s, Disk: 128GB SAMSUNG MZNTE128, Graphics: Intel HD 5500 (950MHz), Audio: Intel Broadwell-U Audio, Network: Intel Connection + Intel Wireless 7265 OS: Ubuntu 17.10, Kernel: 4.15.0-999-generic (x86_64) 20171203, Desktop: GNOME Shell 3.26.1, Display Server: X Server 1.19.5, Compiler: GCC 7.2.0, File-System: ext4, Screen Resolution: 1920x1080 Application Start-up Time 0.1.0 Background I/O Type: Sequential - Background I/O mix: Reads and writes - Application to start: xterm sec < Lower Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ ............. 4.70 |==== Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 0.25 | Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 41.22 |==================================== Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 3.32 |=== Linux 4.13: None ............ 1.38 |= Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 48.36 |========================================== Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 19.22 |================= Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 34.73 |============================== Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 2.97 |=== Linux 4.15: None ............ 4.92 |==== Application Start-up Time 0.1.0 Background I/O Type: Random - Background I/O mix: Only reads - Application to start: LibreOffice Writer sec < Lower Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ ............. 0.31 |========================= Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 0.35 |============================ Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 0.31 |========================= Linux 4.13: Deadline ........ 0.34 |============================ Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 0.31 |========================= Linux 4.13: None ............ 0.31 |========================= Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 0.35 |============================ Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 0.34 |============================ Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 0.53 |=========================================== Linux 4.15: Deadline ........ 0.43 |=================================== Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 0.36 |============================= Linux 4.15: None ............ 0.37 |============================== Application Start-up Time 0.1.0 Background I/O Type: Sequential - Background I/O mix: Only reads - Application to start: Gnome terminal sec < Lower Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ ............. 3.80 |=========================================== Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 0.26 |=== Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 2.74 |=============================== Linux 4.13: Deadline ........ 3.44 |======================================= Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 2.01 |======================= Linux 4.13: None ............ 2.83 |================================ Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 3.53 |======================================== Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 0.96 |=========== Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 3.29 |===================================== Linux 4.15: Deadline ........ 3.20 |==================================== Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 3.59 |========================================= Linux 4.15: None ............ 3.56 |======================================== Application Start-up Time 0.1.0 Background I/O Type: Random - Background I/O mix: Reads and writes - Application to start: Gnome terminal sec < Lower Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 0.44 |============== Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 0.16 |===== Linux 4.13: Deadline ........ 0.84 |============================ Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 0.77 |========================= Linux 4.13: None ............ 0.54 |================== Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 1.31 |=========================================== Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 0.53 |================= Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 0.36 |============ Linux 4.15: Deadline ........ 1.05 |================================== Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 1.02 |================================= Linux 4.15: None ............ 1.13 |===================================== Application Start-up Time 0.1.0 Background I/O Type: Sequential - Background I/O mix: Only reads - Application to start: LibreOffice Writer sec < Lower Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 3.30 |====================== Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 4.81 |================================ Linux 4.13: Deadline ........ 5.38 |==================================== Linux 4.13: None ............ 4.85 |================================= Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 5.41 |==================================== Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 0.70 |===== Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 6.39 |=========================================== Linux 4.15: Deadline ........ 5.02 |================================== Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 6.24 |========================================== Linux 4.15: None ............ 5.24 |=================================== Application Start-up Time 0.1.0 Background I/O Type: Random - Background I/O mix: Reads and writes - Application to start: LibreOffice Writer sec < Lower Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 2.28 |=========================================== Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 0.29 |===== Linux 4.13: Deadline ........ 1.48 |============================ Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 1.16 |====================== Linux 4.13: None ............ 0.86 |================ Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 1.97 |===================================== Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 0.71 |============= Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 0.63 |============ Linux 4.15: Deadline ........ 1.56 |============================= Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 1.62 |=============================== Linux 4.15: None ............ 1.67 |=============================== Application Start-up Time 0.1.0 Background I/O Type: Sequential - Background I/O mix: Reads and writes - Application to start: Gnome terminal sec < Lower Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 0.85 |= Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 5.24 |====== Linux 4.13: None ............ 4.94 |====== Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 36.90 |========================================== Linux 4.15: None ............ 35.70 |========================================= Application Start-up Time 0.1.0 Background I/O Type: Sequential - Background I/O mix: Reads and writes - Application to start: LibreOffice Writer sec < Lower Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 3.88 |==================== Linux 4.13: None ............ 8.41 |=========================================== SQLite 3.8.10.2 Test Target: Default Test Directory Seconds < Lower Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ ............. 147.26 |========================================= Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 137.05 |====================================== Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 112.34 |=============================== Linux 4.13: Deadline ........ 113.64 |================================ Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 96.56 |=========================== Linux 4.13: None ............ 89.85 |========================= Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 130.71 |==================================== Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 141.27 |======================================= Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 92.04 |========================== Linux 4.15: Deadline ........ 112.94 |=============================== Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 115.31 |================================ Linux 4.15: None ............ 118.91 |================================= Flexible IO Tester 2.1.13 Type: Random Write - IO Engine: Libaio - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ ............. 26.92 |========= Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 89.92 |============================= Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 47.83 |================ Linux 4.13: Deadline ........ 70.84 |======================= Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 107.41 |=================================== Linux 4.13: None ............ 125.80 |========================================= Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 33.07 |=========== Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 67.92 |====================== Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 104.79 |================================== Linux 4.15: Deadline ........ 59.60 |=================== Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 63.47 |===================== Linux 4.15: None ............ 63.69 |===================== Flexible IO Tester 2.1.13 Type: Random Write - IO Engine: Libaio - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory IOPS > Higher Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ ............. 6727 |========= Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 22477 |============================== Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 11953 |================ Linux 4.13: Deadline ........ 17706 |======================== Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 26849 |==================================== Linux 4.13: None ............ 31446 |========================================== Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 8263 |=========== Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 16976 |======================= Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 26194 |=================================== Linux 4.15: Deadline ........ 14896 |==================== Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 15864 |===================== Linux 4.15: None ............ 15920 |===================== Flexible IO Tester 2.1.13 Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Libaio - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ ............. 218.59 |=================== Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 230.13 |==================== Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 459.44 |========================================= Linux 4.13: Deadline ........ 458.93 |========================================= Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 347.11 |=============================== Linux 4.13: None ............ 206.83 |================== Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 461.18 |========================================= Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 461.27 |========================================= Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 459.83 |========================================= Linux 4.15: Deadline ........ 461.22 |========================================= Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 461.75 |========================================= Linux 4.15: None ............ 212.34 |=================== Flexible IO Tester 2.1.13 Type: Sequential Read - IO Engine: Libaio - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory IOPS > Higher Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ ............. 54644 |=================== Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 57529 |==================== Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 114857 |========================================= Linux 4.13: Deadline ........ 114729 |========================================= Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 86773 |=============================== Linux 4.13: None ............ 51703 |================== Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 115292 |========================================= Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 115315 |========================================= Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 114953 |========================================= Linux 4.15: Deadline ........ 115302 |========================================= Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 115434 |========================================= Linux 4.15: None ............ 53082 |=================== Flexible IO Tester 2.1.13 Type: Sequential Write - IO Engine: Libaio - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory MB/s > Higher Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ ............. 27.72 |======== Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 104.93 |================================ Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 103.23 |=============================== Linux 4.13: Deadline ........ 103.60 |=============================== Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 117.30 |==================================== Linux 4.13: None ............ 135.12 |========================================= Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 76.97 |======================= Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 87.90 |=========================== Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 113.43 |================================== Linux 4.15: Deadline ........ 86.56 |========================== Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 88.70 |=========================== Linux 4.15: None ............ 78.44 |======================== Flexible IO Tester 2.1.13 Type: Sequential Write - IO Engine: Libaio - Buffered: No - Direct: Yes - Block Size: 4KB - Disk Target: Default Test Directory IOPS > Higher Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ ............. 6926 |========= Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 26228 |================================= Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 25803 |================================ Linux 4.13: Deadline ........ 25897 |================================ Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 29322 |==================================== Linux 4.13: None ............ 33777 |========================================== Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 19240 |======================== Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 21970 |=========================== Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 28353 |=================================== Linux 4.15: Deadline ........ 21637 |=========================== Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 22172 |============================ Linux 4.15: None ............ 19607 |======================== FS-Mark 3.3 Test: 1000 Files, 1MB Size Files/s > Higher Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ ............. 17.80 |================== Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 23.63 |======================== Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 25.65 |========================== Linux 4.13: Deadline ........ 22.37 |======================= Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 34.07 |================================== Linux 4.13: None ............ 41.50 |========================================== Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 18.25 |================== Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 19.43 |==================== Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 35.75 |==================================== Linux 4.15: Deadline ........ 24.27 |========================= Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 21.85 |====================== Linux 4.15: None ............ 20.17 |==================== FS-Mark 3.3 Test: 5000 Files, 1MB Size, 4 Threads Files/s > Higher Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ ............. 26.87 |=============== Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 47.20 |=========================== Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 42.13 |======================== Linux 4.13: Deadline ........ 35.67 |==================== Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 61.27 |=================================== Linux 4.13: None ............ 73.87 |========================================== Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 23.65 |============= Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 34.25 |=================== Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 55.58 |================================ Linux 4.15: Deadline ........ 39.80 |======================= Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 42.60 |======================== Linux 4.15: None ............ 43.75 |========================= BlogBench 1.0 Test: Read Final Score > Higher Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ ............. 612103 |===================== Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 532632 |================== Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 798053 |=========================== Linux 4.13: Deadline ........ 648161 |====================== Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 581410 |==================== Linux 4.13: None ............ 502903 |================= Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 1182301 |======================================== Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 1120920 |====================================== Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 650369 |====================== Linux 4.15: Deadline ........ 950049 |================================ Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 776595 |========================== Linux 4.15: None ............ 632664 |===================== BlogBench 1.0 Test: Write Final Score > Higher Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ ............. 3162 |====================================== Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 2882 |=================================== Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 2918 |=================================== Linux 4.13: Deadline ........ 3119 |====================================== Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 3027 |==================================== Linux 4.13: None ............ 3570 |=========================================== Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 2042 |========================= Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 2368 |============================= Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 3155 |====================================== Linux 4.15: Deadline ........ 2716 |================================= Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 2944 |=================================== Linux 4.15: None ............ 3283 |======================================== IOzone 3.465 Record Size: 4Kb - File Size: 8GB - Disk Test: Write Performance MB/s > Higher Is Better Linux 4.13: BFQ ............. 89.60 |============================= Linux 4.13: BFQ low_latency . 106.07 |=================================== Linux 4.13: CFQ ............. 104.22 |================================== Linux 4.13: Deadline ........ 92.86 |============================== Linux 4.13: Kyber ........... 110.47 |==================================== Linux 4.13: None ............ 125.56 |========================================= Linux 4.15: BFQ ............. 26.75 |========= Linux 4.15: BFQ low_latency . 46.17 |=============== Linux 4.15: CFQ ............. 82.50 |=========================== Linux 4.15: Deadline ........ 43.08 |============== Linux 4.15: Kyber ........... 55.69 |================== Linux 4.15: None ............ 61.86 |====================